RU1797775C - Solid organic fertilizer spreader - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the spreader comprises rotors arranged sequentially at different levels and forming two longitudinal parallel rows installed in front of the body or in front of the chopping and distribution drums, guides of adjacent rotors are installed in the body at increasing or decreasing angles to the horizon, 1 s.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to mechanical spreaders of solid organic fertilizers on a floor surface.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of a spreader of solid organic fertilizers and to increase the uniform distribution of fertilizers across the field.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a spreader of solid organic fertilizers, side view; figure 2 is the same, a top view; in Fig.3 - section aa in Fig.1; figure 4 is a diagram of a spreader of solid organic fertilizers with the location of the rotors in the rear of the body, side view; figure 5 is the same. view from above; figure 6 is a section bB in figure 4 ..

The spreader of solid organic fertilizers (Fig. 1-3) includes a body 2 mounted on the chassis 1 with a feed conveyor made of two parts 3 and 4 located at the same level and rotating in opposite directions, each part 3 and 4 of the feed conveyor being respectively in the form of two parallel branches 5, 6 and 7, 8. At the beginning of part 3 of the feed conveyor, rotors 9, 10,11 and 12,13,14 of equal diameters are mounted above branches 5 and 6, mounted respectively on horizontal shafts 15, 16 , 17 and 18, 19, 20 located The sequence and at different levels along the branches 5 and 6 of the supply conveyor and forming two parallel rows 27 and 28 which are disposed along a portion of the supply conveyor 3. The blades 21, 23, 24 and 22, 25, 26 of the rotors 9, 11, 12 and 10, 13, 14 are uniformly and sequentially offset by a certain angle, i, for example, by 15 °, the magnitude of which depends on the number of rotors in rows 27 and 28 and the number of blades in the rotors and is determined by the formula:

With

WITH

 Yu

vj vj XI SL

„360 °. 2Ni N2

where 2 is the number of rows of rotors; NI - the number of rotors in r dr

N2 - the number of blades in the rotor.

The number of NI rotors in rows depends on the capacity of the spreader. As the spreader capacity increases, the number of Ni rotors in rows 27 and 28 increases, and when the spreader capacity decreases, the number of NI rotors in rows 27 and 28 decreases.

Individual horizontal shafts 15, 17, 18 and 16, 19, 20 of each row 27 and 28 of rotors 9, 11,12 and 10, 13,14 of equal diameters are interconnected by flexible links, for example, chain gears 29, 30 and 31 , 32.

Guides 33 and 34 of adjacent rotors 9 and 10 are set at an angle av to the horizontal, subsequent guides of 35 and 36 adjacent rotors 11 and 13 are set at an angle Og to the horizon, subsequent guides 37 and 38 of adjacent rotors 12 and 14 are set at an angle Az to the horizon. The guides 33 and 34, 35 and 36, 37 and 38 are arranged sequentially at different levels and are set at increasing angles to the horizon, i.e., an angle of "1 ar" 3 within 20-40 °.

At the bottom of the body 2, guides 39 and 40 are attached to the sides, and a divider 41 is installed between the rotors 9 and 10,

Above both rows 27 and 28 of rotors 9, 11, 12 and 10, 13, 14, a reflective shield 42 is mounted. In front of both rows 27 and 28 of rotors 9, 11, 12 and. 10, 13, 14 installed equalizer 43, made in the form of a screw driven by a hydraulic motor 44,

In the rear part of the body 2, chopping 45 and distributing 46 drums are installed, which are located across the body of 2, are connected by a chain gear 47 and driven by a hydraulic motor 48. The branches 5, 6 and 7, 8 of the feed conveyor are driven by hydraulic motors 49 and 50 The drives of both rows 27 and 28 of the rotors 9, 11, 12 and 10, 13, 14 are carried out from the tractor power take-off shaft, through the driveshaft 51, gearbox 52 and two chain gears 53 and 54. The hydraulic motors 49 and 50 are driven rotation from hydraulic pumps 55 and 56 mounted on the gear 51.

The spreader of solid organic fertilizers (Fig. 1-3) works as follows.

The tractor power take-off shaft through the driveshaft 51, the gearbox 52 drives the hydraulic pumps 55 and 56, which rotate the hydraulic motors 49 and 50, the latter drive both parts 3 and 4 of the feed conveyor in opposite directions. Branches 7 and 8 move the fertilizers to the chopper 45 and the distributor 46 drums. The hydraulic motor 48 rotates the chopper drum 45, which rotates the spreading drum 46 through the chain drive 47. The chopper drum 45 grinds, and the spreading drum 46 evenly distributes the fertilizer across the field.

