RU181683U1 - Multi-focal volumetric internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to engine building, and can be used in the implementation of an internal combustion engine (ICE) with an ignition system based on microwave radiation used in the automotive industry, in aviation and in other areas in which ICEs are used. The technical result is the provision of fuel combustion throughout the volume of the combustion chamber, a significant reduction in the cost of breakdown energy; increase in speed and completeness of fuel combustion, as well as increased environmental friendliness. ICE contains at least one combustion chamber formed by the cylinder and the working surface of the piston mounted in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating movements inside the cylinder, with openings for the intake and exhaust valves. At least one combustion chamber is equipped with a microwave radiation generator and initiators located or made at least on the working surface of the piston. The initiators located on the working surface of the piston are made in the form of rods, the length is determined from the condition of matching half the wavelength of microwave radiation arising from the operation of the microwave radiation generator. 5 cp f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to engine building, and can be used in the implementation of an internal combustion engine with an ignition system based on microwave radiation used in the automotive industry, in aviation (including unmanned aerial vehicles), as well as in shipbuilding, railway equipment and in other areas in which internal combustion engines are used.

Internal combustion engines, including piston ones, are widely known (see, for example, RU 94036612 A1, Cl. F02P 3/01, F02P 15/10, publ. 08/10/1996; RU 94025682 A1, Cl. F01L 1/26, F02F1 / 24, publ. 05.27.1996; RU 94036862 A, CL A02B 19/00, F02B 19/16, publ. 09/20/1996, and other sources), in which one or more candles are installed in the combustion chamber to initiate ignition of the fuel ignition.

The disadvantage of this engine is the ignition of the fuel in the gap of the spark plug, i.e. not over the entire volume of the combustion chamber. The locality of such ignition leads to the formation of harmful emissions, including nitrogen oxides and oxides (Nox), in high-temperature zones and a limitation of the burning rate, i.e. actually engine speeds.

Known options for internal combustion engines with appropriate ignition devices for the working mixture (see RU 2003128545 A, class F02P 1/00, publ. March 20, 2005).

According to the first embodiment, the device for ignition of the working mixture in internal combustion engines, containing the combustion chamber of the working mixture with a working mixture igniter, a pulse generation circuit for igniting the working mixture with a duration of τ and, the input of which is connected to an electronic sensor of the ignition moment, and the output is connected with the ignitor of the working mixture, in addition to the electronic sensor of the ignition moment, they are connected via a delay line with a delay time of τ 3 taken τ y≤τ3≤ (2-3) τ and, the input of the formation circuit pulse energy of ignition of the working mixture and through the switch - the start terminal of the waiting microwave pulse generator with a signal frequency of at least the natural resonant frequency of the combustion mixture of the working mixture, and the output of the waiting microwave pulse generator with a duration of τ equal to τ s = τ 3+ (0 -5) τ and the output of the pulse mixture ignition energy pulse generation circuit are connected to the mixture mixture ignitor through a microwave isolation circuit with the pulse mixture ignition energy pulse generation circuit, where τ 3 is the lead time of the leading edge of the pulse Microwave energy of the ignition moment, τ с - pulse duration of microwave energy, τ у - time to establish a pulse of microwave energy in the combustion chamber, τ and - pulse duration of the energy of ignition of the working mixture.

According to the second option, the device for igniting the working mixture in internal combustion engines, containing the combustion chamber of the working mixture with a nozzle installed in it and connected to the fuel supply system, is achieved by the fact that a microwave pulse emitter with a duration of τ equal to τ s is installed in the combustion chamber of the working mixture = τ 3+ (0-5) τ and, which is connected to the output of the waiting microwave pulse generator with a signal frequency of not less than the natural resonant frequency of the combustion mixture of the working mixture, the start terminal of which through the device is connected to an electronic sensor of the ignition moment associated with the fuel supply system to the nozzle of the ignition timing adjusted by the advance of the ignition by a value of τ 3 taken τ y≤τ3≤ (2-3) τ and, where τ 3 is the lead time of the leading edge of the microwave energy pulse of the moment ignition, τ with the pulse duration of the microwave energy, τ y - the time of establishment of the pulse of microwave energy in the combustion chamber, τ and - the pulse duration of the energy of ignition of the working mixture.

