KR100220081B1 - Device for purifying exhaust gas in a diesel automobile for a order plasma discharge of electricity - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for a diesel vehicle using plasma discharge to effectively remove NOx, SOx, CO, unreacted hydrocarbons (HC), soot and dust contained in the exhaust gas of a diesel vehicle. A plurality of plasma discharge chips composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode have a high acid resistance, abrasion resistance, and electrical conductivity in an exhaust gas purifying apparatus of a diesel vehicle using a plasma discharge, which has been filed in Korean Patent Application No. 97-20243 (May 21, 1997). The electrode is made of metal or its alloy length to extend the purification efficiency and lifespan so that it is almost the same as the life of diesel car, and the exhaust gas of the car is discharged only through a plurality of plasma discharge chips, thereby improving the purification efficiency to the maximum. I was.

In addition, since the battery capacity of diesel cars is limited to 24V, mechanical distributors using mechanical contacts to control contacts, solid state distributors using transistors (TR), and photodiode capacitor capacitors that operate transistors (TRs) using photodiodes. By using the method of discharging the plasma discharge chip sequentially by individual or group unit by using a capacitor-type distributor using the 12 ~ 24V, the car battery can be used for plasma chip discharge without difficulty to purify the exhaust gas of diesel vehicles. It is.

Description

Diesel vehicle exhaust gas purification device using sequential plasma discharge.

The present invention relates to a diesel vehicle exhaust gas purification apparatus using a plasma discharge that effectively removes NOx, SOx, CO, unreacted hydrocarbons (HC), soot and dust contained in diesel vehicle exhaust gas. In the diesel car exhaust gas purifier using a plasma discharge, which was filed on May 21, 1997, a plurality of plasma discharge chips composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode were installed. While being exhausted, redox is purified by plasma discharge.

However, since the battery of diesel car is limited to 24V, when the primary current is 15A, only the power of 360W can be used. Therefore, when boosting the voltage to 3,000V ~ 25,000V using the ignition coil, only 12mA ~ 1.04mA can be used. It becomes impossible. This results in the inability to discharge multiple plasma discharge chips simultaneously.

Therefore, in the present invention, a mechanical distributor that is mechanically interrupted by using a contact, a contactless distributor that prevents the contact from being easily damaged by using the transistor TR, and a photodiode that operates the transistor TR by using a photodiode 12V or 24V battery power by sequentially discharging the plasma discharge chip individually or in groups of groups by using a capacitor distributor that stores a distributor or 400V DC electricity in a capacitor and discharges it in the primary coil of the ignition coil. The present invention relates to purifying exhaust gas of a diesel vehicle by using it without difficulty.

Since the current developed metropolitan area or plant increases the amount of generation of NOx, such as NO and NO ₂ in NOx it is enhanced gradually restrictions on air pollution.

The main causes of NOx are automobiles, waste incinerators, thermal power plants, diesel locomotives, ships, various boilers and heating burners. Among them, the amount of soot in automobiles accounts for 75% of air pollution. have.

Diesel cars have better heat efficiency and higher output than gasoline cars, and combustion takes place in areas with relatively high air-fuel ratios, resulting in low emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. It is known as a relatively low clean car, but the low pollution gasoline car with a three-way catalyst has been supplied, a diesel vehicle that emits a large amount of toxic NOx and particulate matter to the human body has emerged as a large pollution source.

Therefore, the exhaust gas purification technology for post-treatment of exhaust gas contaminants is developed as in diesel vehicles, and the diesel exhaust gas after-treatment apparatus currently developed or developed can be classified into the following four categories.

1) Diesel burner type: A device that collects soot and reburns it using a separate diesel burner.

2) Fuel additive type: A device that injects additives such as ammonia, urea, hydrazine, etc. into fuel, includes soot as a ceramic filter, and reburns it with an electronic device.

3) Trap-muffler type: A device that collects soot in the filter attached to the muffler and re-burns it in the muffler.

4) Catalytic type: A device for purifying soot by installing a catalyst trap.

Of these, the diesel burner type requires a separate space in the engine room because it must be connected and attached in the engine, and the fuel additive type requires a separate space in front of the muffler, and thus requires a separate space.

