RU173779U1 - COLON TYPE DISTILLATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to alcohol production, in particular to apparatus for the production of rectified food alcohol, and can be used for the disposal of easily perishable agricultural products by processing them into ethyl alcohol in small premises at the factory or in everyday life. The distiller contains a distillation cube, a vertical column connected to it, which is a direct-flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger similar to a pipe in a pipe, which contains two parts: below the casing, above the reflux condenser. A connecting elbow connects the reflux condenser to a vertically arranged second heat exchanger of the same design, which is a condenser. The removable cube lid is equipped with a temperature sensor with a probe and a pressure relief valve, the reflux condenser and condenser are a multi-tube heat exchanger. The technical result is an increase in productivity in the production of alcohol while maintaining the compactness of the device. 1 s.p. f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to alcohol production, in particular to apparatus for the production of rectified food alcohol, and can be used for the disposal of easily perishable agricultural products by processing them into ethyl alcohol in small premises at the factory or in everyday life.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is the patent RU No. 156382 U1B01D 3/00 (2006.01), publ. November 10, 2015, in which the distiller contains a distillation cube, a vertical column connected to it using a flange, which is a direct-flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger like a pipe in a pipe, a connecting pipe connecting the column to a second heat exchanger of the same design, located vertically. The second heat exchanger is a condenser. A bimetallic thermometer is installed in the upper part of the column, the thermocouple of which is located in the stream of alcohol vapors. The refrigerant is fed into the annulus of both heat exchangers simultaneously through a bifurcated pipe in the lower part of the heat exchangers. Direct-flow movement of refrigerant and vapor is provided in the column, and counter-flow in the condenser. The flow rate of refrigerant into the annulus of the column is controlled by a valve installed in the bifurcated pipe. The refrigerant drain from both heat exchangers is combined into a single stream with a valve-controlled tube. Disadvantages: poor cooling and condensation of alcohol vapors in single-tube heat exchangers, resulting in low productivity. In addition, the lack of temperature control in the evaporator tank and the absence of a pressure relief valve protecting against explosion reduces the device’s performance while increasing productivity.

The disadvantages of the prototype eliminates the claimed technical solution.

The technical task is to increase the productivity of the device with the current technology of controlled reflux by increasing the cooling area in heat exchangers and increasing the rate of vapor condensation.

To solve the technical problem, the following design is proposed.

To increase the productivity of the device, it is necessary to increase the cooling rate of the vapor in the heat exchangers. For this, the first column — a vertical heat exchanger (a direct-flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger by the type of pipe in pipe) is divided into two unequal parts. The lower part is the drawer, the design of which is similar to the direct-flow heat exchanger of the prototype, and the upper part is a reflux condenser, which is made with several tubes located in parallel in order to increase the cooling area and increase the condensation speed. However, it does not condense all the pairs, but only part of them; therefore, the main condensing function is performed by the second heat exchanger, which takes the place of the second vertical column, similar to the countercurrent counterflow heat exchanger of the prototype, which is a condenser that is full-length as well as a reflux condenser made multi-tube. Thus, the main difference between the proposed technical solution from the prototype is the multi-tube design of heat exchangers: reflux condenser and condenser. The specified design achieves an increase in the rate of cooling and condensation of alcohol vapors, thereby significantly increasing productivity.

It also helps to control the parameters at high capacity that, in addition to the thermometer in the upper part of the column (connecting elbow), the removable cap of the distillation cube is equipped with a thermometer with a probe, which allows you to measure the boiling point of the raw material and make an appropriate conclusion about the residual alcohol content in the mash (10% mash) boils at 80 ° С, and water - at 100 ° С). The closer the temperature on the thermometer to 100 ° C, the less alcohol remains in the brew and the sooner distillation must be stopped. In addition, for the automatic process control, a pressure relief valve is installed in the lid of the distillation cube. In the event of overheating and a dangerous increase in pressure in the tank with an increase in productivity, the valve releases excess steam, which ensures the safe operation of the device.

