RU1785013C - Signals classification device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to automation and computer engineering and can be used to classify electrical signals. The device comprises an amplifier 1, an integrator 2, a weighting coefficient setting unit 3, signal level drivers 4, an OR element 5, a trigger 6, a first, second and third AND element, a decoder 9, counters 10/11, a generator 12, a display unit 13, a threshold element 14, element 15 is NOT. 3 ill.

Description

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The invention relates to automation and computer engineering and can be used to classify electrical signals.

A device for classifying objects is known, comprising a first register, the inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the device, and the output is connected to one input of the first decoder, the other input of which is the second input of the device, the second and third registers, the inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the first a decoder and OR elements of the first group, the inputs of which are the first and third inputs of the device, and the outputs of the second and third registers are connected to one input of the first switch, the other inputs are They are connected to the outputs of the counter and the frequency divider, the first memory block, one input of which is the first input of the device, the others are connected to the corresponding outputs of the first decoder, the first switch and the keys of the first group, and the output is connected to one input of the first shift register, the other input which is connected to a pulse generator, the output of which is connected to the input of the frequency divider, the output of which is connected to the counter input, and a second group of OR elements, a second memory unit, one input of which is the first input of the amplifier The devices, others are connected to the corresponding outputs of the first decoder, the first switch and the keys of the first group, the second shift register, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the pulse generator and the second memory block, the fourth and fifth registers, one of whose inputs are the first input of the device, others connected to the corresponding outputs of the first decoder, and the fourth register output connected to the inputs of the keys of the first group, the second switch, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the OR elements of the first group, the first and second memory blocks, and the outputs are connected to one input of the OR elements of the second group, the output of which is the first output of the device, the second group of keys, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the fifth register and the first and second shift registers, and the output is the second output of the device and series-connected sixth register, the input of which is connected to the output of the second switch, a second decoder, a counter of the first group, a comparator, the control input of which is the second input of the device, and counters of the second group, the output of which s is connected to the other inputs of the OR elements of the second group. One of the drawbacks of this device is that it can only be used to classify objects that are characterized by discrete signals (features). Therefore, this device has limited functionality. In addition, this device has a low accuracy of classification of objects, since

0, the classification of objects does not take into account the influence of additive interference, which, as a rule, is present at the input of the classification device.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is a device containing a series-connected amplifier and a unit for setting weight coefficients, No. of signal level conditioners, an OR element, a trigger, a pulse generator and a series-connected first element And, a counter, a decoder and a display unit, the first and second inputs of the first element And are connected to the output of the pulse generator and to the direct 5th output of the trigger, the direct input of which is the Start device input, and the inverse input is Odom stop device, the third input of the AND element is connected to the output of the OR gate, the inputs

0 which is connected to the first outputs of the signal level conditioners, the first inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the weighting task unit, the second input N-ro of the signal level former

5 is connected to a second output (N-1) -ro of a signal level driver.

This device has two drawbacks. The first disadvantage is that it has a low accuracy of signal classification, since it does not take into account the effect of interference in the classification of signals. Under the influence of interference, the envelope of the signal is distorted, and, therefore, the amplitude of the signal is distorted. Using the weighting unit, the threshold elements are tuned to a distorted amplitude level of the signal, and further processing of the distorted signal also affects the results of signal classification.

The second disadvantage of the device is that the device does not provide the selection of informative features in amplitude when complex signals 5 arrive at the input of the device. Complex signals include signals having an amplitude that varies with time. For example, signals having an amplitude increasing with time, which is established from a certain time to a certain value. Another variety of such signals are signals having an approximately constant amplitude, and after a certain time, their amplitude decreases to zero. An analysis of such signals shows that when classifying them, it is possible to use information about the signal over the entire time interval of its existence, as is done in the known device, but it is possible to use only sections of a signal with a varying amplitude or signals having only a constant amplitude. The information content of features isolated from different sites or sites during the lifetime of the signal will be different. In this regard, the problem arises of choosing the most informative attribute (section) of the signal for classification. The choice of the most informative features (sections) from the available ones will provide an increase in the accuracy of signal classification.

Thus, this device has a low accuracy of signal classification, because during the synthesis of this device, the influence of noise at its input is not taken into account; the most informative features are not distinguished in the classification of signal complexity.

The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the device.

This goal is achieved in that in a device containing an amplifier, a unit for setting weights, signal conditioners, an OR element, a trigger, a pulse generator, and a first And element connected in series, a counter, a decoder and a display unit, the second input of the first And element is connected to output, the direct input of which is the Start device input, and the inverse input is the Stop device input, the third input of the first AND element is connected to the output of the OR element, the inputs of which are connected to the first outputs signal shapers, the first inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the weighting unit, the second input of each signal shaper is connected to the second output of the previous signal shaper, an integrator, an additional counter, and a third AND element are introduced, and the integrator input is connected to the output amplifier, and the output is connected to the input of the weighting unit, the input of the additional counter and the first input of the third element And are connected to the output of the pulse generator, the second input is its element And and the second input of the amplifier is connected to the output

additional counter, the output of the third element And is connected to the first input of the first element And, the direct input of the trigger is connected to the input of the pulse generator.