The trap-muffler type has the disadvantage of removing the existing muffler currently used and replacing it with the trap muffler, and the catalytic type has a disadvantage in that the purification efficiency is low because it is not easy to remove the catalyst poison by the unreacted hydrocarbon or SOx.

As mentioned above, these diesel car purifiers have a common disadvantage of being expensive equipment of more than 4 million won in addition to the obvious disadvantages, and the exhaust gas purification is almost impossible at the start of the car due to the low temperature of the purifier. Has the fundamental disadvantage.

Plasma purifier according to the present invention boosts the voltage of a vehicle battery (or generator) of 12V or 24V to 3,000V ~ 25,000V by high voltage generator (HV), and then supplies it to a plurality of discharge chips installed to supply plasma by arc discharge. It generates and uses the principle of decomposing and purifying exhaust gas of diesel cars, and has the advantage of increasing the purification efficiency as much as possible from the beginning of the car.

When exhaust gas is discharged only through a plurality of discharge chips that generate long plasmas, the exhaust gas and soot purification efficiency is very excellent, and two or more such discharge chips are installed to maximize the purification efficiency of the exhaust gas. You can.

In addition, a plurality of long discharge chips are installed to reduce the discharge resistance of the soot gas discharged from the engine as much as possible, so that there is no cause of load increase and stroke failure of the engine by the discharge pressure.

1 is an exploded perspective view of the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

3 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a plan view of another embodiment of the insulating plate of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

2: housing 4: bottom plate

6: screw hole 8: electrode plate

10: discharge space 12: negative electrode

14 threaded portion 16 cathode feeder

18, 44: through hole 20: protrusion

22: stepped portion 24: insulation ring

26: positive electrode 28: positive electrode insertion hole

30: vent 32: insulation plate

34: anode feed line 36: ring terminal

38: nut 40: discharge chip

42: leaf spring 46: cover

47: piece 48: muffler

50, 52: insulation protection 54: controller

B: battery power D: distributor

R: Current limiting resistor and surge absorption resistor T: Step-up coil

SW: Start or Run Switch Q: Switching Transistor

OT: Trigger Circuit or Generator HV: High Voltage Generator

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional configuration of the present invention. The bottom plate of the housing 2 having a metal insulating material or non-insulating material having excellent heat resistance, acid resistance, and conductivity, such as stainless steel, and having an open upper portion ( 4) A plurality of screw holes 6 are formed at appropriate intervals, and a thin electrode plate 8 made of a thin metal alloy having excellent heat resistance, acid resistance, and conductivity, such as molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, and copper, is formed. To form a through hole of the same size and spacing as the screw hole (6).

The electrode plate 8 is brought into contact with the bottom surface of the bottom plate 4 of the housing 2 to screw the screw 14 of the negative electrode 12 having the discharge space 10 therein so that the electrode of the negative electrode 12 is downward. Then, the negative electrode feed line 16 is fixed to one end of the electrode plate 8 by screwing or the like so that the negative potential can be supplied.

The bottom plate 4 of the housing 8 is fitted with a donut shaped ceramic insulating ring 24 having a through hole 18, a protrusion 20, and a stepped portion 22, and a stepped portion of the insulating ring 24. An insulating plate 32 made of an insulating material, such as a ceramic, is formed by inserting the positive electrode 26, the insertion hole 28, and the exhaust gas vent hole 30 at appropriate intervals, and the anode is formed on the upper portion of the insertion hole 28. The feeder line 34 is fixed, and one, two, three, or more conductive ring terminals 36 composed of an appropriate number are inserted to protrude to the upper portion of the ring terminal 36, and then fastened with nuts 38 to be fixed. The positive electrode rod which can supply the positive potential to the positive electrode 26 or the positive electrode for each group is inserted into the discharge space 10 of the negative electrode 12 to form the plasma discharge chip 40.

A donut-shaped plate spring 42 is placed on the edge of the insulating ring 24 and the insulating plate 32 and then covered with a donut-shaped cover 46 having a hole 44 formed in the center thereof. The negative electrode 12 and the positive electrode 26 are fixed while maintaining the discharge distance.

