CN110470695A - A kind of bulk container boiling experimental system - Google Patents
A kind of bulk container boiling experimental system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
A kind of bulk container boiling experimental system, belongs to measurement convective heat-transfer coefficient field.The problem of " film boiling " stage of " bulk container boiling " process can not be simulated by solving existing experimental system, lead to experimental system deficient function, can not carry out " bulk container boiling " Whole Process Simulation.Liquid refrigerant is filled in sealed chamber, and heating rod is additionally provided in it, liquid refrigerant is low-boiling point liquid substance, as heating rod surface temperature constantly increases, heating rod constantly conducts heat to liquid refrigerant, and the heat exchange between liquid refrigerant and heating rod surface is successively after following 4 stages: free convection stage, nucleate boiling stage, transition boiling stage, film boiling stage；Computer, obtains the convective heat-transfer coefficient h of liquid refrigerant under respective stage, and is shown, to complete the simulation of liquid refrigerant bulk container boiling convective heat transfer overall process.Present invention is mainly used for " bulk container boiling " Whole Process Simulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measuring convection heat transfer coefficients, and particularly relates to a teaching experiment system for measuring a boiling convection heat transfer coefficient of a large container.
Background
The convective heat transfer is widely applied in the production technical fields of energy power, chemical engineering, machinery, transportation and the like, and the key point of the application lies in obtaining the convective heat transfer coefficient and the influencing factors and strengthening or weakening the heat transfer according to the engineering requirements. The convective heat transfer in engineering is a heat transfer process of combined action of convection and conduction generated when a fluid flows through a solid surface, the convective heat transfer coefficient reflects the heat exchange capacity of the fluid and the solid surface, and the physical meaning of the convective heat transfer coefficient is that when the temperature difference between the fluid and the solid surface is 1K, the unit wall surface area can transfer heat in unit time, and the unit is W/(m) of heat transferred in unit time2K) In that respect The energy power professional students know and master the convective heat transfer coefficient measuring method, which has important significance for deepening the theoretical understanding and the practical engineering application capability of convective heat transfer.
Vat boiling is a form of convective heat transfer, meaning boiling in which the heating wall is immersed in a liquid having a free surface under natural convection conditions. As the degree of superheat Δ t (the average temperature difference between the heated wall and the liquid, c) of the wall increases, the heat exchange between the liquid and the heated wall occurs in 4 stages in sequence: natural convection stage → nucleate boiling stage → transition boiling stage → film boiling stage. When the boiling state is converted from 'nucleate boiling' to 'film boiling', the heat flux density on the heating wall surface needs to reach a peak value (critical heat flux density), and at the moment, the steam film layer can wrap the surface of the heating pipe to increase the heat resistance, so that the heat generated by the heating pipe cannot be transmitted out in time, or equipment is burnt. For boiler water walls, nuclear reactor cooling, evaporative condensers and similar thermal equipment, the occurrence of "film boiling" is not allowable and must be monitored. In the teaching experiment, because the experimental element is burnt, the film boiling stage of the large container boiling process cannot be simulated, the function is deficient, and the experimental effect is poor.
At present, large container boiling convection heat transfer coefficient measuring equipment used in laboratories mainly adopts water as a working medium, is designed in an open mode (such as a beaker), utilizes an auxiliary heater to heat water to a saturated state, uses a stainless steel pipe as a heating pipe, provides heating current by a silicon (selenium) rectifier, can only simulate two stages of a natural convection stage → a nuclear boiling stage, cannot simulate a film boiling stage of a large container boiling process, and has a defect in function. Aiming at teaching experiment application, an experiment system for simulating and measuring the boiling convection heat transfer coefficient of a large container safely and stably in the whole process is not recorded in the prior art, so that the problems need to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large container boiling experiment system, aiming at solving the problems that the existing experiment system can not simulate the film boiling stage of the large container boiling process, so that the function of the experiment system is deficient, and the whole process simulation of the large container boiling can not be carried out.
