RU1838638C - Device to reduce content of hard particles in exhaust gases - Google Patents

Device to reduce content of hard particles in exhaust gases

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Publication number
RU1838638C
RU1838638C SU904743063A SU4743063A RU1838638C RU 1838638 C RU1838638 C RU 1838638C SU 904743063 A SU904743063 A SU 904743063A SU 4743063 A SU4743063 A SU 4743063A RU 1838638 C RU1838638 C RU 1838638C
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Russia
Prior art keywords
conductors
sectional area
cross
exhaust gases
hard particles
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SU904743063A
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Russian (ru)
Inventor
Коллетта Анджело
Паоло Джиромелла Джан
Пинти Медаро
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Чентро Вилуппо Материали С.П.А.
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Publication of RU1838638C publication Critical patent/RU1838638C/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
    • B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/38—Arrangements for igniting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/063—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating electric heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
    • F01N2270/04—Mixing air with exhaust gases for afterburning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

Использование: устройство дл  очистки отработавших газов. Сущность изобретени : устройство содержит р д электродов, выполненных в виде набора плоских проводников и подключенных поочередно к высоковольтному генератору, и источник подачи воздуха, размещенный перед проводниками . Каждый проводник выполнен в виде металлической решетки, установленной перпендикул рно направлению потока выхлопных газов, а отношение площади поперечного сечени  каждой решетки к площади поперечного сечени  выхлопной трубы составл ет 10-50%, преимущественно менее 35%. 6 з.л. ф-лы, 3 ил.Usage: exhaust gas purification device. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the device comprises a number of electrodes made in the form of a set of flat conductors and connected alternately to a high voltage generator, and an air supply source located in front of the conductors. Each conductor is made in the form of a metal grate mounted perpendicular to the direction of exhaust gas flow, and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of each grate to the cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe is 10-50%, preferably less than 35%. 6 pp f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

Изобретение относитс  к устройству дл  вывода частиц из выхлопных и топочных газов, болееч онкретно к системе дл  удалени  или, по крайней мере, значительного снижени  выброса частиц вместе с выхлопом дизельных двигателей из топочных газов .The invention relates to a device for removing particles from exhaust and flue gases, and more particularly, to a system for removing or at least significantly reducing the emission of particles together with the exhaust of diesel engines from flue gases.

Целью изобретени   вл етс  повышение эффективности.The aim of the invention is to increase efficiency.

На фиг. 1 показана обща  схема конструкции; на фиг. 2 - сечение воплощени , в котором проводники расположены параллельно направлению потока газа: на фиг. 3 -- сечение воплощени , в котором проводники расположены перпендикул рно направлению потока газа.In FIG. 1 shows a general design diagram; in FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an embodiment in which the conductors are parallel to the direction of gas flow: FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an embodiment in which the conductors are arranged perpendicular to the direction of gas flow.

В линию 1, несущую выхлопной газ, введен трубопровод 2. В трубопроводе установлены проводники (на фиг. 1 не показаны), соединенные кабел ми 4 и 5 с высоковольтным генератором 3 напр жени . Микропроцессор 9 обрабатывает сигналы , отражающие состав газа, анализиру- с емого датчиком 6;и управл ет клапаном 8 в линии 7, подсоединенной к трубе 2 дл  подачи в нее необходимого количества воздуха, нагнетаемого с помощью насоса 10.A conduit 2 is introduced into the exhaust gas line 1. Conductors are installed in the conduit (not shown in Fig. 1), connected by cables 4 and 5 to a high voltage voltage generator 3. The microprocessor 9 processes the signals reflecting the composition of the gas analyzed by the sensor 6, and controls the valve 8 in line 7 connected to the pipe 2 to supply it with the necessary amount of air pumped by the pump 10.