Pairs from the cube rise along the king and fall into the reflux condenser. The dephlegmator is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with several tubes (2, 3 or more). Several tubes provide a larger condensation area for vapors than one tube - compared with the prototype, which increases the cooling rate of the vapor and the performance of the device. Vapors are fed into the tubes, the refrigerant enters the annulus of the reflux condenser. In the reflux condenser, the alcohol from the vapors partially condenses and returns by gravity down to the collet column. In the tsar, condensate (phlegm), flowing in the form of a film of liquid, occurs with ascending vapors of alcohol. The heat and mass transfer of the vapor and liquid encountered in the tsar creates a gradient of alcohol concentration in the vapor and reflux (reverse flow), as a result of which the vapor absorbs alcohol from the phlegm, and the phlegm (return flow) absorbs water from the vapor. Due to this, the pairs are strengthened to a fortress above 90% vol. (in theory, it is possible to strengthen up to 96% vol. and get pure alcohol)

In addition, various contact devices can be installed in the tsar to increase the heat transfer area, increasing the area of interaction between liquid and vapor: metal washcloths, metal shavings, various regular nozzles (Panchenkova, Zultser, spiral prismatic). At low steam speeds, operation is possible without an internal column filler - heat and mass transfer is carried out by a liquid film on the surface of the column.

The temperature control of alcohol vapors is carried out using a thermometer. The thermometer probe is installed in a stream of alcohol vapor.

The vapors of alcohol strengthened after the reflux condenser and the collet fall through the connecting elbow into the condenser, which is also a multi-tube heat exchanger. In the condenser, the vapors condense into liquid alcohol and enter the receiving tank through the product outlet nozzle. Refrigerant (usually cold tap water) enters the annulus of the reflux condenser and condenser through tees and tubes.

The regulation of the reflux condenser cooling is carried out with the help of a screw clamp, controlledly blocking the tube. The clamp may be absent if the phlegm formation is controlled by heating the distillation cube - for example, when heated on a domestic stove with a heating power regulator.

The technical result is an increase in productivity while maintaining the compactness of the device.

The technical result is achieved by a device design containing a distillation cube, a removable cover of which is equipped with a temperature sensor with a probe and a pressure relief valve, vertical straight-through and counter-flow heat exchangers (condenser), connecting elbow, connecting tubes, characterized in that the direct-flow heat exchanger contains two parts: below the king and above the reflux condenser, while the reflux condenser and condenser are a multi-tube heat exchanger. As a special case, in the tsar, to increase the heat transfer area, contact devices are installed that increase the area of interaction of liquid and vapor.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by the images in FIG. 1-3.

FIG. 1. General diagram of the device.

FIG. 2. Connection of the drawer and the multi-tube reflux condenser (diagram): a) straight view, b) isometry.

FIG. 3. The connection of the drawer and multi-tube reflux condenser (photo).

Where

1 - distillation cube;

2 - thermometer with probe;

3 - pressure relief valve;

4 - removable cover;

5 - fastening clamp-coupler nodes of the apparatus;

6 - the king;

7 - reflux condenser;

8 - connecting knee;

9 - thermometer with probe;

10 - capacitor;

11 - connecting tees;

12 - screw clamp;

13 - connecting pipe;

14 - fastening a clamp-coupler of a removable cover;

15 - spout of the product outlet.