A large container boiling experiment system comprises a computer, a power regulation main control console, a sealing chamber and a data acquisition instrument;
the sealed cavity is filled with liquid working medium, and a heating rod is arranged in the sealed cavity and used for heating the liquid working medium, and the liquid working medium submerges the heating rod;
wherein, the liquid working medium is a low-boiling-point liquid substance, and the boiling point of the low-boiling-point liquid substance is lower than 50 ℃;
the power regulation master control console is used for regulating the heating power phi of the heating rod, the heating rod continuously transfers heat to the liquid working medium along with the continuous rise of the surface temperature of the heating rod, and the heat exchange between the liquid working medium and the surface of the heating rod sequentially goes through the following 4 stages: natural convection stage, nucleate boiling stage, transition boiling stage and film boiling stage;
the data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring the surface average temperature t of the heating rod at each stage1And the temperature t of the liquid working medium in the sealed cavity at each stage2And sending the collected result to a computer for display;
the computer is also used for calculating the average surface temperature t of the heating rod at the corresponding stage according to the heating area A of the heating rod1Temperature t of the liquid working medium at the corresponding stage2And the heating power phi of the heating rod at the corresponding stageObtaining the convection heat transfer coefficient h of the liquid working medium at the corresponding stage, and displaying the convection heat transfer coefficient h so as to complete the simulation of the whole boiling convection heat transfer process of the large container of the liquid working medium;
wherein,and delta t represents the temperature difference between the average surface temperature of the heating rod and the temperature of the liquid working medium.
Preferably, the sealed chamber is composed of a transparent organic glass circular tube with sealed upper and lower ports, the upper port of the organic glass circular tube is sealed by an upper cover plate and an upper flange plate, and the lower port of the organic glass circular tube is sealed by a lower cover plate and a lower flange plate;
the sealed cavity is also internally provided with a heat insulation base, a cooling coil, a working medium temperature probe and 2n thermocouples, wherein the value of n is a positive integer;
the heat insulation base is fixed on the lower cover plate of the organic glass round tube and is fixed with a heating rod;
the cooling coil is arranged in a cavity at the upper part of the organic glass round tube, a water inlet/outlet of the cooling coil is led out through the upper cover plate, and the cooling coil is used for adjusting the steam pressure in the sealed cavity;
the working medium temperature measuring probe is used for detecting the temperature of the liquid working medium and sending the obtained temperature of the liquid working medium to the data acquisition instrument;
the 2n thermocouples are divided into two groups, each group comprises the n thermocouples, the two groups of thermocouples are respectively used for collecting the temperatures of two opposite side surfaces of the heating rod and sending the collected temperatures to the data acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition instrument averages the temperatures collected by the two groups of thermocouples to obtain the surface average temperature t of the heating rod1。
Preferably, sealing gaskets are arranged between the upper cover plate and the upper flange plate and between the lower cover plate and the lower flange plate.
Preferably, the upper flange plate is arranged on the outer wall surface of the upper port of the organic glass circular tube, and a sealing ring is arranged between the upper flange plate and the outer wall surface of the upper port;
the lower flange plate is arranged on the outer wall surface of the lower port of the organic glass circular tube, and a sealing ring is also arranged between the lower flange plate and the outer wall surface of the lower port.
Preferably, the large container boiling experiment system further comprises a steam temperature measuring probe, wherein the steam temperature measuring probe is used for detecting the steam temperature in the sealed cavity, uploading the steam temperature to a computer through a data acquisition instrument, and displaying the steam temperature through the computer.
Preferably, n has a value of 2.
Preferably, the upper cover plate is further provided with a pressure outlet and an exhaust port.
Preferably, the lower cover plate is also provided with a working medium charging and discharging opening.
Preferably, the filling height of the liquid working medium is half of the height of the sealed chamber.
Description of the principle:
(1) the experimental system disclosed by the invention needs to perform exhaust operation before use so as to remove air brought in when the liquid working medium is filled, the power regulation main control console sets heating power to heat the heating rod, the pressure gauge can be used for measuring the pressure of the sealed cavity, the sealed cavity performs exhaust when the pressure of the cavity rises to 50kPa, the operation is repeated for 2-3 times, and the exhaust is stopped before the gauge pressure is reduced to 0.
(2) When the experimental system is used, the heating rod can be heated by resetting the heating power through the power regulation main control console, the heating power is set at intervals of 30-50W, 4-5 working condition points are set until the heating is in a film boiling stage, and the boiling convection heat transfer coefficient of the large container under different working conditions is measured, so that the experimental system can be used for teaching demonstration experiments.
The invention has the advantages that aiming at the difficulty of measuring the boiling convection heat transfer coefficient of the large container, the invention combines teaching requirements, adopts the closed chamber to realize boiling under the pressure of single working medium steam, can realize the simulation of a film boiling zone stage, and finally realizes the whole process simulation of the boiling of the large container.