The main disadvantage of both options is the large amount of energy required to ignite the working mixture. In addition, despite the use of pulses of microwave energy. Such ignition is still local, which limits the volume (in full) combustion of the fuel at a high speed, and, as a result, limits the engine speed and leads to the formation of harmful substances (including nitrogen oxides and oxides (Nox)).

Known (see RU 2011123536 A, class F02D 23/00, publ. 12/20/2012) an internal combustion engine with a device for ignition of a working mixture containing a combustion chamber of a working mixture, a device for supplying fuel to a combustion chamber, a system for supplying microwave energy to a chamber combustion and microwave energy emitter. A comparator is additionally introduced into the microwave energy supply system, the microwave energy supply system is made in the form of a waveguide, and the microwave energy emitter is made in the form of a radiating bell, closed from the side of the combustion chamber with a refractory radio-transparent plug.

The disadvantages of this engine practically repeat the disadvantages indicated above for engine options according to RU 2003128545 A.

The technical result of this utility model:

ensuring the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber throughout its volume;

significant reduction in breakdown energy costs;

increase in fuel combustion rate;

ensuring the completeness of fuel combustion;

environmental friendliness - reduction of harmful substances (including oxides and nitrogen oxides (Nox)) in emissions,

increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, due to the synergistic effect - the achievement of these advantages in the aggregate;

creation of an internal combustion engine with volumetric multifocal ignition according to the proposed technical solution, described in the formula of the utility model;

ease of adjustment and regulation of the engine and, if necessary, the ability to control it during operation.

Achievable technical result is ensured by the fact that in an internal combustion engine with volumetric multifocal ignition containing at least one combustion chamber formed by a cylinder and a piston working surface mounted in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating movements inside the cylinder, with inlet openings and exhaust valves, at least one combustion chamber is equipped with a microwave generator and initiators located or made at least on the working surface NOSTA piston, wherein the initiators are on the working surface of the piston, made in the form of rods, the length of which corresponds to half the wavelength of the microwave radiation produced by the microwave generator.

In special cases of engine performance:

Mostly, the rods have the same length and cross section.

In some particular cases of execution, at least one of the rods differs from the others by at least a cross-section and / or length, and the condition for the correspondence of the length of the rod to half the wavelength of the microwave radiation is not violated.

The initiators on the piston working surface and / or the microwave radiation generator are placed in such a way that, when the engine is running, at least when the piston approaches the top dead center (at the moment of ignition or ignition of the fuel), they are in the focus of microwave radiation.

The internal combustion engine further comprises a control unit or controller, wherein the intake and exhaust valves, as well as the microwave radiation generator, are connected to said control unit or controller of the internal combustion engine.

The microwave radiation generator is configured to change the parameters, shape and / or direction of the microwave radiation, for example, according to a predetermined algorithm.

The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated by graphic materials (Fig. 1), which shows a schematic diagram of the proposed internal combustion engine with volumetric multifocal ignition.

The internal combustion engine comprises a combustion chamber formed by a cylinder 1, in which there is a piston 2, which is arranged to reciprocate (move) relative to the cylinder.

The piston by means of a kinematic connection is connected to the shaft, during the operation of the engine, causing it to rotate. The cylinder 1 (and, accordingly, the combustion chamber) contains openings for the intake valve 3 and exhaust valve 4, respectively, connected to the fuel supply and exhaust systems (not shown). Inlet 3 and outlet 4 valves are installed in the corresponding holes, as shown in Fig. 1. There are also special cases of execution in which the combustion chamber through these openings is connected to the corresponding valves 3 and 4 if they are not installed in the indicated openings.

