RU1784136C - Method for growing potato minitubers - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: biotechnology, agriculture, potato growing, potato seed growing, microclonal propagation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Potato plants propagated vegetatively on a modified nutrient medium and adapted to further growing conditions are dived into the soil into special technological modules located in greenhouses. After the end of the growing season, watering is stopped, the modules are transferred to the drying and separation zone, where the grown minitubers are separated from the soil. 4 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to biotechnological methods for the production of source material for selection and seed production of potatoes.

A known method for the production of starting material for seed production of potatoes, including 3-4 cycles of micrograin, the last of which is carried out using the method of induction of stolon formation on an agarized nutrient medium containing 1-4% sucrose in a 9-10-hour photoperiod for early varieties and 6- 10% on a 6-8-hour photoperiod for late cultivars, planting test plants in pots with a capacity of 6-10 l with soil placed in a greenhouse, watering, weed removal, protection against phytopathogens and manual harvesting of tubers.

The implementation of this method is associated with a high complexity of work, low survival rate of test plants, low yield of tubers per unit area of the greenhouse, and a large dependence of the success of work on the varietal characteristics of the genotypes used.

The closest technical solution is a method of producing mini-potato tubers from sterile plants in soil boxes with a planting scheme started, in which microclonal propagation of sterile tube plants is carried out, sterile plants are removed from test tubes or sterile containers, planting in boxes with soil at a density planting 50-150 plants per square meter, plant care and manual cleaning of the minitubers.

The disadvantages of this method are the large death of test plants during transplantation into the soil, significant manual labor costs for preparing the soil, transporting it to the cultivation site, 00

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breaking the cabbage with soil, taking care of the plants, extracting the minicubers, and also cleaning the cabbage from the soil and removing the latter from the growing zone.

The low adaptability of the analyzed methods allows one, rarely two rotations per year, which adversely affects the production economy.

The aim of the invention is to reduce labor costs and material costs,

This is achieved by the fact that plants adapted on a modified nutrient medium are planted in holes stamped in the soil located in the technological module, which is located on a special platform where the following operations are carried out: cultivating plants, drying the soil, and separating the separation from the soil of the grown minitubers marking.

The proposed method for the production of minicubers of potatoes is implemented as follows.

Microclonal method of propagation of sterile plants is adapted to the conditions of non-sterile cultivation by cultivation on a nutrient medium containing in milligrams per liter of medium the following components:

a) the basis of the nutrient medium:

Calcium chloride

two-water440;

Magnesium sulfate,

seven-water; 370;

Potassium phosphate,

monosubstituted170;

Trilon B37.3;

Iron sulfate,

seven-water27.8;

Boric acid 6.2;

Manganese Sulfate

four-water 22.3;

Zinc Sulfuric Acid

four-water 8t6;

Potassium iodide 0.75;

Copper sulfate,

p tivodna 0.025;

Sodium molybdenum acid, two-water 0.25;

Cobalt chloride

hexahydrate 0.025;

Mesoinositol100;

Bicotinamide 2;

 Pyridoxine 1;

Thiamine1;

Calcium pantothenate 10;

Folic acid -0.5;

Riboflavin 0.5;

Biotin1;

Cyanocobalamin 0.015;

Ammonium nitrate 900 ± 100; Potassium nitrate 1100 ± 100; Indolylacetic

acid 1.5 ± 0.5;

Kinetin 0.15 ± 0.05;

Adenine 0.2 ± 0.05;

Ferulic acid 0.05 ± 0.02; Chlorocholin chloride 100 ± 20

Activated

coal10000 ± 5000;

Sucrose 420,000 ± 10,000;

and also containing a hydrophilic insert instead of agar-agar, moreover, 24-60 hours before planting, the tubes are removed from the tubes, 1 / 6-1 / 7 of the volume of distilled water is added, and further cultivation is performed in tubes with open tubes. Tubes with adapted plants are then transported to the Mecfy planting plant, where a technological module is installed using a mechanical elevator, pre-filled with soil, in which the wells for planting the tube plants are stamped. The planting desk is designed in such a way that it is possible to install a technological module filled with soil at the same time as planting the plants in the previous technological module. Pre-stamping of the planting holes increases the labor of planters by 1.7 times. After the plants have been planted in the technological module, the latter is transported by a mechanical elevator to a constant growing place in a greenhouse box isolated from phytopathogens.

Due to the fact that during the growing season the dimensions of the technological module are 2 times smaller in height than the shelving height according to the analogue and prototype, more favorable conditions are created for cultivating plants under artificial lighting and the useful volume of the greenhouse is used more rationally.