The invention adopts low boiling point liquid substance as working medium, can realize boiling at lower temperature, the critical heat flux density of the working medium is low, the temperature of the heating rod rises in the range that the material can bear when in transition boiling, and the equipment can not be burnt.
The invention aims at teaching experiment application, can carry out experiment for measuring the boiling convection heat transfer coefficient of a large container, and can also carry out teaching of a plurality of items of convection heat transfer experiments. The experiment system has the advantages of multiple functions, simplicity in operation, high stability and the like, and remote teaching can be realized through the experiment system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large vessel boiling experiment system;
fig. 2 is an exploded assembly view of the sealed chamber, wherein reference numeral 400 denotes a bolt.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the embodiment is described, and the system for boiling experiments of large containers in the embodiment includes a computer 100, a power regulation console 200, a sealed chamber 300 and a data acquisition instrument 400;
the sealed chamber 300 is filled with a liquid working medium 301, and is also provided with a heating rod 302 therein, the heating rod 302 is used for heating the liquid working medium 301, and the liquid working medium 301 submerges the heating rod 302;
the liquid working medium 301 is a low-boiling-point liquid substance, and the boiling point of the low-boiling-point liquid substance is lower than 50 ℃;
the power regulation master console 200 is used for regulating the heating power phi of the heating rod 302, and as the temperature of the surface of the heating rod 302 continuously rises, the heating rod 302 continuously transfers heat to the liquid working medium 301, and the heat exchange between the liquid working medium 301 and the surface of the heating rod 302 sequentially goes through the following 4 stages: natural convection stage, nucleate boiling stage, transition boiling stage and film boiling stage;
the data collector 400 is used for collecting the average surface temperature t of the heating rod 302 at each stage1And the temperature t of the liquid working medium 301 in the sealed chamber 300 at each stage2And sends the collected results to the computer 100 for display;
the computer 100 is further configured to calculate the average temperature t of the surface of the heating rod 302 at the corresponding stage according to the heating area A of the heating rod 3021Temperature t of the liquid working medium 301 at the corresponding stage2And the heating power phi of the heating rod 302 at the corresponding stage, obtaining the convection heat transfer coefficient h of the liquid working medium 301 at the corresponding stage, and displaying the convection heat transfer coefficient h, thereby completing the simulation of the whole boiling convection heat transfer process of the large container of the liquid working medium 301;
wherein,at represents the temperature difference between the average temperature of the surface of the heating rod 302 and the temperature of the liquid working substance 301.
By adopting the large container boiling experiment system, the convection heat transfer coefficient under the film boiling state can be obtained, and the whole process simulation from the natural convection stage → the nucleate boiling stage → the transition boiling stage → the film boiling stage is finally realized.
The invention adopts low boiling point liquid substance as working medium, can realize boiling at lower temperature, the critical heat flux density of the working medium is low, the temperature of the heating rod rises in the range that the material can bear when in transition boiling, and the equipment can not be burnt.
Referring to fig. 2 to explain the preferred embodiment, the sealed chamber 300 is made of a transparent plexiglas tubular tube with sealed upper and lower ports, the upper port of the plexiglas tubular tube is sealed by an upper cover plate 303-1 and an upper flange 304-1, and the lower port of the plexiglas tubular tube is sealed by a lower cover plate 303-2 and a lower flange 304-2;
the sealed cavity 300 is also internally provided with a heat insulation base 305, a cooling coil 306, a working medium temperature probe 307 and 2n thermocouples 308, wherein the value of n is a positive integer;
the heat insulation base 305 is fixed on the lower cover plate 303-2 of the plexiglass circular tube, and the heating rod 302 is fixed on the heat insulation base 305;
the cooling coil 306 is arranged in a cavity at the upper part of the plexiglass circular tube, a water inlet/outlet of the cooling coil 306 is led out through the upper cover plate 303-1, and the cooling coil 306 is used for adjusting the steam pressure in the sealed chamber 300;
the working medium temperature probe 307 is used for detecting the temperature of the liquid working medium 301 and sending the obtained temperature of the liquid working medium 301 to the data acquisition instrument 400;
the 2n thermocouples 308 are divided into two groups, each group includes n thermocouples 308, the two groups of thermocouples 308 are respectively used for collecting the temperatures of two opposite side surfaces of the heating rod 302 and sending the collected temperatures to the data collector 400, the data collector 400 averages the temperatures collected by the two groups of thermocouples 308 to obtain the surface average temperature t of the heating rod 3021。
In the preferred embodiment, the sealed chamber 300 has a simple structure, and is easy to implement, and the sealed chamber 300 is implemented by a transparent plexiglass circular tube, so that the whole process of simulating the state from the natural convection stage → the nucleate boiling stage → the transition boiling stage → the film boiling stage is convenient to observe.