В ходе работы датчик 6 анализирует газ, в частности, на содержание окиси углерода, двуокиси углерода и кислорода. Сигналы с датчика направл ютс  на микропроцессор 9, который с помощью заданных программ и информации относительно потребл емого топлива определ ет количество несгоревшего материала и сажи и, следовательно, количество воздуха, необходимое дл  их дожигани , и таким образом управл ет насосом 10 и клапаном 8. Одновременно с помощью высоковольтного генератора 3 между проводниками создаетс  высокое напр жение .During operation, the sensor 6 analyzes the gas, in particular, for the content of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen. The signals from the sensor are directed to microprocessor 9, which, using predefined programs and information on the fuel consumed, determines the amount of unburned material and soot and, therefore, the amount of air required to burn them, and thus controls the pump 10 and valve 8. At the same time, a high voltage is generated between the conductors by means of a high voltage generator 3.

Когда между электродами пропускаетс  газ, содержаща с  в нем сажа снижает значение диэлектрической посто нной системы .что приводит к сильному искровому разр ду на частицы углерода, который разогревает их так, что они сгорают.When gas is passed between the electrodes, the soot contained in it reduces the value of the dielectric constant system. This leads to a strong spark discharge to carbon particles, which heats them so that they burn.

Обогащение газа воздухом и достигаема  высока  температура обеспечивают сгорание большинства частиц углерода, что приводит к образованию в основном двуокиси углерода. Таким образом, например, удаетс  поддерживать очень низкое содержание моноокиси углерода в газе дизельного выхлопа, а в некоторых случа х даже уменьшать это содержание.The enrichment of the gas with air and the achieved high temperature provide the combustion of most carbon particles, which leads to the formation of mainly carbon dioxide. Thus, for example, it is possible to maintain a very low content of carbon monoxide in the gas of diesel exhaust, and in some cases even reduce this content.

На фиг. 2 проводники, имеющие форму плоских пластин 12, 12 и t3 размещены параллельно направлению потока- газа слева направо. Кабели 4 и 5 соответственно подают напр жение/ на пластины 12, 12 и 13, кабель 5 проходит через стенку трубы 2 в изол торные секции 11. Пластины имеют выступающие части Т4. содействующие образованию электрического разр да между частицами углерода и собственно пластинами .In FIG. 2 conductors having the shape of flat plates 12, 12 and t3 are arranged parallel to the gas flow direction from left to right. Cables 4 and 5 respectively supply voltage / to the plates 12, 12 and 13, the cable 5 passes through the wall of the pipe 2 into the insulating sections 11. The plates have protruding parts T4. contributing to the formation of an electric discharge between the carbon particles and the plates themselves.

На фиг. 3 проводникам придана форма круговых решеток 12, 12 и 13, 13, которые установлены перпендикул рно к направлению потока газа. Напр жение на пластины подаетс  по кабел м 4 и 5, а сами пластины остаютс  изолированными от трубы с помощью изол торов 11, которые одновременно обеспечивают проведение кабелей 4 и 5 через стенку трубы 2.. Ф о р м у л а и з о.б р е т е н и   1. Устройство снижени  содержани  твердых частиц в выхлопном газе, содержащее размещенные в выхлопной трубе р д электродов, подключенных к высоковольтному , генератору, и источник подачи воздуха, имеющий орган управлени , отличающеес  тем, что, с целью повышени  эффективности, электроды выполнены в виде набора плоских проводников, подключенных к высоковольтному генератору поочередно , а источник подачи воздуха размещен перед проводниками.In FIG. 3, the conductors are shaped into circular gratings 12, 12, and 13, 13, which are mounted perpendicular to the direction of gas flow. The voltage is applied to the plates through cables 4 and 5, and the plates themselves remain insulated from the pipe by means of insulators 11, which simultaneously ensure that the cables 4 and 5 pass through the wall of the pipe 2 .. Formula and z o. 1. A device for reducing particulate matter in an exhaust gas, comprising a plurality of electrodes disposed in an exhaust pipe connected to a high-voltage generator and an air supply source having a control element, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency, electrodes are made in the form of a set flat conductors connected to the high-voltage generator in turn, and the air supply is placed in front of the conductors.

