RU1788263C - Method for refuse disposal - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used 2 in the formation and reclamation of dumps in open cast mining. The purpose of the invention is to increase profitability by reducing dust emissions. Pioneer mounds are oriented parallel to the direction of the prevailing wind in the area. Species of rocks are sprinkled in the order of decreasing specific dust emission index. Dams form at an acute angle to the axis in the opposite direction to the prevailing wind from the windward side of each embankment. And first they form a dam from the side of the dead end, and subsequent dams form with a deceleration relative to the previous one in the direction of the prevailing wind. The windward slopes of dams from the side of the dead end are flattening. 1 s.p. f-ly, 5 ill. (L t

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the formation and reclamation of dumps in open cast mining.

A known method of dumping, including the construction in the central part of the land allotment of a pioneer embankment with an inclined ramp, delivering it to the place of dumping dump waste and laying them in a dump by dumping onto the slopes of the longitudinal sides of the pioneer embankment with the front of the dumping work moving from the pioneer embankment to the area boundaries land allotment.

The disadvantages of such a dumping method include;

a) the need to postpone the terms of remediation for a period commensurate with the time of completion of the formation of the dump in the design contours; b) gross xapaxtep of stockpile storage; c) significant emissions of dust into the environment during wind erosion.

There is a known method of dumping in open pit mining of mineral deposits, in which dump rocks are dumped in a circular pattern from the periphery of the dump to the center with parallel flattening and reclamation of slope zones. As a result, dust emissions from the blade during wind erosion are significantly reduced.

The disadvantages of this method are: the impossibility of separately laying overburden of various mineralogical composition in the dump; low performance

XI 00 00

u o

SL

works and receiving ability of a dump; the need to completely remove the land allotment for the dump before the beginning of its formation and the assignment of the terms of reclamation to the end of the formation of the first (lower) bed of the dump.

Closest to the proposed one is a method of jointly separate dumping in open pit mining of mineral deposits, which includes dumping a pioneer embankment from step-type overburden varieties in the transverse and longitudinal directions with increasing step height from the entrance to the dead end to the maximum height according to the stability factor . In this case, the formation of a dump is recommended by dumping varieties of overburden by approaching the slopes of the longitudinal sides of the indicated pioneer embankment with the accelerated development of transverse dividing dams on both sides of the pioneer embankment.

A disadvantage of the known method is: the need to postpone the time of landfill reclamation until the land allotment area is filled to the height of the lower bed of the landfill and, as a result, dusting of territories adjacent to the land allotment due to wind erosion of waste rocks. In this case, the total mass of dust emissions will continuously increase with the increase in the dump area and reach, by the time the formation of the first bed of the dump of dozens, even thousands of kg per hectare of the area adjacent to the dump of territories is completed, in a radius of 25-30 km. According to VNIIIBTG, specific dust emissions of the surface of dumps at a wind speed of 5 m / s vary depending on the size of soil particles, their mineralogical composition and humidity from 1 to 6 mg / (sec. M).

In addition, this method of dumping is characterized by a decrease in the productivity of dump equipment and an increase in the cost of dumping due to the need to install several dump excavators on one railway dead end (one excavator per one kind of dump rocks),

The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency by reducing dust emissions into the atmosphere.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of dumping, including the formation of pioneer embankments in steps along one axis from the entrance to the dead end with selective dumping of various types of rocks into the embankment, the formation of dams on both sides, followed by

the dumping of dump rocks the axis of the embankment is oriented parallel to the direction of the prevailing wind in the area, the varieties of rocks are dumped in the order of decreasing specific dust emission index, dams are formed at an acute angle to the axis in the direction opposite to the direction of the prevailing wind from the windward side of each embankment,

0 first form a dam on the side of the dead end, and subsequent dams form with a deceleration relative to the previous one in the direction of the prevailing wind.

Windward slope from the dead end

5 flatten.

In FIG. 1 shows a plan of a dump at the time of completion of the formation of the first cycle of filling the windproof dams; in FIG. 2 is a section along AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 0 incision along BB; in FIG. 4 - plan dump the intermediate stage of dumping; in FIG. 5 is a section along BB in FIG. AND.