In the preferred embodiment, two groups of thermocouples are used for collecting the heating rod 302, n thermocouples 308 in each group are distributed at different positions on the same side surface of the heating rod 302 during application, and the two groups of thermocouples 308 are in one-to-one correspondence on the two side surfaces of the heating rod 302 to obtain the average heating temperature t of the heating rod 3021The obtained result of the convection heat transfer coefficient h is more accurate.
In the preferred embodiment, the upper cover plate 303-1 and the upper flange 304-1 are fixed by bolts 400, and the lower cover plate 303-2 and the lower flange 304-2 are fixed by bolts 400.
In the preferred embodiment, the optimal value of n is 2.
In the preferred embodiment, the cooling water is introduced into the cooling coil 306 to cool the steam in the sealed chamber 300, so as to adjust the gas pressure in the sealed chamber 300.
The thermocouple 308 can adopt a 50-micron thermocouple for measurement, the reaction speed is high, the measurement precision is high, and the working medium temperature probe 307 can be a pt100 temperature probe.
The heat-insulating base 305 is made of heat-insulating ceramic, so that the heating rod can generate heat to be used for heating working media, and the measurement precision is improved.
Referring to fig. 2 for illustrating the preferred embodiment, gaskets 309 are disposed between the upper cover plate 303-1 and the upper flange 304-1, and between the lower cover plate 303-2 and the lower flange 304-2.
In the preferred embodiment, the sealing pad 309 is disposed to ensure the air tightness of the sealed chamber 300, so as to ensure the accuracy of the convective heat transfer coefficient h under a certain boiling pressure.
Referring to fig. 2 to explain the preferred embodiment, the upper flange 304-1 is disposed on the outer wall surface of the upper port of the plexiglas circular tube, and a sealing ring 311 is disposed between the upper flange and the outer wall surface of the upper port;
the lower flange plate 304-2 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the lower port of the circular organic glass tube, and a sealing ring 311 is also arranged between the lower flange plate and the outer wall surface of the lower port.
In the preferred embodiment, the sealing rings 311 are disposed to ensure the stability of the upper and lower flanges with respect to the sealing chamber 300.
Referring to fig. 2 to illustrate the preferred embodiment, the system for boiling experiments of large containers according to the preferred embodiment further includes a steam temperature probe 310, the steam temperature probe 310 is used for detecting the temperature of steam in the sealed chamber 300, uploading the temperature of the steam to the computer 100 through the data collector 400, and displaying the temperature of the steam through the computer 100.
The instructional experiment system in the preferred embodiment further comprises a steam temperature probe 310, and the steam temperature probe 310 can be prepared for other subsequent experiments, such as an experiment for measuring the film-shaped condensation heat transfer coefficient. The steam temperature probe 310 may be a pt100 temperature probe.
Referring to fig. 2 for explaining the preferred embodiment, the upper cover plate 303-1 is further provided with a pressure outlet and an exhaust port.
In the preferred embodiment, the pressure outlet and the exhaust port are provided in such a manner as to adjust the pressure of the gas in the sealed chamber 300.
Referring to fig. 2 to illustrate the preferred embodiment, the lower cover plate 303-2 is further provided with a working medium charging/discharging port. The working medium charging and discharging port is used for charging and discharging the working medium.