From one of the ends of the cylinder 1 (from the side of the working surface of the piston 2) there is a microwave radiation generator 5. A microwave radiation generator 5 is connected to a microwave energy supply system (node) or / or to a microwave energy source and / or microwave generation unit -signal, or may contain the corresponding above nodes.

At least, on the upper (working) surface of the piston 2 are located - installed (for example, pressed in) or made initiators 6 in the form of rods. The rods are placed on the surface of the piston 2 with its extended side, for example, with a certain pitch from each other. In special cases, it is possible to arrange the rods one after another or in a checkered order.

The length of the said rods 6 is determined based on the condition that it corresponds to half the wavelength of the microwave radiation that will be used when the engine is running.

Under ideal conditions, the full equality of the length of the rods and half the wavelength of microwave radiation should be observed, i.e. identity; however, in practice, for various reasons, it is difficult to ensure the fulfillment of this equality.

Thus, under the condition of correspondence of the length of the rods and half the wavelength of the microwave radiation is understood both the condition of equality (exact or complete correspondence of the indicated values) and the condition of approximate equality of the said values, with a slight deviation caused, for example, by a certain share of error or assumption, however, as close as possible to an exact match. The indicated deviation may be caused, for example, by errors or manufacturing assumptions.

Thus, the length of the rods should be equal to or approximately equal to half the wavelength of the applied microwave radiation.

It is advisable that the initiators (rods) 6 on the working surface of the piston 2 are located so that, when the engine is running, at least when the piston 2 approaches the top dead center (at the moment of ignition or ignition of the fuel), they are in the focus of microwave radiation generator 6.

It is obvious that the rods 6 should be made of conductive, heat-resistant and refractory material with high hardness. The characteristics of such a material may be similar to the characteristics of the material of which the piston 2 is made.

The location of the initiators 6 in the form of rods with respect to the axis of the cylinder can be either orthogonal or deviating from orthogonality, so that when interacting with microwave radiation from the generator 5, they form a half-wave vibrator.

It should be noted that in addition to the initiators 6 located on the working surface of the piston 2, the combustion chamber can also be equipped with additional initiators located, for example, on the end surface of the cylinder or on its inner surface (not shown).

An internal combustion engine with volumetric multifocal ignition operates as follows:

The fuel mixture is supplied to the combustion chamber through the intake valve 3. At the time of compression of the fuel mixture by moving the piston 2 is ignition of the combustible mixture.

The initiators 6 are irradiated with quasi-optical beams, which are generated by the radiation (mainly pulses, of the order of 1 μs) of the generator 5. The initiators of discharge 6 act as a half-wave vibrator, and as a result of the resulting resonance, a streamer microwave discharge is generated, which propagates from the initiators in the opposite direction Microwave radiation, and, taking into account reflections, covers the entire volume of the combustion chamber.

The discharge, spreading over the entire volume of the combustion chamber, in turn, excites oxygen atoms, as a result of which hard ultraviolet (UV) radiation appears, which additionally activates the fuel mixture, which contributes to a larger combustion area and accelerates the combustion of the fuel mixture at comparable energy expended.

Thus, the streamer discharge ensures the constant presence of “hot” plasma channels in the entire volume of the combustion chamber, and, thereby, conditions are created for the formation of an avalanche of electrons and a large number of combustion promoters. All this leads to a significant improvement in the quality of the fuel combustion process: the speed and completeness of fuel combustion increases.

Depending on the speed, temperature and total pressure of the working mixture, the streamer discharge propagation velocity can reach 10-15 km / s, that is, it provides almost instantaneous volumetric initiation of fuel combustion in the combustion chamber.

Compared to sources accepted as analogues, ceteris paribus significantly less energy is spent on breakdown discharge, and the necessary (customizable or adjustable) volume and form of initiation of volumetric combustion of the fuel are provided

The magnitude of the discharge depends on the microwave field strength, which, if necessary, can be pre-installed, adjustable or adjustable during operation.