The following notation is accepted in the drawing: 1 - wind direction in the contours

5 land allotment; 2 - entry to the first step of the pioneer embankment; 3 - horizontal platform of the first stage; 4 - an inclined part of the second stage of the embankment; 5 - horizontal platform of the second stage; 6 - inclined part of the third stage of the embankment; 7 - horizontal platform of the third stage; 8,9,10- windproof dams; 11 - shrubs in areas of reclamation of non-working slopes of the dump; 12 - overlying (second)

5 rus dump.

The method is carried out as follows.

Based on the results of long-term meteorological observations, the wind direction 1, prevailing in the contours of the land allotment of the dump, is determined at speeds of at least 3 m / s and the expected specific dust emissions for each of the varieties of open rock sent for joint-separate storage in the dump are determined. The optimal height of the dumping bed is established for each variety of dump rocks (Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section of the dump along

0 BB for three varieties of rocks, indicated by the degree of increase in the mass of specific dust emissions by the numbers I, I, III). In the direction parallel to the prevailing wind direction 1, a pioneer embankment with entrance 2 and a horizontal platform 3 of the first stage from the differences of rocks III with the maximum specific dust emission falls off. After that, the inclined part 4 of the second stage of the embankment is poured from overburden II rocks and horizontal

platform 5 of this step. And finally, the third step of the pioneer embankment is formed from overburden rocks III with an inclined part b and a horizontal platform 7. The length of each stage is determined taking into account the difference volumes of overburden rocks sent to the dump, and their stability is ensured by flattening slopes.

Taking into account the fact that the strength properties of the rocks in most cases are characterized by an inverse correlation with the value of specific dust emissions, the height of each step of the pioneer embankment (and, accordingly, dump beds) can be taken as the maximum overburden stable for each breed of rocks when they are formed at natural angles slopes.

After filling the pioneer embankment in the given parameters, they begin to create windbreak dams 8, 9 and 10.

Windbreak dams 8, 9 and 10 are poured under sharp (preferably at angles of 25 - 35 °) angles to the longitudinal axis of the pioneer embankment on both sides of the latter. The width of the windbreak dams on top is determined by the parameters of the dump and transport equipment. The windproof dam 8 in the longitudinal direction is dumped ahead of the windproof dam 9. Accordingly, the windbreak 9 is formed ahead of the windproof dam 10:

The extension of the windbreak dams 8, 9.10 along their axes is carried out cyclically, in sections of 100 to 300 m. After the windbreak dam 8 is sprinkled over the length of the first cycle of its formation, they begin laying on the leeward slopes of the overburden. At the same time, from the windward side of the dam, a non-working slope is recultivated with planting, for example, shrubs 11.

Dumping of the overlying Rus 12 of the dump (Fig. 4) is carried out according to the previously indicated scheme with the placement of overburden rocks on the upper areas of the underlying dump 5 Rus.

The formation of the dump according to the claimed method is preferably carried out using mobile equipment (wheel loaders) with the delivery of overburden to the dump by rail.

The proposed method allows 3 times to reduce dust emissions from the blade on the territory adjacent to the land allotment area, and also reduce to a minimum

Claims (2)

5 gap between dumping the dump and its reclamation. In this way, the economics of dumping are achieved by reducing dust emissions into the atmosphere. The claims 0 1. The method of dumping, including the formation of pioneer embankments in steps along one axis from the entrance, to a dead end with selective dumping in the embankment of various species of rocks, forming 5 on both sides of the embankment of dams, subsequent dumping of dump rocks, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency by reducing dust emissions into the atmosphere, the axis of the embankment is oriented parallel to the direction of the prevailing wind in the area, varieties of rocks are dumped in order of decreasing specific dust, dams form at an acute angle to the axis in the direction opposite to the direction of the prevailing wind from the windward side of each embankment, and first they form a dam from the side of the dead end, and the subsequent ones Mbytes form with a deceleration relative to the previous one in the direction of the prevailing wind. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the windward slope of the dam from the dead end is flattened. CT -vJ H FROM M. from