On the other hand, Figure 3 is a power supply circuit of an embodiment of the present invention, the battery (B) of the low potential (24V) installed in the vehicle is boosted to a high voltage and then to the negative electrode 12 and the positive electrode 26 through the distributor (D) By sequentially discharging at a high speed in a plurality of individual or group units configured, an efficient arc discharge is achieved and the exhaust gas is purified by the plasma generated at this time.

In FIG. 3, the power of the battery B of the low potential 24V is boosted to 3,000V to 25,000V through the boosting coil T by the transistor Q switched by the trigger circuit or the oscillator OT. Since the current is weak at about 12 mA to 1.04 mA, it is not possible to simultaneously discharge the whole discharge chip 40 installed in plural numbers, so that the discharge chip 40 is discharged individually or in unit groups through the distributor D to purify the exhaust gas. To do that.

The high voltage generator HV is interlocked by the start switch or the operation switch SW to limit the current to the resistor R and to absorb the shock voltage or the surge voltage.

The positive electrode 26, the negative electrode 12, and the ring terminal 36 are made of a metal alloy having excellent heat resistance, acid resistance, and conductivity, such as molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, copper, and the like, as the electrode plate 8, and a plurality of feed lines. (16) (34) is to use a high-voltage cable excellent in heat resistance, insulation and pressure resistance, such as silicone rubber, and the feed line (16) to prevent unnecessary discharge to the muffler (48) through which the feed line (16, 34) passes Between the 34 and the muffler 48 is inserted an insulation barrier 50, 52 made of a silicone rubber material of the same material as the feed lines 16, 34 to prevent unnecessary discharge.

In the present invention, the exhaust gas is discharged only through the through hole 44, the through hole 30, and the discharge space 10 so that the exhaust gas is purified so that the other connection part is kept airtight with flame retardant paint or heat resistant ceramic adhesive.

In the present invention, the switching frequency of the switching transistor Q can be varied from several hundred Hz to several tens of Hz, and the time required to achieve one cycle of the distributor D can be selected from several nS to several seconds. .

In addition, the booster coil (D) that decomposes the high voltage and the boosting coil (T) that induces a high voltage to the secondary coil by interposing the primary current may use the distributor (D) and the ignition coil used in a gasoline vehicle as it is or the present invention. The contactor (D) may be a mechanical contact type or a contactless type, but the mechanical contact type may be a contactless type because it may cause frequent damage to the contact and generation of surge voltage (current). Do.

As described above, according to the present invention, since the high voltage boosted to 3,000 to 25,000 V is sequentially supplied to the distributor D in a single or group unit chip, one cycle is formed to achieve a discharge, so that plasma is effectively generated and the exhaust gas is purified cleanly. If one cycle speed is increased, the entire discharge chip can be discharged almost simultaneously.

In the present invention, the discharge speed may vary according to the number of plasma discharge chips or the size purifying capacity of the muffler. In this case, a controller having a setting unit for setting the switching speed (Hz) and the distribution speed of the distributor (D) of the switching transistor (Q). It will be variable through (54).

In addition, in the present invention, the lengths of the feed lines 16 and 34 are shortened so that the high voltage generator HV and the divider D are located near the discharge chip 40 of the present invention, thereby reducing the power loss.

In the present invention, the electrode plate 8 may be deleted to be grounded through the housing 2 and the muffler case so that the negative potential is supplied.

4 is a plan view of another embodiment of the insulating plate 32 of the present invention. The three positive electrode insertion grooves are formed radially on each side of the ceramic insulating plate 32 at three sides thereof, and are connected three times to the upper surface of the positive electrode insertion groove. The terminal 56 is mounted, and the three positive electrode 26 groups are inserted into each other, and the nut 38 is connected to each other so that the connection terminal 56 may be connected to the output of the distributor D, respectively.

Further, in the practice of the present invention, two or more plasma discharge apparatuses according to FIG. 4 are installed in the muffler 48 in series, and the electrode groups are connected in series with a connection line to be simultaneously discharged or connected in parallel. In some cases, high-voltage silicon diodes are connected in series to the connection line, and the insulation is maintained between the plasma discharge device and the muffler 48 of the present invention and then applied to the positive electrode 26 and the negative electrode 12. If the polarity of the discharge power source is changed at a rapid rate, sequential discharge is achieved.