After the completion of the growing season (90 days), the technological modules are removed using a mechanical lift from an insulated greenhouse box and stacked to dry the soil. During this period, the outflow of plastic substances from the aerial parts of plants to tubers and the physiological maturation of minicubers occur. After completing this step, the technological modules are transported by a mechanical lift to a tilter, which tilts the mixture

tubers and soil into the receiving hopper of the separator. On the separator, the minitubers are separated from the soil and plant debris. The tubers are sent to an automatic meter, then packaged in a shipping container and etched. Soil is transported to the soil rotation platform, where it is sterilized, maintained to restore fertility and brought to condition. After the soil passes through the biological and agrochemical soil turnovers, it is loaded into the loader, from which the technological modules are filled. Then the technological modules are transported by a mechanical hoist to the irrigation device. After wet irrigation, the process modules are stacked for 16-24 hours to achieve physical maturity of the soil. Then, wells for test plants are stamped in the soil and the technological modules are mounted on the planting table using a mechanical elevator. The process is repeated as described above. Due to the fact that cultivation is carried out in technological modules, it is possible to organize a mobile process and carry out 3 growing cycles on a growing area in one calendar year.

PRI me R 1. Studied the effectiveness of methods of pre-plant adaptation of test plants.

Variants of experience and the results are shown in table. 1.

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the use of the proposed method for preplanting preparation of test plants allows to increase the survival rate of test plants by 13.5% (as compared with the analog) or by 19.9% (as compared with the prototype). It is important that the survival rate of the test plants is high, achieved thanks to the proposed method, it saves labor costs for performing repair replants and increases the workability,

PRI me R 2. The yield of conditioned minitubers when growing in the spring-summer period was determined. The planting density of the test plants by analogy was 4.8 plants per square meter, and according to the prototype and the proposed embodiment, 100 plants per square meter. In those cases when lunges due to plant survival were observed, plantings were repaired to the required density. The results are presented in table.2.

The data given indicate. that the proposed method is significantly superior to the method taken as

an analogue for the output of conditioned minitubers both per one plant and per unit area. There is a noticeable superiority, in the indicated parameters, of the proposed method also over the prototype, which is probably due to the positive effect of pre-plant adaptation of test plants.

PRI me R 3. Determined economic

0 parameters for using the proposed method in comparison with the basic method. The calculation results of these parameters are given in table.3.

As can be seen from Table 3, the proposed method 5 saves labor costs, the area of protected ground and allows to reduce the cost of operating protected ground.

Claims (1)

0 Claims A method for the production of minicubers of potatoes, including microclonal propagation of the original test tube plants, planting them in the ground, growing and 5 cleaning the minicubers, characterized in that, in order to reduce labor costs and save material resources, after microclonal propagation, the plants are adapted for growing in soil on a nutrient medium of the following composition, mg / l: calcium chloride chloride - 440.0; sulphate heptahydic magnesium - 370.0; monosubstituted potassium phosphate - 170.0; Trilon B - 37.3; sulfate 5 seven-water iron - 27.8; boric acid - 6.2; four-water manganese sulfate - 22.3; tetrahydrous zinc sulfate - 8.6; potassium iodide - 0.75; sulfate pivodnaya copper - 0,025; molybdenum acidic dichloromethane - 0.25; cobalt hexahydrate chloride - 0.025; mesoinositol-100.0; nicotinamide-2; pyridoxine-1; thiamine-1; calcium pantothenate 10.0; folic acid - 0.5; riboflavin 5 0.5; biotin - 1; cyancobalamin - 0.015; ammonium nitrate - 9001100; potassium nitrate-1100JIOO; indolylacetic acid - 1,, 5; kinetin - 0.151: 0.05; adenine - 0.2 ± 0.05; ferulic acid - 0.05-t 0 0.02; chlorocholinium chloride - activated carbon - 10000t500 0; sucrose - 40,000 10,000; in this case, plugs are removed from the tubes 24-60 hours before planting in the soil and distilled water in the amount of 1 / 6-1 / 7 of its volume is added to the nutrient medium, adapted plants are planted in stamped holes in the soil the technological module and transported to the greenhouses for growing minitubers, dry the soil before harvesting, then the technological modules are transported to the edger and placed in the receiving hopper, a mixture of minicubers and soil is removed from the separator, where the separation is conducted from technologists eskogo module using niklubney from the ground. Table 1 j The effectiveness of methods of pre-plant adaptation of test tube plants of the variety Nevsky (1989) Note: The composition of the medium, abbreviations and dosages are described in the description (see above) table 2 The influence of the method of production of minicubers on the output of minicubers from 1 plant and per unit area Table 3 Economic parameters of the use of the proposed method (based on the production of 1 million pieces of minicubers) Name of accounting parameters Labor costs (cost calculation is given in table 4), man-hours The area of sheltered soil required for the production of 2 million minicubers, excluding auxiliary area, m Total area of the greenhouse, m2 The cost of operating sheltered soil, rub Table 4 Calculation of labor costs in the production of virus-free potatoes in greenhouses (based on the production of 1 million tubers) Learned Methods base proposed 47797.0 5104.3 1430.0 2145.0 5805.8