The combustion products are discharged through the exhaust valve, respectively, into the exhaust system.

The upper value of the wavelength of microwave radiation is determined based on the size of the piston of the engine. Thus, microwave radiation with a wavelength in the range of approximately 1 to 20 cm will be most commonly used. Nevertheless, it is possible to use the entire wavelength range of microwave radiation.

Obviously, an engine may contain more than one combustion chamber, for example, when using more cylinders. At least some of them can be equipped with appropriate microwave generators and initiators.

In special cases, the implementation of a technical solution:

In preferred cases, the rods can be made of the same length and cross section.

However, in some cases, at least one of the rods differs from the others, at least in cross-section and / or slightly different in length, and the condition of approximately equal to half the wavelength of microwave radiation should be fulfilled.

In some cases, it is advisable that the initiators on the piston working surface and / or the microwave radiation generator are placed (and pre-configured) so that, at least when the piston approaches the top dead center, at the moment of ignition (due to compression) or ignition of fuel - they were in the focus of microwave radiation.

The internal combustion engine may also further comprise a control unit or controller (not shown), wherein the inlet 3 and outlet 4 valves, as well as the microwave radiation generator 5 are connected to the specified control unit or controller of the internal combustion engine.

The microwave radiation generator 5 is configured to change parameters (amplitude, frequency within insignificant limits), the shape and / or direction of the microwave radiation, for example, according to a predetermined algorithm.

However, in some special cases, the engine is tuned before it is started, and during the operation of the engine, the parameters, shapes or directions of the microwave radiation are not changed.

The above signs will allow you to adjust the volume and shape of the area of the volumetric initiation of fuel combustion and ensure the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber throughout its volume

Due to the occurrence of a streamer discharge and the formation of a large number of combustion promoters, a significant reduction in the breakdown energy is achieved (calculations and experiments show that the breakdown energy can be reduced by 2 orders of magnitude compared to spark ignition by means of candles), as well as a significant increase in the rate of combustion of the mixture ( 2-3 times compared to spark ignition by means of spark plugs), which ensures complete combustion throughout the entire volume of the combustion chamber at high engine speeds Cored oil combustion (which, in turn, is important for the sports cars and motorcycles).

An increase in the completeness (quality) of combustion and the burning rate of the fuel due to the presence of combustion promoters also leads to a significant decrease in emissions of nitrogen oxides and oxides (Nox),

When implementing the technical solution, such a rate of fuel combustion can be achieved that allows you to increase the speed of rotation of the engine shaft to 15-18 thousand rpm, which is especially important for small-sized highly accelerated internal combustion engines used in unmanned aerial vehicles. Reducing harmful emissions will allow the use of such engines to modernize the gas engines of city buses and trucks.

As a result, due to the cumulative effect, the efficiency of the internal combustion engine also increases.

Claims (6)

1. An internal combustion engine with volumetric multifocal ignition, comprising at least one combustion chamber formed by a cylinder and a piston working surface mounted in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating movements inside the cylinder, with openings for the intake and exhaust valves, at least one combustion chamber is equipped with a microwave radiation generator and initiators located or made at least on the working surface of the piston, and the initiators located on p bochey surface of the piston, made in the form of rods, the length of which is chosen from the condition corresponding to half the wavelength of the microwave radiation produced by the microwave generator. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods are made of the same length and cross section. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the rods differs from the others by at least a section and / or length. 4. The engine according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the initiators on the piston working surface and / or the microwave radiation generator are placed so that when the engine is running, at least when the piston approaches the top dead center, they are in the focus of microwave radiation. 5. The engine according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the internal combustion engine further comprises a control unit or controller, while the inlet and outlet valves, as well as the microwave radiation generator are connected to the specified control unit or controller of the internal combustion engine. 6. The engine according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the microwave radiation generator is configured to change the parameters, shape and / or direction of the microwave radiation, for example, according to a predetermined algorithm.

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