RU174560U1 - Gas mask for protection against mercury vapor poisoning - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of devices and can be used to protect respiratory organs from various impurities contained in air, in particular mercury vapor. The utility model also relates to the field of gas masks, which are used to protect against toxic, chemical and biological substances, industrial dust containing mercury vapor. The technical result achieved by using the claimed utility model is: expanding the arsenal of protective equipment and increasing the duration of their operation; ensuring a high degree of human protection against poisoning by mercury vapor in the performance of their duties; high efficiency filtration of mercury vapor. A gas mask for protection against poisoning with mercury vapor, containing a spectacle assembly, a face seal, inspiratory and expiratory nodes, a membrane device, a filter device, according to the claimed technical solution, comprises a filter device mounted on a face seal, made of a multilayer layer including a chemical absorber between mutually arranged two dust tampons, a copper mesh with cells of 7-8 microns, coated with copper nanoparticles, a magnetized steel mesh with a mesh size of 1-2 microns m, coated with magnetic ferrite powder with a particle size of 1-500 nm; at the same time, a check valve is additionally installed in the exhalation unit; in addition, the outer surface of the gas mask, including a gas mask, a multilayer filter device and a non-return valve, with the exception of the eyeglass unit, are covered with two layers of silicone emulsion, between which a layer of magnetic powder of brand ferrite with a particle size of 1-500 nm is applied. 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the field of devices and can be used to protect human respiratory organs from various impurities contained in air, in particular from toxic mercury vapor. The utility model also relates to the field of gas masks, which are used to protect against toxic, chemical and biological substances and to protect against industrial dust containing mercury vapor.

Known filtering and absorbing device, which contains a series of anti-aerosol filters, a first grid, an absorber layer, a second grid, an anti-dust swab sequentially arranged in a closed lid housing (RF patent No. 113663, IPC А62В 23/00, publ. February 27, 2012).

The disadvantages of the filtering and absorbing device are the lack of a device that prevents the deposition of mercury vapor on its body, the insecurity of the respiratory system from poisoning by mercury vapor.

Known gas mask containing the front part, the first and second sealing means, an air intake, an air outlet, a means of supplying air under pressure and a sealing element (GB patent No. 2301094, IPC A62B 18/00, A62B 18/08, publ. 20.06.2007).

In this case, protection of the human respiratory tract from mercury vapor is not provided, which is a disadvantage of the invention, mercury vapor can be adsorbed on the surface of the gas mask.

An analogue can also be considered a filtering and absorbing device that contains an aerosol filter, a first mesh, an absorber layer, a second mesh, at least one dust swab, and a compound is used as a sealant (RF patent No. 130856, IPC АВВ 23/02, publ. 10.08.2013).

The disadvantages of the filtering and absorbing device are difficulties arising in the manufacture of the device, it lacks properties that do not allow mercury vapor to settle on the housing, and the protective properties from mercury vapor are negligible.

Also known is a multilayer protective mask against poisoning by mercury vapor (patent No. 158754, IPC АВВ 18/02, published: 01/20/2016), containing a rectangular non-woven filter material, devices for attaching the mask to the head, a spacer in the form of an elastic two-layer insert, a copper mesh 0.1 mm thick with 1.0 - 2.0 nm cells, coated with synthetic resin enamel (Revell EMAIL COLOR) with copper nanoparticles on both sides with a layer thickness of 100 nm, and a magnetized iron mesh 0.1 mm thick deposited on its surface ferrite magnetic powder particles of 1-500 nm.

The disadvantage of this utility model is that the protection of the human respiratory tract from inhaling mercury vapor is provided only by 98.6%, and not 100%, which is extremely important when working with mercury or mercury-containing materials and products (for example, industrial enterprises, whose technologies include measures to protect the respiratory organs of workers from mercury vapor contained in the working areas of the air - coal-fired thermal power plants, chlor-alkali production, cement production, solid household incineration waste, disposal of mercury-containing lamps), as well as in the aftermath of emergency situations (respiratory protection of employees of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, emergency situations and the elimination of natural disasters from poisoning with mercury vapor), when the concentration of mercury vapor in the air is very high.