Implementation example

The distiller consists of a distillation cube 1 connected to it by fastening 5 of a vertical column — collet 6, which is a straight-through shell-and-tube heat exchanger like a pipe in a pipe, a vertical multi-tube reflux condenser 7, a connecting elbow 8 connecting the upper part of the reflux condenser 7 to the upper part a second heat exchanger 10 of the same multi-tube design, also located vertically. The second heat exchanger 10 is a condenser. In the upper part of the reflux condenser 7, a bimetallic thermometer 9 is installed, the thermocouple of which is located in the stream of alcohol vapors. Refrigerant (for example, water) is supplied to the annulus of both heat exchangers simultaneously through a bifurcated pipe 11 in the lower part of the heat exchangers, thus direct flow of refrigerant and vapor is provided in the reflux condenser 7, and counter-flow in the condenser 10. The flow rate of the refrigerant into the annulus of the reflux condenser 7 is regulated by a screw clamp 12 installed in the bifurcating pipe 11. The discharge of refrigerant from both heat exchangers is combined into a single stream by a pipe 13 in the upper part of the heat exchangers regulated by a screw clamp 12. A thermometer 2 is installed in the removable cover 4 of the distillation cube 1 with a probe, which allows you to measure the boiling point of raw materials and make a conclusion about the residual alcohol content in the mash (mash with a strength of 10% boils at 80 ° C, and water at 100 ° C). The closer the temperature on the thermometer to 100 ° C, the less alcohol remains in the brew and the sooner distillation must be stopped. A pressure relief valve 3 is installed in the cover 4 of cube 1. In the event of overheating and a dangerous increase in pressure in the tank, the valve relieves excess steam, which ensures safe operation while increasing the productivity of the device.

The device operates as follows. Pairs from the cube 1 rise along the tsar (column) 6 and fall into the reflux condenser 7. The reflux condenser 7 is a multi-tube heat exchanger with the number of tubes 2 or more. An example implementation shows 4 tubes. Several tubes provide a larger condensation area for vapors than one tube (compared with the prototype), which significantly increases the productivity of the device.

Vapors are supplied to the tubes of the reflux condenser 7, the refrigerant enters the annular space of the reflux condenser 7. In the reflux condenser 7, the alcohol from the vapors partially condenses and returns by gravity down to the column 6. In condenser 6 condensate (phlegm), flowing down in the form of a liquid film, meets ascending vapors of alcohol. The heat and mass transfer of the vapors and liquids encountered in tsar 6 increases the alcohol concentration gradient in the vapors and reflux (reverse flow), as a result of which the vapors absorb alcohol from phlegm and the phlegm (return flow) absorbs water from the vapors. Due to this, the pairs are strengthened to a fortress above 90% vol. (in theory, it is possible to strengthen up to 96% vol. and get pure alcohol).

In tsar 6, to increase the heat transfer area, various contact devices can be installed that increase the area of interaction between liquids and vapors: for example, metal washcloths, metal shavings, various regular nozzles of Panchenkov, Sulzer, spiral prismatic nozzles. At low steam speeds, operation is possible without an internal column filler - heat and mass transfer is carried out by a liquid film on the surface of the column. Temperature control of alcohol vapor is carried out using a thermometer 9. The probe of the thermometer is installed in the stream of alcohol vapor. The pairs of alcohol strengthened after reflux condenser 7 and collet 6 pass through the connecting elbow 8 into the refrigerator (condenser) 10, which is also a multi-tube heat exchanger, where due to the larger number of tubes (two or more) compared to the prototype, cooling is faster, which increases the productivity of the device . In the refrigerator 10, the vapors condense into liquid alcohol and enter the receiving tank through the product outlet nozzle 15.

Refrigerant (for example, cold tap water) enters the annulus of the reflux condenser 7 and the refrigerator 10 through the tees 11 and the pipe 13. The tees 11 and the pipe 13 may be absent if double-circuit cooling is connected. The cooling of the reflux condenser is controlled by means of a screw clamp 12, which controls the tube 13. The clamp 12 may be absent if the phleg formation is controlled by heating the distillation cube 1 - for example, when heating on a domestic stove with a heating power regulator.

Claims (2)

1. A column type distiller containing a distillation cube, the removable cover of which is equipped with a temperature sensor with a probe and a pressure relief valve, vertical straight-through and counter-flow heat exchangers (condenser), connecting elbow, connecting tubes, characterized in that the direct-flow heat exchanger contains two parts: below the king and above the reflux condenser, while the reflux condenser and condenser are a multi-tube heat exchanger. 2. The column type distiller according to claim 1, characterized in that contact devices are installed in the tsar to increase the heat exchange area, increasing the area of interaction of liquid and vapor.

Images