RU1801334C - Method of young cattle fattening - Google Patents

Abstract

Field of application: feed production. Essence: fattening young cattle by introducing into the main diet (OR) the feed preparation of microbiological carotene (KPMK) and before introducing KPMK into the main diet it is mixed with potassium iodide, which is taken in the amount of 0.033-0.07% and the obtained is introduced the mixture in the OR in the amount of 1.21-5.17 g per head per day. 3 tab.

Description

The invention relates to the field of feeding farm animals.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the gain in live weight by increasing the digestibility of carotene.

The claimed technical solution differs from the prototype in that a mixture of KPMK with 0.033-0.07% KU is added to the diet and the mixture is introduced in an amount of 1.21-5.17 g per 1 head per day.

Known premix for pigs containing microbial carotene and potassium iodide see. Production and use of premixes, ed. Solntseva, - L., 1980.p. 206, tab. 48.

However, in the claimed method, the inventive mixture differs from the known composition and ratio of its constituent components, and the use of this mixture is aimed at increasing the gain in live weight of young cattle.

A well-known premix based on the use of microbiological synthesis products, such as lysine and yeast, is used to increase efficiency

and the usefulness of low-protein cereal grain mixtures. That is, in this case, another problem is solved: increasing the protein content in the diets.

It is known that iodine is introduced into premixes and feeds in the form of its salts. Potassium iodide in primixes is very unstable in the presence of salts of other trace elements. In addition, iodine also has a destructive effect on vitamin and, in particular, on vitamin A and carotene. It is doubtful about the usefulness of using and introducing into the diet an excess of iodine (ID-200 times), as described in the above source.

In the method claimed by the authors, the instability of potassium iodide was significantly reduced due to its mixing with the KPMK biomass in the indicated ratio, and due to this, the stability of the mixture was increased. In addition, carotene uptake was increased in this mixture.

PRI me R. In 1986-1987, at the fattening complex for the production of beef in the farms of the Krasnodar Territory,

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experiments on the use of microbiological carotene (KPMK) and iodine in fattening gobies at an early age.

The experiments were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. In the experiments, 3 groups of 20 heads of gobies of black-motley and red-steppe breed were formed. The living mass when setting up the experiments was 60-80 kg. In accordance with the anatomical and physiological development of animals and differentiated growth plans in most technological solutions, the entire production cycle is divided into four periods.

1. Milk, lasting 60-90 days. During this period, liquid milk feed (whole milk, milk replacer) is fed as the main feed. The rest of the ration is presented in the form of compound feeds-starters and hay or grass cutting, and all feeds are distributed separately. The calf feeding program in the dairy period changes every 7 days. The calf feeding system, especially in the first month, should be aimed at preserving and strengthening the protective properties of the body of the calf. Starting from the second month, the calf is gradually accustomed to plant foods .

2. Post-dairy, when young are completely transferred to plant-based feed, which stimulate the development of the pancreas and the secretion of digestive juices. Typically, feeding programs during this period include 3-4 types of feed (hay, silage, haylage, concentrates). They are fed in the form of feed mixtures, and mixed feed is used as concentrated feed.

3. Intensive growth period - characterized by active muscle growth, the formation of supporting tissues of the body and determines the subsequent level of meat productivity. Feed is fed as a feed mixture.

4. Final fattening - characterized by high average daily gains, which is achieved by using feeds with a high concentration of energy to increase the fatness of animals, slaughter yield of meat products and improve meat quality. Among the factors that determine the industrial nature of the organization of feeding livestock, the following should be noted: the use of the same type of feeding throughout the entire production cycle to stabilize the physiological functions of digestion, which is achieved

increase digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in the diet.

The type of feeding and the structure of diets have particular features depending on zonal conditions, accepted methods or systems of growing and fattening, the nature of feed production, etc.

