RU2803790C1 - Method for reclamation of a rocky rectangular dump - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: development of deposits by an open method and restoration of areas disturbed by open mining, used in the construction of rock dumps. The method for reclamation of a rocky rectangular dump includes preparation of the lower base of the dump body along the terrain, laying waste in a dump, forming outer slopes of tiers of rock rectangular dump is performed with reclamation along the perimeter subtiers 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18-22°, with a slope of the sites towards the body of the dump, cover them with a fertile soil layer (FSL), followed by sowing grasses and planting seedlings. Preparation of the lower base of the dump body along the terrain is performed by removing the FSL by bulldozer for the optimal entry along the border of the dump and its laying in perimeter storage warehouse next to the projected rectangular dump. The remaining part of the FSP within the boundaries of the lower base of the dump body is placed by a bulldozer in piles, followed by loading it with hydraulic excavator in vehicles and export for laying in a permanent storage warehouse at the entrance embankment of the rock dump. Within mining reclamation of external slopes of tiers with a hydraulic excavator installed at the warehouse along the perimeter, cover soil layer on the upstream second outer slope with subsequent dumping of the FSP into the collar on the upstair subtier, a soil layer is formed on it with the same excavator, and similarly, the vertical movement of the FSL is continued from the bottom up, applying the soil layer.

EFFECT: improving environmental efficiency of the backfilled rock dump covered with a fertile soil layer.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Technical field

The proposed method relates to mining, in particular to open-pit mining and restoration of areas disturbed by open-pit mining, and can be used in the reclamation of rock dumps.

State of the art

A known method for the reclamation of a rock dump (patent RU 2763561, IPC E21S 41/32, Published: 12/30/2021 Bulletin No. 1), including laying waste in a dump, covering it with a fertile layer of soil and sowing grass, and laying the waste in a dump is carried out by G- shaped at the quarry, cover the dump with an advancing front from the periphery with a fertile layer of soil from two warehouses for permanent storage of the fertile soil layer: an L-shaped one on the safety berm of the quarry side, taken within the boundaries of the rock dump, and a rectangular shape, taken within the boundaries of the quarry, formation permanent storage warehouses are carried out in the following sequence: strips are allocated for removing the fertile soil layer (FSL) with a bulldozer to concentrate it in piles, followed by loading by an excavator onto a conveyor to move the FSL to the place of permanent storage and laying with a spreader in strips on the territory of the FSL warehouse until it is applied to rock dump, at the final stage of mining technical reclamation after the completion of mining work, PSP from warehouses is loaded with EKG-5A excavators through a self-propelled hopper onto a conveyor and dumped using a dumper, and then a bulldozer is used to level the soil layer applied to the surface of the dump.

The disadvantage of this known method is the low environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump.

The closest method of forming a rock dump with an environmentally friendly focus is known (Technology of reclamation and development of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: Siberian Federal University, 2015. - 309 p., p. 93), including the implementation preparation of the lower base of the dump body according to the landscape of the area, backfilling of the dump body, formation of external slopes of the tiers of the rock dump, with simultaneous reclamation along the perimeter in sub-tiers of 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18-22°, with the slope of the sites towards the dump body, covered fertile layer and biological reclamation.

The disadvantage of the closest method is the low environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump.

Disclosure of the Invention

The technical result is to increase the environmental efficiency of a reclaimed rock dump covered with a fertile soil layer.

This technical result is achieved in a method for reclamation of a rectangular rock dump, which includes preparing the lower base of the dump body according to the landscape of the area, laying waste in the dump, forming external slopes of the tiers of a rectangular rock dump, with reclamation along the perimeter in sub-tiers of 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18 -22°, with the slope of the sites towards the dump body, they are covered with a fertile layer of soil (FSL), followed by sowing grass and planting seedlings, and the preparation of the lower base of the dump body according to the terrain is carried out by removing the FSL with a bulldozer for optimal entry along the border of the dump and laying it into a permanent storage warehouse along the perimeter next to the designed rectangular dump, the remaining part of the PSP within the boundaries of the lower base of the dump body is placed into piles by a bulldozer, followed by loading it with a hydraulic excavator into vehicles and transporting it to a permanent storage warehouse at the entrance embankment of the rock dump, as part of the mining technical reclamation of the external slopes of the tiers, with a hydraulic excavator installed at the warehouse along the perimeter, apply a soil layer to the higher external slope with subsequent transfer of the PSP into a pile on the higher platform of the sub-tier, on it the same excavator forms a soil layer, and similarly continue the vertical movement of the PSP from the bottom up, applying the soil layer.