2. Устройство по п. 1, о т л и ч а ю щ е е- с   тем, что каждый проводник выполнен в виде металлической решетки, установленной перпендикул рно направлению потока выхлопных газов.2. The device according to claim 1, with the proviso that each conductor is made in the form of a metal grate mounted perpendicular to the direction of the exhaust gas flow.

3. Устройство по пп. 1 и 2, о т л и ч а ю- щеес  тем, что отношение площади поперечного сечени  каждой решетки к площади поперечного сечени  выхлопной трубы составл ет 10%-50%.3. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, it follows from the fact that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of each grille to the cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe is 10% -50%.

4. Устройство по п. 3, о т л и ч а ю щ е е- . с   тем, что отношение площади поперечного сечени  каждой решетки к площади поперечного сечени  трубы составл ет менее 35%.4. The device according to p. 3, with the exception of e. so that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of each grate to the cross-sectional area of the pipe is less than 35%.

5. Устройство по п. 1, о т л и ч а ю щ е е- с   тем, что каждый проводник выполнен в виде решетки или пластины, расположенных параллельно потоку выхлопных газов.5. The device according to claim 1, with the proviso that each conductor is made in the form of a lattice or plate located parallel to the exhaust stream.

6. Устройство по п. 5, о т л и ч а ю щ е е- с   тем, что отношение общей площади поперечного сечени  всех проводников к площади поперечного сечени  выхлопной трубы составл ет4% -35%, причем проводники выполнены длиной, составл ющей дес ть диаметров трубы.6. The device according to claim 5, with the proviso that the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of all the conductors to the cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe is 4% -35%, and the conductors are made with a length of ten pipe diameters.

5 7. Устройство по п. 6, о т л и ч а ю щ е е- G   тем, что проводники снабжены выступами .5 7. The device according to claim 6, with the exception of G, in that the conductors are provided with protrusions.

р&& 1p && 1

77

(pЈSЈ.3(pЈSЈ.3

SU904743063A 1989-02-10 1990-02-09 Device to reduce content of hard particles in exhaust gases RU1838638C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8947637A IT1230455B (en) 1989-02-10 1989-02-10 DEVICE FOR THE REMOVAL OF PARTICULATE IN COMBUSTION GASES

Publications (1)

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RU1838638C true RU1838638C (en) 1993-08-30

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KR (1) KR930009717B1 (en)
BR (1) BR9000570A (en)
DD (1) DD297345A5 (en)
DE (2) DE9001338U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2020119A6 (en)
FR (1) FR2643113B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2228072B (en)
HU (1) HUT52716A (en)
IT (1) IT1230455B (en)
RU (1) RU1838638C (en)
SE (1) SE505437C2 (en)

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KR900012682A (en) 1990-09-01
SE9000483L (en) 1990-08-11
BR9000570A (en) 1991-10-08
IT8947637A0 (en) 1989-02-10
SE9000483D0 (en) 1990-02-09
HU900703D0 (en) 1990-04-28
DD297345A5 (en) 1992-01-09
DE4003564A1 (en) 1990-08-16
DE4003564C2 (en) 1993-10-28
HUT52716A (en) 1990-08-28
IT1230455B (en) 1991-10-23
GB9002691D0 (en) 1990-04-04
FR2643113A1 (en) 1990-08-17
GB2228072A (en) 1990-08-15
GB2228072B (en) 1993-02-10
FR2643113B1 (en) 1993-07-09
DE9001338U1 (en) 1990-06-21
SE505437C2 (en) 1997-08-25
JPH02241558A (en) 1990-09-26
ES2020119A6 (en) 1991-07-16
KR930009717B1 (en) 1993-10-09
JPH0731148U (en) 1995-06-13

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