RU1768800C - Device for converting heat energy to mechanical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: instrument making, mechanical engineering for converting the temperature difference between two media into mechanical energy. The inventive working chambers 1 are made in the form of two sealed chambers 2, 3 of variable volume. Chamber 2 is filled with a working fluid, 13 and chamber 3 with non-condensable gas. Chambers 2,3 have a common movable diaphragm 4. When the working chambers 1 move from warm liquid 16 to cold liquid 15, a sharp decrease in pressure occurs in chambers 2, which causes the diaphragm 4 to shift and increase the total volume of chamber 1. i.e., the buoyancy of the latter increases. As a result, due to the difference in buoyancy of the chambers 1 on the right and left branches x, the chambers 1 are constantly supplied from a warm liquid 16 to a cold one. liquid 15 in the case when the heat liquid 16 is located above the cold liquid 15. 1 ill. 75 Ј th V | About 00 00 about about 75 p

Description

The invention relates to power engineering and instrumentation, and in particular to devices for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy using a temperature difference between two media or in a medium.

A device for carrying out the method is known. It contains an endless transmission mounted on two wheels in an upright position, and on which hermetically sealed variable-volume working chambers formed by an elastic-elastic film are sequentially located. The working chambers have heat-conducting walls, but are thermally insulated from each other, partially filled with a mixture of gas and a liquid solvent. Some of the working chambers are immersed in the liquid, and the rest are in contact with the environment, the temperature of the liquid being higher than the temperature of the environment, e.g. air.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is that it allows you to convert only the thermal energy of the temperature difference between a liquid having a higher temperature than the medium located above it, and if the temperature of the liquid is lower than the medium located above the liquid, it inoperative. A disadvantage of the device is that the known technical solution is operable only in a relatively small range of absolute temperatures of the media, the difference between which is used.

A known device for implementing the method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy comprises a series of hermetic elastic chambers 1 of variable volume located along an endless transmission of a chain mounted on two blocks whose rotational axes are offset vertically from each other. Constant volume heat exchangers with rigid walls are installed between the chambers. Each chamber is connected through a shut-off valve to one adjacent heat exchanger located below it on the descending branch of the circuit. The chambers and heat exchangers are partially filled with a heat-sensitive working fluid, an easily volatile liquid. The lower portion of the chain is immersed in a warm liquid whose temperature is higher than the boiling point of the low-boiling liquid, and the upper portion of the chain is in an environment whose temperature is lower than the condensation temperature of the low-boiling liquid.

The disadvantage of this device is that it is inoperative when the ambient temperature is higher and / or the temperature of the liquid is lower than the temperature

boiling of a boiling liquid, i.e., the range of functionality is narrow. Closest to the proposed technical solution is a device containing means of supply and removal

0 heat, a sealed enclosure consisting of two tanks, the upper and lower with heat-conducting walls, the upper and lower tanks are separated by a heat-insulating spacer. An infinite transmission from a number of sealed working chambers of variable volume partially filled with a working fluid is placed inside the housing. The transmission is mounted on two wheels, the rotation axes of which are shifted vertically relative to each other with the formation of the ascending and descending branches of the transmission, separated by a heat-insulating partition. The upper and lower containers are filled with heat-conducting insoluble in each other media.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the narrow functionality, namely its inoperability, when the temperature of the liquid is lower than the temperature of the gas, as well as a narrow range of temperature values of the media, the difference of which is used to produce mechanical energy.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of functional capabilities, namely, the conversion of the thermal energy of the temperature difference between the downstream medium having a lower temperature and the medium above it having a higher temperature, as well as expanding the range of changes in the temperature values of the media at which it is operable device,

The goal is achieved in that the working chambers 5 contain a rigid frame on which they are mounted and two hermetic bellows chambers, one of which is larger than the second, larger and smaller bellows chambers consist of each bellows, correspondingly having a larger or smaller diameter, one end of which is closed by a rigid bottom mounted on the frame, and the other by a common diaphragm for bellows chambers, which is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement. In this case, the smaller chamber is filled with a working fluid, and the larger one is non-condensing gas, and the large bellows chambers of all the working chambers are hydraulically interconnected.