Distinctive features are:

preparation of the lower base of the dump body according to the terrain is carried out by removing the PSP with a bulldozer for optimal entry along the border of the dump and placing it in a permanent storage warehouse along the perimeter next to the designed rectangular dump, this increases the environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump in the form of rational use of fuel by working equipment and emissions in atmosphere;

the remaining part of the PSP within the boundaries of the lower base of the dump body is placed into piles by a bulldozer, followed by loading it with a hydraulic excavator into vehicles and transporting it to a permanent storage warehouse at the entrance embankment of the rock dump, which increases the environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump in the form of rational use of fuel by working equipment and emissions into the atmosphere;

As part of the mining-technical reclamation of the outer slopes of the tiers, a hydraulic excavator installed at the perimeter of the warehouse applies a soil layer to the higher outer slope with subsequent transfer of PSP into a pile at the higher site of the subtier, this increases the environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump in the form of rational use of fuel by working equipment and emissions into the atmosphere during reclamation;

on the higher platform of the subtier, the same excavator forms a soil layer, and similarly continues the vertical movement of the PSP from the bottom up, applying the soil layer, which increases the environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump in the form of rational use of fuel by working equipment and emissions into the atmosphere during reclamation.

A comparison of the proposed solution with an analogue and a prototype did not allow us to identify in them the features that distinguish the proposed solution, which allows us to conclude that it meets the “novelty” criterion.

Brief description of the drawing

In fig. a fragment of rectangular rock dump reclamation is presented, including: 1 - dump body; 2 - lower base of the dump body according to the terrain; 3 - covering the outer slope of the tier with a fertile layer of soil; 4 - permanent storage warehouse for PSP nearby along the perimeter of the designed rectangular dump; 5 - collar on the sub-tier platform; 6 - PSP coating of the subtier site; 7 - vertical movement of the PSP from bottom to top, applying a soil layer.

Carrying out the invention

An example of the invention. The structure of the complex mechanization of the dump site, with the simultaneous formation of reclamation of the rock layer of the dump, provides for the use of: one T-170 bulldozer and one hydraulic excavator of the “backhoe” model with a bucket with a capacity of 1.5-2.0 m ³ as the main excavation mechanism, used for loading the fertile soil layer. To prepare the lower base 2 of the dump body 1 according to the terrain, the PSP is removed with a T-170 bulldozer to an optimal length along the border of the dump. The PSP is laid in a permanent storage warehouse 4 along the perimeter next to the designed rectangular dump. The remaining part of the PSP within the boundaries of the lower base 2 of the dump body 1 with the T-170 bulldozer is placed into piles with subsequent loading by a hydraulic excavator into dump trucks with a lifting capacity of 18-20 tons. For removal and placement in a permanent storage warehouse at the entrance embankment of the rock dump, another T bulldozer is used -170. The height of the rock dump tier was 10 m, and the height of the reclaimed tier was 5 m, which corresponds to the equipment used in mining operations. This work is carried out with one T-170 bulldozer, which receives mining dump trucks from overburden excavators along the entrance embankment and forms a suppressed dump front. With a lag of 30-50 m from the embankment of the tier, an additional T-170 bulldozer moves from this tier under the tier with reclaimed platform 6 with a slope towards the dump body [3]. As part of the mining-technical reclamation of the external slopes of the tiers, a hydraulic excavator installed at the warehouse 4 along the perimeter applies soil layer 3 to the higher external slope, followed by transfer of PSP to the pile 5 on the higher platform of the sub-tier, then the excavator installed on this site forms the soil layer 6, and similarly continue the vertical movement of PSP 7 from bottom to top, applying the soil layer. The simultaneous formation of reclamation along the perimeter of the outer slope of the rock dump increases the environmental efficiency of the dumped rock dump, due to the urgent reduction of dust on the slopes during mining operations.

This type of reclamation of a rectangular rock dump increases the environmental efficiency of the dumped rock dump in the form of rational use of fuel by working equipment and emissions into the atmosphere during reclamation.

Information sources:

1. Patent RU 2763561, IPC E21S 41/32, Published: 12/30/2021 Bull. No. 1.

2. Technology of reclamation and improvement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015. - 309 p., p. 93.

Claims (1)

A method for reclamation of a rectangular rock dump, including preparing the lower base of the dump body according to the landscape of the area, laying waste in the dump, forming external slopes of tiers of a rectangular rock dump with reclamation along the perimeter in sub-tiers of 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18-22° with the slope of the sites towards the dump body, covering them with a fertile layer of soil (FSL), followed by sowing grass and planting seedlings, characterized in that the preparation of the lower base of the dump body according to the landscape of the area is carried out by removing the FSL with a bulldozer for optimal entry along the border of the dump and placing it in a permanent storage warehouse along the perimeter next to the designed rectangular dump, the remaining part of the PSP within the boundaries of the lower base of the dump body is placed into piles by a bulldozer, followed by loading it with a hydraulic excavator into vehicles and transporting it to a permanent storage warehouse at the entrance embankment of the rock dump, as part of the mining reclamation of the external slopes of the tiers Using a hydraulic excavator installed at the warehouse along the perimeter, a soil layer is applied to the higher external slope, followed by transfer of the PSP into a pile on the higher platform of the sub-tier, a soil layer is formed on it with the same excavator and the vertical movement of the PSP is similarly continued from the bottom up, applying the soil layer.