RU1793958C - Roll crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: crushing of wood materials. The inventive roll crusher contains a housing with bearing bearings 2 and drive rolls 4. The rolls of the same design consist of a shaft 7 with a thread 8, gear disks 11 and spacer sleeves 12 are mounted on it, which are fixed with a tight disc element 13 and a thrust element 14. Moreover, the distance bushings 15 in contact with the fixing elements have diametrically located grooves on the inner surface, and the shaft 7 has spherical recesses where the balls 16 are installed at half their meter. 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to a device for the production of wood chips from wood materials, mainly from waste from forestry production and wood processing, and can be used in enterprises of the forest, wood chemical and wood processing industries.

A device for chopping wood waste is known, comprising two drive rolls rotating towards each other, mounted on a frame in bearing bearings in parallel, each of which is equipped with an individual drive and comprises a shaft with gear disks mounted on it along a helical line and separated by distance bushings. One end of each shaft has a thrust ring and the other is threaded for a tightening nut. Disks are fixed to the shafts due to thermal expansion.

The known device has the following main disadvantages.

The design of the roll is non-separable under operating conditions, since the gear discs are mounted on a shaft that is preheated to a certain temperature (not specified in the patent and know-how) and after installing all the discs and spacer sleeves, a nut is installed on the threaded end of the shaft and fix it. As follows from the description of the patent, if the helix is broken during operation or if the teeth of the disks break, the roll needs to be replaced, which requires the purchase of a spare roll or its shipment to the manufacturer, which naturally significantly increases capital and operating costs.

To replace the roll, it is necessary to carry out a large amount of dismantling work, since for this it is necessary to dismantle a number of units, and when the lower roll fails (see fig. Patent) the upper roll is also removed. These works can only be performed with a lifting gear.

A device is also known that includes a frame in which two rolls are mounted in parallel with disks mounted on shafts having a tooth located along a helix, with threaded elements fixed on the shaft from both ends. This device is also not without flaws. One of the main disadvantages is the low reliability, since if solid objects (stones, metal) get into the crusher, one or several gear discs can rotate relative to the shaft and, due to friction forces, rotate mounted on the threaded section of the shaft

lingering elements. In the case of a shaft with a right-hand thread, excessive tightening of the discs and locking of the latter relative to the shaft may occur, which may

damage the teeth of the disc in contact with a solid object.

With the left thread, the locking element is rolled off the shaft, the stress state of the discs is removed and the crusher

0 is inoperative. The second significant drawback of the known device is the inability to maintain the screw set during adjustment when tightening, since the disk nut is fixed during tightening, and friction force is transmitted through the remote sleeve to the disks and random random movement occurs when the shaft rotates with the disks

0 discs relative to the shaft. Therefore, to install the helix of the disks, it is necessary to carry out its adjustment and tightening several times, satisfying even the approximate state of a normal helical

5 lines. A helix is considered normal if a certain step is maintained for all disks and the angle of inclination corresponding to more efficient grinding of certain materials (timber waste, lower storage waste, osmol, building formwork with a large layer of cement, etc.).

Closer in technical essence is a device comprising two

5 parallel mounted rolls, each of which consists of a shaft with removable cutting rings mounted on it, clamped to the shaft shoulder by a nut through the pressure sleeve.

0 The known device is also not without drawbacks. It has the same disadvantages, namely low reliability and relatively high energy costs. The push button available in this unit

5, when the gear discs are tightened, the hub rotates freely on the shaft and transmits torque to these discs; therefore, the contour of the helical line of the teeth also breaks when tightened. In addition, tightening gear

0 disks to the thrust element rigidly fixed on the shaft leads to a violation of the stability of the gaps between the adjacent planes of the gear disks of both rolls and the breakage of these disks.

5 Under these conditions, axial tightening of all mating elements (gear discs and spacer sleeves) is not necessary. For high-efficiency torque transmission, ballscrews are used which

provide high axial stiffness and have a number of other advantages.

The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability and reduce energy costs by unconditionally preserving the adjusted helical line while tightening the working elements of the roll.

This goal is achieved in that in the known device, comprising a housing with bearing bearings, in which two counter-rotating rolls with crushing elements are mounted in parallel in the form of gear discs and alternating spacer sleeves freely mounted on the shaft between the threaded threaded stop element according to the invention, at one end and through the pressure sleeve a threaded element at the other end, the role of the pressure sleeve is played by a conventional spacer sleeve with internal surfaces with at least two grooves, and the shaft against the corresponding grooves has spherical recesses, where balls are installed during installation, which provide free, without jamming, movement of the spacer sleeve on the shaft when exposed to a threaded tightening element in the form of a disk nut and at the same time time high radial stiffness.

Figure 1 shows the proposed roll crusher, plan view; figure 2 - shaft structure, enlarged; in Fig.3 - section aa in Fig.2.

