RU2803791C1 - Method for reclamation of a rocky elliptical dump - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: development of deposits by an open method and restoration of areas disturbed by open mining, used in the construction of rock dumps. The method of reclamation of rock elliptical dump includes preparing the lower base of the dump body along the terrain, laying waste in the dump. Outer slopes of tiers of the rock elliptical dump are formed with reclamation along the perimeter by the subtiers 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18-22°, with the slope of the platforms towards the body of the dump. They are covered with a fertile soil layer (FSL), followed by sowing grasses and planting seedlings. Preparation of the lower base of the dump body along the terrain is performed by removing the FSL by bulldozer for the optimal entry along the border of the elliptical dump and its laying in perimeter storage warehouse next to the projected rectangular dump. The remaining part of the FSL within the boundaries of the lower base of the dump body is placed by a bulldozer in piles, followed by loading it with hydraulic excavator in vehicles and export for laying in a permanent storage warehouse at the entrance embankment of the elliptical rock dump. As part of mining reclamation of external slope of tiers by a dragline excavator installed at the site of the lower subtier, the FSL from the warehouse is placed around the perimeter: on the downstream outer slope, on the platform of the lower subtier, on the higher external slope, on the platform of the higher sub-level, and the FSL is transshipped into the collar at the higher platform of the subtier. The dragline excavator is installed on the subtier platform above with the formed FSL collar and of the FSL is vertically moved from the bottom up, applying the FSL.

EFFECT: improving environmental efficiency of the backfilled rock dump covered with a fertile soil layer.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Technical field

The proposed method relates to mining, in particular to open-pit mining and restoration of areas disturbed by open-pit mining, and can be used in the reclamation of rock dumps.

State of the art

There is a known method for the reclamation of a rock dump (patent RU 2763561, MPK E21S 41/32, Published: 12/30/2021 Bulletin No. 1), including laying waste in a dump, covering it with a fertile layer of soil and sowing grass, and laying the waste in a dump is carried out by G- shaped at the quarry, cover the dump with an advancing front from the periphery with a fertile layer of soil from two warehouses for permanent storage of the fertile soil layer: an L-shaped one on the safety berm of the quarry side, taken within the boundaries of the rock dump, and a rectangular shape, taken within the boundaries of the quarry, formation permanent storage warehouses are carried out in the following sequence: strips are allocated for removing the fertile soil layer (FSL) with a bulldozer to concentrate it in piles, followed by loading by an excavator onto a conveyor to move the FSL to the place of permanent storage and laying with a spreader in strips on the territory of the FSL warehouse until it is applied to rock dump, at the final stage of mining technical reclamation after the completion of mining work, PSP from warehouses is loaded with EKG-5A excavators through a self-propelled hopper onto a conveyor and dumped using a dumper, and then a bulldozer is used to level the soil layer applied to the surface of the dump.

The disadvantage of this known method is the low environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump.

The closest method of forming a rock dump with an environmentally friendly focus is known (Technology of reclamation and development of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: Siberian Federal University, 2015. - 309 p., p. 93), including the implementation preparation of the lower base of the dump body according to the landscape of the area, backfilling of the dump body, formation of external slopes of the tiers of the rock dump, with simultaneous reclamation along the perimeter in sub-tiers of 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18-22°, with the slope of the sites towards the dump body, covered fertile layer and biological reclamation.

The disadvantage of the closest method is the low environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump.

Disclosure of the Invention

The technical result is to increase the environmental efficiency of a reclaimed rock dump covered with a fertile soil layer.

This technical result is achieved in a method for reclamation of an elliptical rock dump, which includes preparing the lower base of the dump body according to the landscape of the area, laying waste in the dump, forming external slopes of the tiers of the elliptical rock dump, which is carried out with reclamation along the perimeter in sub-tiers of 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18 -22°, with the slope of the sites towards the dump body, they are covered with a fertile layer of soil (FSL), followed by sowing grass and planting seedlings, and when preparing the lower base of the dump body according to the terrain, the FSL is initially removed with a bulldozer to the optimal length along the border ellipsoidal dump and laying it in a permanent storage warehouse along the perimeter next to the designed dump; in the second stage, the remaining part of the PSP within the boundaries of the lower base of the dump body is placed into piles by a bulldozer, followed by loading it with a hydraulic excavator into vehicles and transporting it to a permanent storage warehouse at the entrance embankment ellipsoidal rock dump, as part of the mining technical reclamation of the outer slopes of the tiers, a dragline excavator installed on the site of the lower subtier, applies a soil layer from the warehouse along the perimeter: on the lower outer slope, on the site of the lower subtier, on the higher outer slope, on the site of the higher subtier, and also the PSP is transferred into a pile at a higher site of the subtier, then a dragline excavator is installed on the subtier site above the formed PSP pile and similarly the vertical movement of the PSP is performed from bottom to top, applying the soil layer.