Branches 5 and 6 of the feed conveyor

fertilizers are moved to both rows 27 and 28 of rotors 9, 11, 12 and 10, 13, 14 of equal diameters. The hydraulic motor 44 rotates the equalizer 43, which levels the fertilizer in the body 2 at the level of the internal

5 working diameters of the rotors 12 and 14. The tractor power take-off shaft also through the driveshaft 51, gearbox 52, chain gears 53 and 54 rotates both rows 27 and 28 of the rotors 9, 11, 12 and 10, 13.

0 gear 53 rotates through rotor 9, through chain gear 29 and shaft 17 - rotor 11, through chain gear 30 and shaft 18 - rotor 12, respectively, chain gear 54 through shaft 16 rotates rotor 10, through

5 chain transmission 31 and shaft 19 — rotor 13, through chain transmission 32 and shaft 20 — rotor 14. Both rows 27 and 28 of rotors 9, 11, 12 and 10, 13, 14 with vanes 21, 23, 24 and 22, 25, 26, they fertilize, grind and grapple fertilizers along the entire height of the body 2. Adjacent rotors 9 and 10 with blades 21 and 22 throw fertilizers in both directions along guides 33 and 34 at an angle a to the horizontal, adjacent rotors 11 and. 13 blades mi 23 and 25

5 throw fertilizers along rails 35 and

36 at an angle of "2 to the horizon and adjacent

 rotors 12 and 14 blades mi 24 and 26 throw

fertilizers on rails 37 and 38 under

angle з to the horizon. Guides 33 and

0 34, 35 and 36, 37 and 38, set accordingly at angles a, ag, az to the horizontal, give the fertilizer particles different flight paths, since ni 2 2%, which increases the uniform distribution of fertilizers across the field. The rotors 11 and 12, 13 and 14 accelerate and increase the release of fertilizers from the body 2 per unit time without increasing the energy intensity and evenly distribute the fertilizers to a working width of 25-35 met5

0

5

ditch, which increases the performance of the spreader. The rotors 11 and 12, 13 and 14 provide an increase in the height of the body 2 without increasing its width and length, i.e. increase the volume of the body 2, thereby reducing the number of rides of the spreader to be loaded with fertilizers, which also increases the performance of the spreader. Rotors 11 and 13, 12 and 14 together with

rotors 9 and 10 increase the uniform distribution of fertilizers across the field.

A spreader of solid organic fertilizers (FIGS. 4-6) with a rear rotor arrangement includes a body 58 mounted on the chassis 57 with a feed conveyor made of two parts 59 and 60 arranged in series and at different levels and rotating in one direction, each part 59 and 60 of the feed conveyor are made in the form of two parallel branches 61, 62 and 63, 64, respectively. In the rear of the body 58 above the branches 63 and 64 are installed rotors 65, 66, 67.68 and 69.70 of equal diameters, fixed respectively on horizontal shaft x 71, 72, 73 and 74, 75, 76, the rotors are arranged sequentially and at different levels along the branches 63 and 64 of the feed conveyor and form two parallel rows 83 and 84 of the rotors 65, 67, 68 and 66, 69, 70 equal diameters that are located along part 60 of the feed conveyor. The blades 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 of the rotors 65, 67, 68, 66, 69, 70 are uniformly and sequentially offset by a certain angle, for example by 15 °, the magnitude of which depends on the number of rotors in rows 83 and 84 and the number of blades in the rotors and is determined by the formula:

A.-zedr.

2 Mi N2

where 2 is the number of rows of rotors;

NI is the number of rotors in series;

N2 - the number of blades in the rotor.

The number of NI rotors in rows depends on the capacity of the spreader. As the spreader capacity increases, the number of NI rotors in rows 83 and 84 increases, and when the spreader capacity increases, the number of NI rotors in rows 83 and 84 decreases.

The individual horizontal shafts .71, 73, 74 and 72, 75, 76 are interconnected by flexible links, e.g. chain gears 85, 86 and 87, 88.