A well-known gas mask (RF patent No. 2489183, IPC АВВ 18/00, published on 08/10/2013) containing a panoramic eyeglass unit and a face obturator with inspiratory, expiratory nodes and a membrane device located on it, characterized in that the face obturator and inspiratory nodes and exhalation, the membrane device and the eyeglass node are a single whole, while the area of the eyeglass node is 75-90% of the cast surface of the mask.

The disadvantages of this invention are the lack of properties that would prevent the deposition of mercury vapor on its surface, as well as the absence of a filtering device.

As a prototype, a filter gas mask with a source of negative ions was taken (RF patent for PM 137205 from 10.16.2013), characterized in that it consists of a front part with an exhalation valve assembly and an inspiration valve assembly connected to the filtering-absorbing box by means of a connecting pipe, At the same time, a negative ion source module connected to the electronic power supply unit is built into the inspiration valve assembly, and the negative ion source module is made in the form of a ring-shaped core of dielectric material with integrated Trafioletny LEDs with a wavelength of 400-100 nm.

However, when the inhaled air is saturated with negative oxygen ions, there is no decrease in the concentration of mercury vapor.

The objectives of the utility model are: 1) improving the safety of the human respiratory system; 2) preventing the accumulation of mercury vapor both on the surface of the gas mask and filter device, and in storage areas of the gas mask; 3) protection of the gas mask from exposure to the environment.

The technical result achieved by using the claimed utility model are:

expanding the arsenal of protective equipment and increasing the duration of their operation;

ensuring a high degree of human protection against poisoning by mercury vapor in the performance of their duties;

high efficiency filtration of mercury vapor.

The technical result is achieved by using a gas mask to protect against mercury vapor poisoning, containing a panoramic spectacle unit, a face obturator, inspiratory and expiratory nodes, a membrane device, a non-return valve and a multilayer filter device, which consists of a dust swab, an absorber and two nets, one of which is a copper mesh with 7-8 μm cells and copper nanoparticles, and the second is a magnetized steel mesh with a mesh size of 1-2 μm coated with a magnetic powder of ferrite grade ПЯ6030.017ТУ with p zmerom particles of 1-500 nm, and a multilayer protective coating. The multilayer coating consists of two layers of silicone emulsion, between which a layer of magnetic powder of ferrite of the grade ПЯ6030.017ТУ with a particle size of 1-500 nm is installed. A multilayer protective coating is applied over the entire surface of the outer surface of the multilayer filter device and gas mask, with the exception of the panoramic eyeglass unit, thereby protecting the multilayer filter device and gas mask from the deposition of mercury vapor on them, which prevents the accumulation of mercury vapor on the surface of the gas mask and filtering device, and in places of their storage, and also protects against environmental influences and damage during operation.

Siloxane vulcanizates are significantly superior to rubber from organic rubbers in their ability to maintain mechanical properties under conditions of thermal aging. This ability of rubbers from siloxane rubbers almost does not change with prolonged exposure to heat for several years and a temperature of 200 ° C (Handbook of rubber worker. Materials of rubber production. M: Chemistry, 1971. S. 139-147).

A utility model is illustrated in FIG. 1-3. In FIG. 1 of the drawings shows a General view of the gas mask, in FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a multilayer filter device; FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a protective coating.

The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - gas mask;

2 - gas mask;

3 - front obturator;

4 - membrane device;

5 - node inspiration;

6 - exhalation node;

7 - panoramic spectacle node;

8 - check valve;

9 - a protective coating;

10 - multilayer filtering device.

11 - metal case;

12 - chemical layer of the absorber;

13 - dust swab;

14 - protruding surface;

15 - a copper mesh coated with enamel with copper nanoparticles;

16 - magnetized steel mesh;

17 - silicone emulsion;

18 - ferrite powder;

19 - mercury vapor.

The gas mask 1 consists of a gas mask 2 and a multilayer filter device 10 that prevents the inhalation of mercury vapor 19. The gas mask 2 is made of polystyrene-ethylene butylene polymer, over which a multilayer protective coating 9 is applied, consisting of two layers of silicone emulsion 17, between which there is a magnetic layer ferrite powder 18. The gas mask 2 contains a face obturator 3, a membrane device 4, an inhalation unit 5, an exhalation unit 6, a panoramic spectacle unit 7, a non-return valve 8, a multi-layer protective th floor 9 and a multilayer filter device 10.