Distinctive features are:

when preparing the lower base of the dump body according to the landscape of the area, they initially remove the PSP with a bulldozer to the optimal length along the border of the ellipsoidal dump and place it in a permanent storage warehouse along the perimeter next to the designed dump, this increases the environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump in the form of rational use of fuel by workers equipment and atmospheric emissions;

in the second stage, the remaining part of the PSP within the boundaries of the lower base of the dump body is placed into piles by a bulldozer, followed by loading it with a hydraulic excavator into vehicles and transporting it to a permanent storage warehouse at the entrance embankment of the elliptical rock dump, which increases the environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump in the form of rational use of fuel working equipment and atmospheric emissions;

As part of the mining and technical reclamation of the outer slopes of the tiers, a dragline excavator installed on the site of the lower subtier applies a soil layer from the warehouse along the perimeter: on the lower outer slope, on the site of the lower subtier, on the higher outer slope, on the site of the higher subtier, and also performs transshipment of PSP to a pile on the higher platform of the subtier, this increases the environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump due to the use of an electrically driven excavator during reclamation;

Next, the dragline excavator is installed on the sub-tier site above the formed pile of PSP and similarly performs vertical movement of the PSP from bottom to top, applying a soil layer, which increases the environmental efficiency of the reclaimed rock dump due to the use of an electrically driven excavator during reclamation.

A comparison of the proposed solution with an analogue and a prototype did not allow us to identify in them the features that distinguish the proposed solution, which allows us to conclude that it meets the “novelty” criterion.

Brief description of the drawing

In fig. a fragment of the reclamation of an elliptical rock dump is presented, including: 1 - dump body; 2 - the lower base of the body of the elliptical dump along the landscape of the area; 3 - covering the outer slope of the lower tier with a fertile layer of soil; 4 - a warehouse for permanent storage of PSP near the perimeter of the designed elliptical dump; 5 - dragline excavator; 6 - PSP coating of the lower subtier site; 7 - PSP coating of the external slope of the sub-tier above the excavator; 8 - PSP coating of the site of the higher subtier; 9 - collar on the platform of the higher subtier; 10 - platform of a higher subtier for the next installation of a dragline excavator; 11 - vertical movement of the PSP from bottom to top, applying a soil layer.

Carrying out the invention

An example of the invention. The structure of the complex mechanization of the dump site, with the simultaneous formation of reclamation of the rock layer of the dump, provides for the use of: one T-170 bulldozer and one hydraulic excavator of the “backhoe” model with a bucket with a capacity of 1.5-2.0 m ³ as the main excavation mechanism, used for loading the fertile soil layer. To prepare the lower base 2 of the dump body 1 according to the terrain, the PSP is removed with a T-170 bulldozer to an optimal length along the border of the dump. The PSP is laid in a permanent storage warehouse 4 along the perimeter next to the designed elliptical dump. The remaining part of the PSP within the boundaries of the lower base 2 of the dump body 1 with the T-170 bulldozer is placed into piles with subsequent loading by a hydraulic excavator into dump trucks with a lifting capacity of 18-20 tons. For removal and placement in a permanent storage warehouse at the entrance embankment of the rock dump, another T bulldozer is used -170. The height of the rock dump tier was 10 m, and the height of the reclaimed subtier was 5 m, which corresponds to the equipment used in mining operations. This work is carried out with one T-170 bulldozer, which receives mining dump trucks from overburden excavators along the entrance embankment and forms a suppressed dump front. With a lag of 30-50 m from the embankment of the tier, an additional T-170 bulldozer makes a sub-tier from this tier with a reclaimed area with a slope towards the dump body [3]. As part of the mining and technical reclamation of the outer slopes of the tiers, with a dragline excavator 5 EGD-3.2.30 installed on the site of the lower subtier, a soil layer from warehouse 4 is applied along the perimeter: on the lower outer slope 3, on the site of the lower subtier 6, on the outer slope 7 upstream from the excavator , to the site of the higher subtier 8, as well as with the subsequent transshipment of the PSP into the pile 9 at the higher site of the subtier. The next step is to install the dragline excavator 5 on the platform of the subtier 10 above the formed pile 9 PSP and similarly perform vertical movement of 11 PSP from bottom to top, applying the soil layer.

Thus, the reclamation of an elliptical rock dump using a dragline excavator with an electric drive increases the environmental efficiency of the dumped rock dump in the form of rational use of fuel by working equipment and a reduction in emissions into the atmosphere.

Information sources:

1. Patent RU 2763561, IPC E21S 41/32, Published: 12/30/2021 Bull. No. 1;

2. Technology of reclamation and improvement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015. - 309 p., p. 93.

Claims (1)

A method for reclamation of an elliptical rock dump, including preparation of the lower base of the dump body according to the landscape of the area, laying waste in the dump, forming external slopes of the tiers of the ellipsoidal rock dump is carried out with reclamation along the perimeter in sub-tiers of 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18-22°, with slope of the sites towards the dump body, cover them with a fertile layer of soil (FSL), followed by sowing grass and planting seedlings, characterized in that when preparing the lower base of the dump body according to the terrain, the FSL is initially removed with a bulldozer to the optimal length along the border of the elliptical dump and laying it in a permanent storage warehouse along the perimeter next to the designed dump; in the second stage, the remaining part of the PSP within the boundaries of the lower base of the dump body is placed into piles by a bulldozer, followed by its loading by a hydraulic excavator into vehicles and removal for placement in a permanent storage warehouse at the entrance embankment of the elliptical rock dump, as part of the mining-technical reclamation of the outer slopes of the tiers with a dragline excavator installed on the site of the lower subtier, apply PSP from the warehouse along the perimeter: on the lower outer slope, on the platform of the lower subtier, on the outer slope upstream from the excavator, on the platform of the higher subtier, and also perform transfer of PSP into a pile on a higher platform of the sub-tier, then a dragline excavator is installed on the sub-tier platform above the formed PSP pile and similarly perform vertical movement of the PSP from the bottom up, applying PSP.