The roll crusher for grinding wood materials includes a housing 1 on which rollers 3 and 4 are mounted in parallel with each other in the bearing supports 2 with independent drives 5 and 6. The rollers 3 and 4 are of the same design and each of them consists of a shaft 7 with threaded sections 8 and 9 at opposite ends. Crushing elements are put on the shaft 7, which are alternating toothed disks 11 and spacer sleeves 12. The crushing elements are fixed on the shaft 7 between the clamping threaded elements, which are the disk nut 13 and the nut 14, and the spacers in contact with these elements the bushings 15 have diametrically located grooves on the inner surface, and the shaft 7 has spherical recesses located respectively against the grooves and at least one third from the threaded portions 8 and 9 of the shaft. ionic bushings 15 mounted in the spherical recess beads 16, one half of which are recessed into the shaft 7, and the second input into the respective slots 15. Sleeves

Depending on the design features and power of the crusher drive on the shaft, several rows of recesses parallel to the shaft axis 5 can be made, as well as several diametrically located grooves, the number of which must be a multiple of two. Therefore, with a small drive power of the crusher, the minimum amount is diametrically

There are two located grooves in the spacer sleeve, and one recess is located on the shaft from opposite sides, i.e. for two balls. The total groove depth and the corresponding depth of hardening should be equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the balls, since in this case the ball works most efficiently, at the same time in contact with the shaft and the sleeve, and the resulting stresses are directed

0 at an acute angle to the tangent that cuts the ball.

In this case, if the ball is buried in the shaft, for example, by 2/3 of the diameter, spacer loads will be applied to the spacer sleeve during operation, since the resulting stresses in this case will be perpendicular to the aforementioned tangent and jamming of the sleeve on the shaft is possible. So use one

0 element of ball screw gears is a ball, but applying it in the form of a longitudinal bearing, which withstands high radial loads and provides free axial movement of the spacer sleeve with repeated adjustment of the helix during operation. To install the discs, it is necessary to unscrew the disk nut and slide the distance bushings along the shaft towards the threaded section for

0 in order to remove from the discs the stress factor: the condition, and they can be freely rotated relative to each other by the necessary angle.

To fix the disk nut 13 on the housing

5 1 there are brake devices 17.

The crusher works as follows.

Wood material, for example, waste from forestry production, is fed into a loading hopper (not shown), and includes drives 5 and 6 of rolls 3 and 4, which rotate towards each other. Toothed discs 11 interact with the wood and chop it.

5 In case of violation of the established contour of the helical line of the teeth 11 act as follows.

The disk nut 13 is braked with respect to the crusher body 1 by the brake device 1-7 (its description is beyond

of this application), turn on the drive 5 or 6 of the corresponding roll to reverse and, by rotating the shaft 7, the disk nut 13 is unscrewed. After that, the spacer sleeve 15 freely moves along the balls 16 towards the threaded section 8 of the shaft 7, and the disks 11 the bushings 12 are freed from the stress state and they can be freely rotated with respect to the shaft 7, setting up the helical line of the gear disks 1.1 necessary for processing certain materials. After that, the brake nut 13 is fixed again with the brake device 17 relative to the housing 1 and the drive of this roll is turned on for a working stroke. In this case, the shaft 7 rotates together with the disk pack 1.1 and the distance sleeves 12, while the axial force on this package is transmitted through the distance sleeve 15, with which the disk nut 13 interacts. Due to the fact that both distance sleeves 15 do not transmit to the disk packet torque, and only axial pressure is created, haphazard, random displacement of the disks 11 from the helix installed during commissioning is excluded, which ensures

crusher high performance.

This technical solution allows, without complicated tools and special equipment, to produce spherical grooves on the shaft by drilling, to use conventional spacers, and to make grooves on mortising or planing machines. As regards the reliability of such an axially movable joint, the tangential stresses when tightening the disk nut that create radial loads are an order of magnitude less than axial. Should however

to note that with the tightening of the whole package, the radial forces decrease and the extreme distance bushings 15 with grooves carry the same load as the regular distance bushings 12, which ensures

equal reliability of all roll elements.

Using the proposed design allows the shaft of the same diameter to be made without steps of the threaded and main cylindrical parts and to simplify the operation of crushers.

Claims (1)

Gain Formula Roll crusher, mainly for grinding wood materials, comprising a housing with bearing supports, two counter-rotating rolls mounted therein with crushing elements in the form of gear discs alternating with distance bushings, a stop element for fixing the bush at one end of each shaft and a tight element a disk for fixing the sleeve on the other threaded end of each shaft, and the tooth on the rolls are located along a helical line, gear the disks of one roll are located opposite the bushings of another roll, and the bushings in contact with the thrust element and the tightening element-disk are made with radial grooves and balls in them, so that, in order to increase performance and simplify the design, the grooves in the bushings are diametrically located, the shafts opposite the grooves have spherical recesses located in a row in the axial direction of the distance from the thread on the shaft equal to at least 1/3 of the thickness of the tightened disk element, and the balls are deepened in grooves 1/2 of their dia tra. FIG. 5