The multilayer filter device 10, made in the form of a metal casing 11, contains an anti-dust swab 13 located in the lower and middle parts of the device, between which a chemical layer of the absorber 12 is installed, two nets are installed on top of the anti-dust swab 13, one of which is a copper mesh coated with enamel with copper nanoparticles 15 with cells of 7-8 microns (ASTM-E2016-06), and the second magnetized steel mesh 16 with a mesh size of 1-2 microns (TU 14-4-1374) coated with magnetic powder of ferrite grade ПЯ6030.017ТУ with particle size from 1-500 nm.

Grid size ranges are selected according to the known TU and ASTM. Sizes in smaller ranges are absent, and their manufacture in the laboratory is difficult. Dimensions over large ranges impair mercury vapor protection.

To hold all the components in the multilayer filter device 10, protruding surfaces 14 are installed, with the help of which their stability is ensured.

For the manufacture of a multilayer filter device 10, any kind of existing chemically interacting with mercury and both adsorbing and diamagnetic filter materials can be used. For example, such as a copper mesh 15 coated with antimicrobial enamel of synthetic resin (Revell Email Color), with copper nanoparticles (Mironova G.A., Ildarkhanova F.I., Egorova E.M., Sosenkova L.S. Paints and varnishes modified copper nanoparticles // Paintwork materials and their application, 2012, No. 1 and 2, pp. 80-82) on both sides with a layer thickness of 100 nm, a magnetized iron grid 16 with magnetic ferrite powder 18, the particles of which form a magnetic field that can repel vapors mercury 19, which is inserted in front of the copper mesh 15, a dust-proof swab 13 and chemical The absorber layer 12, as well as a protective coating 9, consisting of two layers of silicone emulsion 17, between which there is a layer of ferrite powder 18, which is applied over the entire surface of the filtering device 10 and gas mask 2, except for the panoramic eyeglass unit 7.

Utility Model Implementation

To obtain a flexible, strong, lightweight gas mask 2, in which the face seal 3, inspiratory nodes 5, the membrane device 4 and the eyeglass unit 7 are a single unit, the perimeter of the cavity of the eyeglass unit 7 is preliminarily enclosed in the molding cavity of the mold, and it is poured into it under pressure thermoplastic polyurethane, remove the septum and, under pressure, fill in the form of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene, which forms the front obturator 3. Thus, the entire manufacturing process of mask 2 is carried out in one injection mold, on one thermoplastic vtomate and in one work cycle.

Having put on a gas mask 1, the front obturator 3 fits snugly on the skin and makes the gas mask 2 airtight, thereby preventing mercury vapor from entering the airways. The membrane device 4 does not allow moisture vapor to accumulate when using a gas mask 1 on the walls of the panoramic eyeglass unit 7. When putting on a gas mask 1, the inspiratory unit 5 and the exhalation unit 6 provide oxygen and a mixture of gases (CO ₂ and other gases) respectively from the gas mask 2 . The review is provided using the panoramic eyeglass unit 7.

The role of the multilayer filter device 10 when inhaling is as follows: a chemical absorber 12 installed in a metal housing 11 absorbs a variety of gases or vapors of organic substances from the inhaled air, two dust-proof swabs 13 provide an efficient collection of dust that may come from the air or can be emitted from the absorber 12 into device operating time. When air is inhaled in a mixture with mercury vapors 19 (in emergency situations), vaporous mercury 19 interacts physically with copper of copper wire mesh 15, and a magnetized iron wire 16 coated with magnetic ferrite powder repels mercury vapor, further protecting respiratory organs from poisoning. To hold all the components, protruding surfaces 14 are installed in the multilayer filtering device 10, by which their stability is ensured. When the concentration of mercury vapor in the air is so high that a magnetic field passes a certain amount of mercury, the copper grid 15 with copper nanoparticles adsorbs mercury, chemically interacting with the mercury vapor, binding them.

When mercury vapor 19 (in emergency situations) enters the gas mask 2, mercury vapor 19 interacts physically and chemically with copper, and a magnetized steel mesh 16 coated with magnetic ferrite powder repels mercury vapor. To hold all the components, protruding surfaces 14 are installed in the multilayer filtering device 10, by which their stability is ensured. When the concentration of mercury vapor in the air is so high that a magnetic field passes a certain amount of mercury, the copper grid 15 with copper nanoparticles adsorbs mercury, chemically interacting with the mercury vapor, binding them.