Fattening on a silo. Corn silage does not contain enough protein, sugars, phosphorus, and sometimes calcium. Therefore, with silage, beets and concentrates should be introduced into the diet. The best results are obtained if the share of silage in the diet is up to

5 40-45% (by nutrition), and the rest are carbohydrate feed (beets, molasses, beet pulp) and concentrates (25-33%). To reduce the cost of fattening, urea should be used (45-50 g per head

0 young and up to 100 g per adult animal per day) and other protein substitutes (yeast). Corn silage is introduced into the diet at the rate of 5-7 kg per 100 kg of live weight of the animal per day.

5, defluorinated phosphate, diammonium phosphate, and other compounds containing phosphorus and calcium are used as mineral top dressing.

When feeding cattle with silage

0 specific rules. They give silage in small portions for one feeding in 2-3 doses, so that the cattle eats it completely. If necessary, the remaining silage is concentrated with concentrates, then with salt.

5 Silage is usually fed in the first two feedings. In the morning and in the afternoon, silage and part of the roughage of 1.5-2 kg per head are fed. In the evening they give more roughage.

I. Diet of tel live weight 60-100 kg. 0 Reverse-5kg.

Corn silage -0.7 kg.

Concentrates -0.3 kg.

Dry beet pulp -0.6 kg.

Alfalfa hay - 0.8 kg. 5 Yeast -0.5 kg.

KPMK-1206mg.

KU - 0.07% of KPMK, KU - 0.8 mg,

II. The ration of bodies t live weight of 100-140 kg. .

0 Reverse-4kg.

Pulp dry -1 kg.

Concentrates -1 kg,

Silo-ZKG.

Yeast -1.2 kg. 5 KPMK-2241mg.

KU - 0.055% of KPMK, KU 1.235 mg.

III. The diet of the body with a live weight of 140-215 kg.

Silo-10kg. Pulp - 1 kg.

- 1, 3 kg 0.3 kg. 1.0 kg 0.5 kg 0.05 kg 5172 mg,

KU - 0.033% of KPMK, KU 1.7 mg. The experimental design was as follows:

Group I received the main diet (OR), including: fresh feed, concentrated feed, beet pulp, alfalfa hay, corn silage, liquid yeast in the amount of 10% of dry ration instead of standard compound feed.

Group II received OP + 100% carotene norm due to KPMK (prototype)

til group received the main diet + KLMK (feed preparation of microbiological carotene} K), pZZ -0.07% KU (see table)

In the experiments, a ten-day count of eaten feed and a monthly weighing of animals was carried out.

After 80 days (experiments I and II) and 101 days (experiment III), the animals were transferred to the rearing workshop and their feeding changed due to the characteristics of the return period.

The main diet included: corn silage, beet pulp, concentrated feed, AKD, winter wheat straw, molasses, diammonium phosphate. The experimental design remained unchanged.

The second period in experiment I and II lasted 77 days, in experiment III 85 days.

Average daily growths by age are shown in table. 1.

Feed costs per 1 kg of gain in live weight for 3 experiments are given in table. 2.

Carotene uptake by gobies is given in table. 3.

As follows from the results of the experiment, better indicators were obtained in III

the group receiving the KPMK supplement, while enriching the diet of this group with iodine. Moreover, the complex supplement turned out to be especially effective against the background of diets, including fodder yeast, instead of standard compound feed in the amount of 10% of the dry matter of the diet. This regularity was most clearly manifested on older bodies (period II). In addition, in the diet of the second period in much larger quantities than in the first there was corn silage, in which carotene is difficult to access. This background has been found to be beneficial for the positive effects of microbiological carotene supplemented with iodine.

The results of the experiment were confirmed during the exchange experience. The addition of KPMK and iodine had a positive effect on the digestibility of basic nutrients and, especially, protein, as well as the deposition of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. The assimilation of carotene was better in group III, where, in addition to plant carotene, its microbiological analogue with the addition of iodine was present.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for feeding young cattle by introducing a microbiological carotene feed preparation into the main diet, characterized in that, in order to increase the gain in live weight by increasing carotene uptake, the microbiological carotene feed preparation is mixed with iodine before being introduced into the reaction potassium and potassium iodide is taken in an amount of 0.033-0.07% and the resulting mixture is introduced into the main diet in an amount of 1.21-5.17 g per head per day. Table 1 table 2 Table 3