The introduction of an integrator, an additional counter, and a third AND element into the device for signal classification allows increasing the accuracy of signal classification by eliminating additive post-amplification input signals and identifying the most informative features when classifying complex signals.

In FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device for classifying signals; in FIG. 2a - diagrams of signals from the output of amplifier 1 and from the output of integrator 2, respectively; in FIG. 26 - diagrams of signals: x (t) - signals with the same amplitude;

x (t) - signals with increasing amplitude;

x (t) - signals with decreasing amplitude.

In FIG. 3 shows a level former.

The device for classifying the signals includes an amplifier 1, an integrator 2, a weighting unit 3, signal conditioners 4, an OR element 5, a trigger b, a first element 7, a third element 8, a decoder 9, a counter 10, an additional counter 11, a generator 12 pulses, a display unit 13, the output of the amplifier 1 being connected to the input of an integrator 2, the output of which is connected to the input of the unit 3 for setting the weight coefficients, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the formers 4 of the signal level, the first outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the element This OR, the output of which is connected to the third input of the first AND element 7, whose second input is connected to the output of trigger 6, whose direct input is the Start device input, and the inverse input is the Stop device input, the output of the pulse generator 12 is connected to the input of the additional the counter 11 and the first input of the third element And 8, the second input of which is connected to the output of the additional counter 11, to which the second input of the amplifier 1 is connected, the output of the third element And 8 is connected to the first input of the first element And 7, after the first element And 7, the counter 10, the decoder 9 and the display unit 13 are connected, the second input of the Nth signal conditioner is connected to the second output of the (M-1) th signal conditioner, the direct input of trigger 6 is connected to the input of the generator 12 .

The level former comprises a threshold element 14, an element NOT 15 and a second element AND 16 (see Fig. 3).

Classification of signals by classes is carried out after the researcher determines which signals (x (t) or x (t), or x (t) (see Fig. 26) should be classified. This is done by setting the start time classification of signals at the additional counter 11. Classification of signals by classes consists, as in the known device, in determining the average time spent by these signals at one or more informative levels. By the value of this time, which is informative In a certain class, a classification is made.

The informative level (or levels) is determined at the training stage. Moreover, depending on the studied signals x (t) or x (t), or x (t), according to which the classification of signals should be carried out, the device is trained on the changing sections of the signals x (t) or x, (t), or in the steady-state regions of the same signals x (t) or x (t), or in the signal x (t), or in all regions of the existence of the input signals x (t), x (t). In any case, the level that carries the most information about the distinguishability of the signals is selected.

The device operates as follows.

Before the device starts operation, the additional counter 11 is set to the required position depending on the signals being classified, i.e. depending on the available a priori information about the input signals received at the input of the device. At the same time, when signals x (t) are received, classification (classification training) is performed from the moment. When signals of the types x (t) and x (t) are received, classification (training) can be carried out (depending on the formulation of the problem of the researcher) according to signals with a steady amplitude (for x (t) from time to time ti and to signals with changes amplitude (for x (t) from time to time, and for signals x (t) from time).

When classifying (training) by signals of the form x (t) or x (t), a violation of the above time relationships can lead to significant classification errors, i.e. Signal classification accuracy can be significantly reduced.

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For definiteness, let the input signal have the form x (t) (see, Fig. 26), then the additional counter 11 is set to the O state, which corresponds to the fact that classification (training) should be carried out from the moment the signal arrives at the device input, t .e. point in time. In this case, the output signal from this counter in the form of a high potential is fed to the second input of the amplifier 1 and to the first input of the third element And 8. The amplifier 1 and the third element And 8 are prepared for operation.

The input signal x (t) to be classified is amplified by the input amplifier15 by 1 to the required value and supplied through the integrator 2, where the signal is filtered, eliminating the additive noise (see Fig. 2a), and fed through the weighting unit 3 to all threshold elements 14

20 level formers simultaneously. Using the weighting unit 3, the threshold elements 14 are adjusted to a specific amplitude level of the signal x (t). After the start command

25 from trigger 6, a signal is output to the second input of I7. When the investigated signal x (t) is at the first level, the threshold element 14 is triggered and gives a signal to the second input of the And -16 element. So

30 as a threshold element 14, tuned to the second level, has not yet worked, there is no signal at its output and a signal is output from the output of the element NOT 15 to the third input of the element And 16. If there is a signal at the first input of the element And 1 b is output from its output the signal through the OR element 5 to the third input of the And 7 element. The pulses from the quartz oscillator 12 through the And 8 and And 7 elements begin to arrive at the pulse counter 10 owls. The presence of a signal at the first input of element And 16 determines the measurement of the time spent by the studied signal x (t) at the corresponding amplitude level. The absence of a signal excludes data

45 measurements.