Wearing a gas mask 1, when inhaling air containing mercury vapor 19, which repel from a magnetized steel mesh coated with magnetic ferrite powder 16 and from a multilayer protective coating 9, as a result, mercury vapor 19 does not penetrate the human airways and does not settle on the surface of the mask 2 gas mask and a multilayer filter device 10. Even if it becomes possible to penetrate the mercury vapor 19 further than the steel mesh coated with magnetic ferrite powder 16, they are held by a copper mesh coated with enamel with nanoparticles copper 15, forming an amalgam of mercury with copper. Thus, mercury vapor 19 is completely trapped by the multilayer filter device 10 and does not settle on the surface of the gas mask 1. When the gas mixture (CO ₂ and other gases) is exhaled, sufficient pressure is created in the gas mask 2 to open the check valve 8 and exit this gas mixture through exhalation unit 6, and to prevent mercury 19 from getting into the gas mask 2 through the hole that is formed when the check valve 8 is working, a protective coating 9 is applied to its surface, which prevents mercury 19 from getting into the mask 2 p rotivogas, and then into the human respiratory tract.

The layers of silicone emulsion 17, between which there is a layer of magnetic ferrite powder 18, cover the surface of the entire gas mask 1, with the exception of the spectacle panoramic unit 7, thereby protecting the gas mask 1 from the deposition of mercury vapor 19 on its surface.

The copper mesh can be easily removed from the filter housing, then treated with a 20% aqueous solution of FeCl ₃ or a 10% aqueous solution of KMnO ₄ acidified with a 1% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid.

Air purification is based on the fact that mercury vapors that are in the air and are the products of a shot are adsorbed on the surface of the copper mesh 15, thus being bound, i.e. chemical interaction between mercury and copper. As a result of the chemical interaction of mercury vapor with pure copper, amalgams are formed, which after a certain period of time (500 h) are dissolved with a solution of FeCl ₃ or a solution of KMnO ₄ acidified with hydrochloric acid. Copper after cleaning with amalgam solutions, coated with copper nanoparticles, can again be used to protect against mercury vapor poisoning, i.e. able to actively interact with mercury vapor. At the same time, copper activity is manifested both in a dry and in a humid atmosphere.

It is also known that magnets repel mercury vapors and thereby provide additional protection for a person from mercury vapor, i.e. mercury is one of the known diamagnetics, its diamagnetic effect (pushing of an external magnetic field) is high, and the atomic magnetic susceptibility of mercury is 0.19 0,110 ^-6 .

Magnetized steel mesh 16 coated with magnetic ferrite powder 18 is the first protective element in the filter device 10, thereby creating an additional protection element for the filter device 10, which prevents mercury vapor from entering the respiratory tract.

Example.

A comparative analysis was made of the content of mercury generated after decomposition of mercury fulminate (explosive mercury, initiator) as the contents of a cartridge for a Makarov pistol on the inner surface of a multilayer filter gas mask made according to a utility model, after 1000 shots containing mercury on the inner surface of a multilayer protective mask (patent Utility Model No. 158754 of March 25, 2015. A multilayer protective mask against poisoning by mercury vapor / G.K. Lobacheva, N.V. Pavlichenko, A.S. Kyose). The mercury content on the inner surface of the multilayer gas mask filtering device after 1000 shots is 0.001 0,0010 ^-4 , and that of the analog is 0.060⋅10 ^-4 mg / cm ² .

Claims (1)

Gas mask for protection against poisoning by mercury vapor, containing a filter device mounted on a front obturator, made of a multilayer one, including a sequentially installed chemical absorber between mutually arranged two dust tampons, a copper mesh with cells of 7-8 μm, coated with copper nanoparticles, a magnetized steel mesh with a size cells of 1-2 microns, coated with magnetic ferrite powder with a particle size of 1-500 nm; at the same time, a check valve is additionally installed in the exhalation unit; in addition, the outer surface of the gas mask, including a gas mask, a multilayer filter device and a non-return valve, with the exception of the eyeglass unit, are covered with two layers of silicone emulsion, between which a layer of magnetic ferrite powder with a particle size of 1-500 nm is applied.

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