The implementation of bellows chambers having a common diaphragm with different cross-sectional areas is a prerequisite for increasing the total volume of working chambers and their buoyancy in the downstream cooling zone and reducing their volume and buoyancy in the upstream heating zone, which ensures the operability of the device in these conditions. The implementation of a smaller drive chamber, and a larger drive chamber, allows to increase the volume of the working chamber in the cooling zone and vice versa - to reduce it in the heating zone. The hydraulic connection of large bellows chambers filled with non-condensable gas makes it possible to automatically maintain the required working pressure in them. Together, these signs make it possible to achieve the goal, and each of them is necessary for this.

The drawing shows a General view of the device.

The device comprises a number of working chambers 1 of variable volume, made in the form of two sealed chambers 2 and 3 of variable volume, for example, a bellows type, having a common rigid movable diaphragm 4 and rigid fixed end ones mounted on a rigid frame 5 of the bottom. The sealed chamber 2 has heat-conducting walls and is filled with a working fluid b, for example, freon 114 or liquid ammonia, and the chamber 3 is heat-insulating and filled with non-condensing gas 7. The chamber 2 has a cross section smaller than a similar section of the chamber 3, which are hydraulically connected in series between flexible coupling 8. An endless chain formed by working chambers 1 connected by flexible links 8 is mounted on wheels 9 and 10 having protrusions 11 designed to guide and hold the endless chain to the required position. Between the wheels 9 and 10, a partition 12 is installed made of heat-insulating material. Wheels 9 and 10 with a chain of working chambers 1 and a baffle 12 are installed in a rigid vessel 13 having heat-conducting walls. The lower part of the vessel 13 is thermally insulated from its upper part by a heat insulating wall 14, which also separates the media, the temperature difference between which is used. Moreover, the left and right sides of the upper and lower parts of the vessel 13 relative to the septum 12 are insulated to various heights. The lower part of the vessel 13 is filled with a heat-conducting liquid 15, for example, water up to the middle of the wall part of the vessel 13, which insulates the upper and lower parts. The upper part of the vessel 13 is also filled with a heat-conducting liquid 16, but having a density lower than liquid 15, for example, kerosene. Liquids 15 and 16 are practically insoluble in each other. The axles of the wheels 9 and 10 are supported by the walls of the vessel 13 and connected to a consumer of mechanical rotational energy (not shown in Fig.). One of the flexible couplings has a valve 17, which allows changing the pressure of the gas 7 or replacing the gas with a liquid. The movable diaphragm 4 is made up of two rigid walls 18 and 19 of the chambers 2 and 3, respectively, and having a gap 20 between them, providing a free flow around their outer sides (with respect to chambers 2 and 3). The device operates as follows.

When cooling the lower part of the vessel 13. for example, with the soil in which this part is located, and heating the upper part, for example, in air having a higher temperature than the soil, the liquid 15 is cooled and the liquid 16 is heated. As a result, the chamber 2 and the working fluid 6 contained in them, which are in the liquid 15, are cooled, and the

in liquid 16 are heated. In the cooled chambers 2, the pressure decreases, their volume decreases, which causes a shift of the movable diaphragm 4 and an increase in the volume of the chambers 3. In the heating zone of the chambers 2, the pressure

they increase, the volume increases, the increase in pressure from the side of the chamber 2 leads to a decrease in the volume of the chambers 3 having a common diaphragm 4,

Pressure on movable diaphragm 4

camera 1 in its stationary position is determined by the dependence

P2OD2 RZOD + Rzh (OD-O) 2). (1)

where Ra is the pressure in the chamber 2;

D1 - pressure area of the chamber 2 on the moving diaphragm 4;

Pz - pressure in the chamber 3; C3 is the pressure area of the chamber 3 against the movable diaphragm 4;

Hr - fluid pressure 15 and 16 on the movable diaphragm 4.

Provided that the pressure loss on the movement of gas 7 between the tanks is sufficiently small to neglect them, its pressure can be considered constant. Then from equality (1) we find

 - Ржп (ЫЗ -О) 2) Р2т (02 + Ржт (ftU -ад). (2)

where the index n 1 means belonging to the chamber n, and the index m is the same to the camera |: m.

