RU1805827C - Method of cultivation farm crops for green feed in irrigation conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in agriculture, in particular in methods of cultivating winter and flat mixtures for green fodder. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the method involves sowing even cereals and legumes in the late summer at the same time as cruciferous crops in one row at a seeding rate of 70-80% of the total sowing rate of each crop in a clean crop. After mowing in the autumn, the mixture is left to regrow, and after wintering, it is mowed in the phase of the beginning of flowering of the cruciferous. 2 s.p. crystals, 3 tab.

Description

The invention relates to methods for cultivating and increasing the productivity of winter and flat mixtures for green feed, the preferred area of its use is irrigated agriculture.

The aim of the invention is the intensive use of irrigated land by improving the quality and yield of forage mass.

The method was developed and experimentally tested in the feed crop department of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture in experimental plots of 60 m2 in four replicates and on the experimental floors of UkrNII-03 on an area of 2 hectares; it passed a production check in 1986-190. in the enterprises of the Kherson region. The method is carried out as follows.

The sowing of winter colza (or rapeseed) in a mixture with winter rye, ditch vetch and oats is carried out in the late summer period

by continuous sowing with inter-rows of 15 cm grain grass.

The predecessor is winter wheat for grain. The soil for sowing is prepared by peeling stubble in two directions. Superphosphate is added at 3.5 c / ha, plowed to a depth of 27-30 cm and water-irrigation is 800 m3 / ha, then ammonium nitrate is applied at 3 c / ha and the field is cultivated ..

Sowing in the experimental experiment was carried out according to the following scheme: winter rape + winter rye; winter rape + winter rye + oats + moat vetch; winter rape + winter rye.

Seeds with a large absolute mass (winter rye, oats, ditch vetch) were sown to a depth of 5-6 cm, and with a lower weight (winter winter rape and winter rape) - 3-4 cm with a sowing rate of 70-80% of the total norm of each crops in clean sowing.

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The first mowing was carried out in autumn at a height of grass-bearing winter rape (or winter rape) - 40-50 cm, winter rye - 35-40 cm, oats - 60-70 cm, vetch shrimp - 40-45 cm with a total green mass yield of 270 centners / ha (tab. 1),

As evidenced by the research results in table. 1, due to autumn mowing (the first cut - 10.10), the yield of green mass is increased by 270 kg / ha and dry weight by 15.5 kg / ha, which is 49 and 35%, respectively, of the total yield for 2 cuts. For two cuts the yield of green mass according to the proposed method was 545-578 kg / ha, and in the control variant 285 kg / ha. The best mowing options were noted on the 30-40th day of vegetation in the phase of winter rye tillering and the formation of a rosette of leaves in cruciferous crops, which was confirmed by studies on the identification of autumn mowing periods (Table 2).

From the table. 2 shows that the mowing was carried out in the calendar terms: 1.10; 10.10; 10.20. The control was the non-mowing option. During the first mowing in the autumn period, the highest yield of green mass - 218-241 kg / ha and dry weight - 22.7-23.8 kg / ha was obtained by mowing on the 40th day of autumn vegetation, or 10.10, and also on 30th day. On the 50th day, due to a decrease in the temperature regime and an increase in the number of autumn frosts, the growth processes in plants slowed down and the rate of accumulation of vegetative mass decreased. The yield of green mass during mowing during this period amounted to 159-167 kg / ha. On the 30th day of the growing season, the yield was 189-200 kg / ha.

In total for two crops, the largest yield - 331-371 kg / ha of green mass and 47.9-57A kg / ha of dry weight - was obtained by mowing crops from 1 to 10 oct br, with an excess of 116- over control (without mowing) 186 c / ha and 10.4-23.6 c / ha, respectively.

Thus, on the basis of the conducted studies, it was found that the best terms for mowing winter crops for double use are the periods from 1 to 10 oct br or the 30-40th day of vegetation, during the phase of tillering of rye and the formation of rosette of leaves in cruciferous.

After autumn general mowing, cruciferous plants (rapeseed, rape) are left to grow winter crops after wintering. In the spring they are fed with ammonium nitrate of 2.0 c / ha.

During the growing season, 2-3 irrigation for autumn use and one irrigation for spring use are carried out. Spring cleaning

the second crop is carried out in the phase of the beginning of the bloom of the cruciferous,

The yield of feed units in this method of cultivating agricultural crops on green feed is presented in Table. 3

The data table. 3 indicate that the total yield of feed units in the experimental versions was 35.2-40.5 kg / ha or 2.4-2.7 times more than the known method. A similar pattern was noted in the yield of digestible protein. According to the proposed method of cultivating agricultural crops, it amounted to 4.3-4.9 kg / ha or 2.8-3.1 kg / ha more than the control variant.

All experimental material of the studies confirms that the proposed method provides a highly productive and high-quality animal feed.

After harvesting the proposed components, crops of the third crop are grown in this field: corn with soybeans and multicomponent mixtures of the post-frost period for green fodder.

For two years, the proposed method receives 5 crops of agricultural crops, ensuring the continuity of the green conveyor. In addition, its use in production gives a reduction in labor costs by a factor of two to three compared to similar methods due to the reduction of agricultural practices and the participation of all components in the formation of the total yield of autumn and spring use.

Formulas a - inventions

Claims (3)

1. A method of cultivating agricultural crops on green fodder under irrigation conditions, including the simultaneous sowing of winter cereals and cruciferous crops, characterized in that, with the aim of intensive use of irrigated land, improving the quality and yield of forage mass, simultaneously with winter cereals and cruciferous even sow cereals and legumes are sown with crops, while sowing is carried out in the late summer in one row, and mowing is carried out in two periods. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing is carried out at a seeding rate of 70-80% of the total norm of each crop in a clean, sowing. 3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the first mowing green masses are produced in the fall on the 30-40th day of vegetation in the phase of tillering of winter rye and the formation of a rosette of leaves in cruciferous crops, and the second in the spring after wintering in the phase of the beginning of cruciferous blooms. Table 1 The productivity of the vegetative mass of cereal-bean cruciferous mixtures with double use, t / ha (1984 - 1985) Table 2 Effect of autumn mowing terms on the yield of vegetative mass of agricultural crops with biaxial use on green fodder, kg / ha (1984 - 1985) The output of feed units and digestible protein when growing multicomponent mixtures according to the proposed method, kg / ha Table 3