The guides 89 and 90 of the adjacent rotors 65 and 66 are installed at an angle α to the horizontal, the subsequent guides 91 and 92 of the adjacent rotors 67 and 69 are installed at an angle a to the horizontal, the subsequent guides 93 and 94 of the adjacent rotors 68 and 70 are installed at angle to the horizon. The guides 89 and 90, 91 and 92, 93 and 94 are arranged sequentially at different levels and are set at decreasing angles to the horizontal, i.e., the angle

si o & oz within 40-20 °. A reflective shield 95 is installed above both rows 83 and 84 of the rotors 65, 67, 68 and 66. 69, 70. In front of both rows 83 and 84 of the rotors 65, 67. 68 and 66, 69, 70, an equalizer 96 is installed, made in the form a screw driven by a hydraulic motor 97. In the rear of the body 58 behind two rows 83. and 84 rotors 65, 67, 68 and 66. 69.70 mounted chopping 98 and distributing 99 drums, which are located across the body 58, are connected by a chain transmission 100 and driven by a hydraulic motor 101. Branches 61 and 62, 63 and 64 of the feed conveyor are driven

the movement of the hydraulic motors 102 and 103 from the hydraulic pumps 108 and 109 mounted on the gearbox 105. Both rows 83 and 84 of the rotors 65, 67, 68 and 66, 69, 70 are driven from the tractor power take-off shaft

cardan shaft 104, gearbox 105, hydraulic pumps 106 and. 107, hydraulic motors 110 and 111 and chain transmissions 85, 86 and 87, 88.

Spreader of solid organic fertilizers (Fig.4-6) C. rear position. The rotor em works as follows.

The tractor power take-off shaft through the driveshaft 104, the gearbox 105 rotates the hydraulic pumps 106, 107, 108, 109, which drive the hydraulic motors 102, 103 and 110, 111, respectively. The hydraulic motors 102 and 103 drive the branches 61, 62 and 63 , 64 feed conveyors that move the fertilizer. To both rows 83 and 84 of rotors 65, 67, 68 and 66, 69, 70 equal

diameters and to grinding 98 and distributing 99 drums. The hydraulic motor 110 rotates the rotor 65 through the shaft 71, through the chain transmission 85 and the shaft 73 - the rotor 67 and through the chain transmission 86 and the shaft 74 - the rotor 68.

The hydraulic motor 111 rotates the rotor 66 through the shaft 72, through the chain gear 87 and the shaft 75 - the rotor 69 and through the chain gear 88 and the shaft 76 - the rotor 70. The hydraulic motor 97 rotates the equalizer 96, which aligns the fertilizer in the body 58 at the level of the internal working diameters of the rotors 68 and 70. Both rows 83 and 84 of the rotors 65, 67, 68 and 66, 69, 70 with blades 77, 78, 79 and 80, 81, 82 are milled, ground and grabbed in parallel

fertilizers. Adjacent rotors 65 and 66 with vanes 77 and 80 sweep fertilizers on both sides along rails 89 and 90 at an angle of “1 to the horizontal, adjacent rotors 67 and 69 with vanes 78 and 81 throw fertilizers in both

the sides along the rails 91 and 92 at an angle г r to the horizontal and adjacent rotors 68 and 70 with the vanes 79 and 82 throw fertilizers in both directions along the rails 93 and 94 at an angle «from the horizontal. Guides 89 and

90, 91 and 92, 93 and 94, set to the horizon, respectively, at angles "1, 2," 3. give fertilizer particles different flight paths, since a, which increases the uniformity of fertilizer distribution over the field. Rotors of equal diameters 67 and 69, 68 and 70 accelerate and increase the fertilizer emission from the body 58 per unit of time §without increasing energy consumption and distribute fertilizers to a working width of 20-35 meters, which increases the performance of the spreader. Rotors 67 and 68, 69 and 70 increase the height of the body 58, i.e. increase the volume of the body without increasing its width and length, thereby reducing the number of travels and loads of the fertilizer spreaders and therefore also increasing the performance of the spreaders. Both rows 83 and 84 of the rotors 65, 67, 68 and 66, 69, 70, due to the rotors 67, 69 and 68, 70, increase the uniform distribution of fertilizers over the field.

The invention allows to increase the performance of the spreader and the uniform distribution of fertilizers by increasing the emission of fertilizer mass per unit time without increasing energy consumption, increasing the height of the body, thereby reducing the number of rides for loading the fertilizer spreaders.

The chopping and spreading drums evenly distribute the fertilizers, since two rows of rotors mounted in front of the body or in front of the chopping and spreading drums do not interfere with their operation.

Two rows of rotors throw fertilizers in both directions along the rails, which are installed at increasing and decreasing angles to the horizon, which give the fertilizer particles different

Claims (2)

1. A spreader of solid organic fertilizers containing a chassis on which a body with a feed conveyor is mounted, chopping and distributing drums installed in the rear body parts, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity, it is equipped with two rows of rotors mounted along the feed conveyor in series at different levels in the front of the body or in front of the chopping and distribution drums. 2. The spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the uniformity of the distribution of fertilizers, it is provided with guides, while the guides of adjacent rotors are mounted at increasing or decreasing angles to the horizontal. FIG. FIG. 2 Figl Fi. 5