With the arrangement of chambers 2 n and m symmetrical to the 12 in partition of the same horisontal, with sufficient accuracy, we can assume that

РЖП РЖТ.Ь)

Hence from the dependence (2) we have

P2n P2m (4)

When condition (4) is fulfilled, the diaphragm 4 is stationary. However, if

P2p P2t, (5)

the first aperture 4 of the camera n moves, compressing the camera 3 and expanding the camera 2. Under the condition

P2n P2t (6)

the diaphragm 4 is shifted in the opposite direction for the case described by the inequality

(5).

When the cameras p and t are located at different elevations from the dependence (2)

DP2m (02 + (Rzhp - Rzht) (POPs ftfc), - ,,

s 2n „shgV

When equality (7) is fulfilled, the diaphragm 4. is stationary. However, if

- - Р2т Ц2 + (Ржп - Ржт) (ШЗ (02)

JL2

,(8)

1C, the diaphragm 4 of the camera n shifts in the direction in which the container 2 expands and the container 3 contracts, while the total volume of the camera p decreases. At

ID Р2т ОУ1 + (Ржп - Ржт) (- (, Q4 1 2n Gfcl

the diaphragm 4 of the camera n moves in the opposite direction than in the case of inequality (8).

With an increase in the volume of chamber 2 by AW2, taking into account the constant cross-sectional area, we have that the diaphragm 4 is shifted by

Aj-aw2

AI-F2

where F2 is the average cross-sectional area of chamber 2.

8, in this case, the volume of the chamber 3 decreases by a value of D L / s equal to

  .Rz. (10)

where Pz is the average cross-sectional area of the chamber 3.

Then the change in the volume of chamber 1 is

 AW3-AW2 (11)

lp l, taking into account (10), has

-Fb

(12)

AWK AW2 (| r OTK how

.(thirteen)

then the absolute value of the volume of the chamber 1 is always positive, but it has the opposite sign to the change in the volume of the chamber 2. This means that when the volume of the chamber 2 increases, the total volume of the chamber 1

0 decreases and vice versa, when the volume of chamber 2 decreases, the volume of chamber 3 increases.

Since the volume of the chamber 2, when heated in the liquid 16, increases, which is the total

5, the volume of chamber 1 decreases in the heating zone by liquid 16, and, conversely, in the zone of liquid 15, chamber 2 is cooled, their volume decreases, and the total volume of chambers 1 increases. As a result, buoyancy chamber 1 to the left of partition 12 (see Fig.) higher than on the right, on the left, the cameras 1 float, and on the right, they lower, while turning the wheels 9 and 10.

In this way, the TSPLORA energy of the differential, the temperature between the downstream medium having a lower temperature than the medium located above it is ensured, and this prevents pollution of the environment by vapor of heat-exchanging liquids.

If the chambers 3 instead of the gas 7 are filled through the valve 17 with a liquid having a density higher than the density of the liquids 15 and 16, then the proposed technical solution allows heat to be converted to a temperature difference between a lower-lying medium having a higher temperature and an upstream medium having a lower temperature.

In this case, with an increase in the volume of chambers 1, their weight increases by a larger amount than buoyancy, and with a decrease in their volume, their weight decreases by a larger value than buoyancy, due to the corresponding entry into the tank 3 of the working chambers 1 and the expulsion of liquid from them having a higher density than

0 liquids 15 and 16.

The proposed technical solution can be used for recharging recording hydrometric and meteorological instruments located in hard-to-reach and remote places,

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy containing medium 0 5 0 heat supply and removal, a sealed enclosure consisting of two containers: the upper and lower ones with heat-conducting walls, the upper and lower containers are separated by a heat-insulating spacer, a number of sealed working chambers of variable volume, partially filled with a working fluid, located in series on an infinite transmission mounted on two wheels, the axis of rotation of which are displaced vertically relative to each other with the formation of the ascending and descending branches of the transmission, separated by heat translational partition, wherein the upper and lower container filled with thermally conductive insoluble in one another fluids of tlichayuschees in that, in order to expand the functional capabilities, the working chambers comprise a rigid frame and two sealed bellows chamber: large and smaller, each consisting of a bellows, respectively, of a larger or smaller diameter, one end of which is closed by a bottom, the other by a common diaphragm for bellows chambers, the bellows bottoms are rigidly fixed to the frame, and the diaphragm is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement, and the smaller camera filled with a working fluid, and large - non-condensing gas, in addition, large bellows chambers of all working chambers are hydraulically interconnected.