The chemical reactions in which the exhaust gas is decomposed and purified by the plasma flame are as follows.

The oxidation (combustion) reaction of carbon monoxide (CO) is given by the following equation (1).

2CO + O ₂ → 2CO ₂ -------------------------- Formula (1)

Combustion of unreacted hydrocarbons (HC: CnH ₂ n + ₂ ) takes place as shown in the following equation (2).

m.CnH ₂ n + ₂ + m / 2 (3n + 1) O ₂ → mn.CO ₂ + m (n + 1) H ₂ O --- Formula (2)

Where m is the mole number of the unreacted hydrocarbon.

NOx contained in the exhaust gas is reduced to nitrogen (N ₂ ) and oxygen, which are harmless to animals and plants, as shown in the following equations (3) and (4).

2NO → N ₂ + O ₂ --------------------------- Equation (3)

2NO ₂ → N ₂ + 2O ₂ ------------------------- Formula (4)

Then, the carbon dust (cs) dispersed in the exhaust gas is oxidized as shown in the following equation (5) to change into carbon dioxide gas (CO ₂ ).

C (s) + O ₂ (g) → CO ₂ (g) ----------------------- Formula (5)

Where s and g in parentheses denote solid and gas states.

Among the above reaction formulas, in particular, in the case where the catalytic combustion plate of the metal honeycomb of the patent application No. 97-15145 filed by the present applicant (inventor) has been filed before the present invention, the equation (3), ( As shown in 4), the NOx removal efficiency can be further increased.

In configuring the purification device, since the purification is performed from the initial start of the vehicle, the purification efficiency can be maximized, and when the metal honeycomb is installed at the front end of the present invention, the purification efficiency is further improved. In addition, since the purification device is installed in the muffler 48 or the exhaust path, the exhaust gas is necessarily passed through, so the purification efficiency is very high.

In addition, the present invention is not necessarily used only for exhaust gas purification apparatus for diesel vehicles, but may be used for the purification and removal of soot gas, dust, exhaust gas such as petroleum burners, gas burners, diesel engines, incinerators, and thermal power plants. And its effect is of course identified with the present invention.

As described above, the present invention can significantly reduce the exhaust gas discharged by the simple configuration of installing the plasma purification device in the muffler of the diesel vehicle, thereby significantly reducing various environmental pollutions caused by the exhaust gas.

In addition, the electrodes 26 and 12 are screwed to the electrode plate 8 and the insulating plate 32, and the housing 2 can also be disassembled and coupled, so that the electrodes 26 and 12 can be easily replaced. It works.

Claims (2)

In the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of a diesel vehicle which decomposes, removes and purifies exhaust gas by a plurality of plasma discharge chips coupled with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the transistor Q and the boost coil T are switched by an oscillator OT. Using a sequential plasma discharge characterized in that to boost the car battery (B) to a high pressure and then to supply the discharge chip 40 to the discharge chip 40 through the distributor (D) individually or in unit groups to achieve the discharge of the discharge chip 40 Diesel vehicle exhaust gas purification device. According to claim 1, A plurality of screw holes (6) are formed in the bottom plate (4) of the housing (2) open to the upper part at a suitable interval, and the screw holes ( 6) After contacting the electrode plate (8) having the same size and spacing of holes, and then fastening the negative electrode 12, and installed by inserting the insulating ring 24 to the bottom plate (4) of the housing (2), insulation A plurality of exhaust gas vent holes 30 are formed in the stepped portion 22 of the ring 24, the ring terminal 36 and the positive electrode 26 are fastened to the insertion hole 28, and the insulating ring 24 The cover 46 having the leaf spring 42 and the through hole 24 is placed on the edge of the insulating plate 32, and then fastened with a piece 47, and the distributor D is connected to the ring terminal 36 of the positive electrode 26. A diesel vehicle exhaust gas purification apparatus using a sequential plasma discharge connected to each terminal of a vehicle.

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