When signal x (t) reaches the second amplitude level, the threshold element And 14 is activated and a signal appears at its output, which closes through the element NOT

50 15 element And 16, at the output of which the signal disappears. The absence of a signal at the output of the And 16 element closes the And 7 element. The pulses from the quartz oscillator 12 do not arrive at counter 10. The number of 55 pulses counted by counter 10. is proportional to the time the signal under study x (t) is at the first amplitude level.

The appearance of the signal at the output of the threshold element 14 opens the element And 16 when

there is a signal at its first input. There is a signal at the third input of element 1/116, since the threshold element 14, tuned to the third level, did not work and there is a signal at the output of element NOT 15. From the output of AND element 16, the signal through the OR element 5 is fed to the third input of the first AND element 7. The first AND element 7 is opened and the counter 10 counts the pulses coming from the crystal oscillator 12.

When the signal x (t) reaches the third amplitude level, the threshold element 14 is activated and the signal at its output through the element HE 15 closes the corresponding element And 16 and opens the corresponding element And 16. Then everything happens similarly to the considered. The process occurs until the amplitude of the test signal x (t) decreases. Then, at the output of a certain threshold element, the signal disappears and thereby ensures the closure of the And 16 element corresponding to it and the opening of the And 16 element in the level generator configured to the lower amplitude level. All operations are repeated until a Stop command is issued to trigger 6.

The measurement of the residence time of the studied signal x (t) at a certain amplitude level occurs only when a signal is applied to the first input of element And 16 of the corresponding level former, Thus, the signal y (t) # x (t) J, where) is the conversion operator , determined by the set of signals at the first inputs of AND elements 16, is converted into pulses counted by the counter 10. The class number of the presented signal can be judged by the value of the number of pulses. The number of pulses counted by the counter 10 through the decoder 9 is displayed on the digital display 13. The conversion operator p (x) is remembered as a combination of signals at the first inputs of the And elements 16. The device is adapted at the training stage and ends with the selection of such a conversion operator ( p (x), which provides the correct classification of a given set of signals.

The device at the training stage works as follows. The studied signals x (t) are divided by amplitude using block 3 for setting the weight coefficients into n levels.

By sequentially supplying the unit potential to the installation inputs (first inputs of the AND element 16) of the level shapers, which corresponds to extracting only the corresponding level from the signal, the average value of the residence time of the studied signal 5 at each amplitude level is successively found. For this, the Start signal is sent to trigger 6. The pulses from the quartz oscillator 12 do not pass through the And 7 element to the counter 10, since there is no signal at the And 7 element at the third input. When the studied signal x (t), taken from the integrator 2 and passing through the unit 3 for setting the weight coefficients, reaches the amplitude level to which the corresponding shaper is adjusted, the signal from the last is output through the OR element 5, which starts to transmit pulses from the quartz generator 12 to the counter 10 pulses.

When the studied signal reaches the amplitude level, to which the next level former (N + 1) is configured, the signal from the output of the former (N) disappears, element 7 is blocked, and pulses from the quartz oscillator 12 cease to step 5 to counter 10. When the amplitude of the investigated of the signal, everything happens in a similar way, but in the reverse order. The counter 10 summarizes the pulses during the residence time of the investigated signal on the selected

0 level until the Stop command arrives at trigger 6, i.e. for a strictly fixed period of time t. As a result, the number of pulses is displayed on the digital display 10, which is proportional to the time 5 of the signal being studied at the selected level for the period T (mk1). Similar operations are carried out at other levels. All operations to find the informative level are training procedures and are performed once for unknown signals belonging to equal classes. Depending on the informative level (s) found, a unit potential is applied to the installation

5, the input (s) of the corresponding level former (s), and the installation inputs of other level formers are grounded.

At the same time, the learning step of the device ends.

Claims (1)

0 Claims A device for classifying signals, comprising an amplifier, a unit for setting weights, signal level conditioners, the first inputs of which 5 are connected to the outputs of the unit for setting weights, and the second input of each signal level former is connected to the first output of the previous signal level former, an OR element, the corresponding inputs of which are connected to the second outputs of the signal level conditioners, the trigger, the direct and inverse inputs of which are the Start and Stop inputs of the device, the first AND element, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the trigger and the OR element, the generator and the counter, decoder and display unit connected in series moreover, the counter input is connected to the output of the first AND element, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of the device, an integrator is introduced into it, the input of which is connected to the amplifier, and the output with the input of the weighting unit, an additional counter, the installation input of which is the installation input of the device, and a third element And, the first input of which and the information input of the additional counter are connected to the output of the generator, the second input of the third element And and the second the input of the amplifier is connected to the output of the additional counter, and the output of the third element And is connected to the third input of the first element I. -fft Yu |  w l / v / vw / vA / v Ornfa.Z Threshold element /4 Element 15 LAL / U., Second Element Uf6 / rЈi, 4