Referring to fig. 2, the filling height of the liquid working medium 301 is half of the height of the sealed chamber 300. The setting mode of the filling height of the liquid working medium 301 ensures that the test condition is optimal.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. A large container boiling experiment system is characterized by comprising a computer (100), a power regulation main console (200), a sealing chamber (300) and a data acquisition instrument (400);
the sealed chamber (300) is filled with liquid working medium (301), and is also internally provided with a heating rod (302), the heating rod (302) is used for heating the liquid working medium (301), and the liquid working medium (301) submerges the heating rod (302);
wherein the liquid working medium (301) is a low-boiling-point liquid substance, and the boiling point of the low-boiling-point liquid substance is lower than 50 ℃;
the power regulation main control console (200) is used for regulating the heating power phi of the heating rod (302), the heating rod (302) continuously transfers heat to the liquid working medium (301) along with the continuous increase of the surface temperature of the heating rod (302), and the heat exchange between the liquid working medium (301) and the surface of the heating rod (302) sequentially goes through the following 4 stages: natural convection stage, nucleate boiling stage, transition boiling stage and film boiling stage;
the data acquisition instrument (400) is used for acquiring the surface average temperature t of the heating rod (302) at each stage1And the temperature t of the liquid working medium (301) in the sealed chamber (300) at each stage2And sending the collected result to the computer (100) for display;
the computer (100) is also used for calculating the average surface temperature t of the heating rod (302) at the corresponding stage according to the heating area A of the heating rod (302)1The temperature t of the liquid working medium (301) at the corresponding stage2And the heating power phi of the heating rod (302) at the corresponding stage, obtaining the convection heat transfer coefficient h of the liquid working medium (301) at the corresponding stage, and displaying the convection heat transfer coefficient h, thereby completing the simulation of the whole boiling convection heat transfer process of the large container of the liquid working medium (301);
wherein,Δ t represents the temperature difference between the average temperature of the surface of the heating rod (302) and the temperature of the liquid working medium (301).
2. The large container boiling experiment system of claim 1, wherein the sealed chamber (300) is formed by a transparent plexiglas circular tube with sealed upper and lower ports, the upper port of the plexiglas circular tube is sealed by an upper cover plate (303-1) and an upper flange plate (304-1), and the lower port of the plexiglas circular tube is sealed by a lower cover plate (303-2) and a lower flange plate (304-2);
a heat insulation base (305), a cooling coil (306), a working medium temperature probe (307) and 2n thermocouples (308) are also arranged in the sealed cavity (300), and the value of n is a positive integer;
the heat insulation base (305) is fixed on a lower cover plate (303-2) of the plexiglass circular tube, and the heating rod (302) is fixed on the heat insulation base (305);
the cooling coil (306) is arranged in a cavity at the upper part of the plexiglass circular tube, a water inlet/outlet of the cooling coil (306) is led out through the upper cover plate (303-1), and the cooling coil (306) is used for adjusting the steam pressure in the sealed chamber (300);
the working medium temperature measuring probe (307) is used for detecting the temperature of the liquid working medium (301) and sending the obtained temperature of the liquid working medium (301) to the data acquisition instrument (400);
the 2n thermocouples (308) are divided into two groups, each group comprises the n thermocouples (308), the two groups of thermocouples (308) are respectively used for collecting the temperatures of two opposite side surfaces of the heating rod (302), the collected temperatures are sent to the data acquisition instrument (400), the data acquisition instrument (400) averages the temperatures collected by the two groups of thermocouples (308), and the surface average temperature t of the heating rod (302) is obtained1。
3. A large vessel boiling test system as claimed in claim 2 wherein gaskets (309) are provided between the upper cover plate (303-1) and the upper flange (304-1) and between the lower cover plate (303-2) and the lower flange (304-2).
4. The large container boiling experiment system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the upper flange (304-1) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the upper port of the plexiglas circular tube, and a sealing ring (311) is arranged between the upper flange and the outer wall surface of the upper port;
the lower flange plate (304-2) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the lower port of the organic glass circular tube, and a sealing ring (311) is also arranged between the lower flange plate and the outer wall surface of the lower port.
5. The large container boiling experiment system of claim 1, further comprising a steam temperature probe (310), wherein the steam temperature probe (310) is used for detecting the steam temperature in the sealed chamber (300), uploading the steam temperature to the computer (100) through the data acquisition instrument (400), and displaying the steam temperature through the computer (100).
6. The large vessel boiling experimental system of claim 2 wherein n is 2.
7. The large vessel boiling experiment system of claim 2, wherein the upper cover plate (303-1) is further provided with a pressure outlet and an exhaust port.
8. The large container boiling experiment system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lower cover plate (303-2) is further provided with a working medium charging/discharging port.
9. A vat boiling test system according to claim 1 wherein the filling height of the liquid working substance (301) is half the height of the sealed chamber (300).
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| CN201910820552.XA CN110470695A (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | A kind of bulk container boiling experimental system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113218990A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏科技大学 | Visual pool boiling experiment system and working method thereof |
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