RU173541U1 - BUILDING BLOCK - Google Patents

Abstract

The technical solution relates to the field of construction, namely to the elements of building structures, and can be used as fixed formwork for monolithic construction of buildings and structures. The technical result of the claimed technical solution is to expand the technological capabilities of the block. The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the building block, including side walls connected by partitions with the formation of a cavity for accommodating structural material, and fixing elements, walls locks connected by partitions form an equilateral cube with openings on its four sides, while for connecting with other blocks, two of the four mutually perpendicular sides are provided with perimeter perpendicular locking elements in the form of latches made in the form of a rectangular shape, two on each side of the opening with a gap in its middle part, in cross section similar to half the tip of the arrow with a tip at 45 degrees, and the other two sides are made with beveled inward at an angle of 45 g Adus edges along the perimeter of the opening to interact with the latches of the attached block. The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the block is provided with an end wall for laying the corners of the building. The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the block consists of three, four, five equilateral cubes for laying window and door The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the lateral outer wall or the outer and inner walls of the block are made with a decorative or protective pad.

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of construction, namely to the elements of building structures, and can be used as fixed formwork in the monolithic construction of buildings and structures.

The well-known building block EV Lapina, containing the main part in the form of a parallelepiped with a protrusion in the middle, the volume of which is equivalent to 1/3 of the main part. In the building block, three through cavities are made in the main part and one in the protrusion, and openings are made in the walls of the through cavities perpendicular to the axial line of the block (see patent RU No. 2074296 C1, IPC Е04С 1/00, Е04В 2/14).

The disadvantages of the known building block include: low adhesion of the blocks to each other as a result of the absence of end fixing elements.

A known building block containing side walls connected by partitions, forming a space for monolithic, as well as fixing elements: horizontal ledges and end walls, ridges on end ledges, protruding above the walls to a height of 0.02-0.1 from the height of the walls, horizontal grooves walls corresponding to the location, configuration and size of the ridges.

(see patent RU No. 2074931 C1, EV 2/08).

The disadvantages include the complexity of the design of the unit, a large weight, which increases labor costs and transportation costs to the construction site.

The closest technical solution to the claimed one is a building block containing lateral longitudinal walls connected by partitions with the formation of cavities for placement of a structural and / or heat-insulating liner and locking protrusions (see patent RU No. 2162500 C1, IPC EB 2/16).

The disadvantages of the known block include: slightly reduced bearing capacity when placed in the cavities of both structural and heat-insulating liners, the high complexity of manufacturing the block, low reliability of fixing blocks.

The development objective is to create a building block, a lightweight, universal hollow product that is a fixed polyethylene formwork or reinforcing coating for the accelerated and simplified construction of monolithic buildings and structures of increased strength and seismic resistance.

The technical result of the claimed technical solution is to expand the technological capabilities of the unit.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a building block including side walls connected by partitions to form a cavity for accommodating structural material, and fixing elements, block walls connected by partitions, form an equilateral cube with openings on its four sides, while for connection with other two of the four mutually perpendicular sides are provided with blocks along the perimeter with fixing elements protruding above the surface of the openings in the form of latches made of a rectangular shape, laid two on each side of the opening with a gap in its middle part, in cross section similar to half the arrowhead with a tip at a 45 degree angle, and the other two sides are made with bevelled edges inward at a 45 degree angle around the perimeter of the opening to interact with the latches of the attached unit .

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the lateral outer wall or the outer and inner walls of the block are made with a decorative or protective pad.

The construction of the building block in the form of an equilateral cube with openings on its four sides, the provision of the openings of two mutually perpendicular sides with locking elements in the form of latches, interacting with the edge of the openings of the attached blocks, made with a cut inward at an angle of 45 degrees, allows you to make from factory-made building sets of blocks for various structures, deliver these sets to the construction site, including in hard-to-reach places, and on-site to easily and reliably connect the blocks to each other with and due to the implementation of the fixing elements - latches made of plastic, which under pressure on the attached unit are folded into the opening and engage with the edge of the cut of the opening, and when straightened, they attract the blocks to each other, expanding the technological capabilities of the block.

The ability to perform a building block with a side outer wall or outer and inner walls with a decorative or protective cover expands its technological capabilities.

In FIG. 1. General view of the building block in a perspective view:

a) a block for the middle part of the wall;

b) a block with an external decorative overlay.

In FIG. 2. Three projections of the building block:

a) section along AA in FIG. 2b; b) view along arrow A in FIG. 2a;

c) view along arrow B in FIG. 2a.

In FIG. 3. A fragment of a building structure made of building blocks for filling with concrete with the release of fixing elements.

In FIG. 4. The mechanism of action of the latch:

a) shows the latch in the form of a half arrow; b) the location of the slice of the opening of the block and the latch of the attached block before engagement; c) the location of the slice of the opening of the block and the latch after engagement.

In FIG. 5 The fastening of the building block of the lower row to the corner plastic or metal profiles mounted on a concrete base (foundation) is shown.

The building block includes an outer, street wall 1 and an inner wall 2, facing the inside of the house. The parallel walls 1 and 2 are connected by partitions (jumpers), forming an equilateral cube with side A, with openings on its four sides: opening “a” - left, opening “b” - upper, opening “c” - right, opening “d "- lower (Fig. 1a, Fig. 2a). Two of the four openings, namely: the openings "a" and "d", perpendicular to each other, are provided around the perimeter with fixing elements in the form of latches 3, which are a protruding body element. On each side of the aperture “a” or “d”, two latches 3 are made in the form of an elongated rectangular part placed with a gap in the center (Fig. 2). The distance between the latches makes it possible to move the blocks relative to each other by half the length of the block. The latch 3 in cross section resembles a half of the arrowhead with a tip under 45 ° to the axis (Fig. 4a). Two other openings, namely: the opening "b" - the top and the opening "c" - the right, have a slice of 4 edges into the cube at an angle of 45 ° (Fig. 4b, c). The outer wall 1 can be made with an external protective or decorative lining 5 (Fig. 1b). The inner wall can also be made with a decorative overlay.

The outer wall of the building block, made of composite material or having a protective decorative overlay 5, can decorate the external facade of the building for a long time without additional repair and painting (Fig. 1b).

For high strength and seismic resistance of the assembled structure before pouring concrete through the vertical and horizontal rows of building blocks, reinforcement 6 is installed (Fig. 3), made of fiberglass, carbon fiber or metal. Also, before pouring concrete, electric cable channels 7 are mounted (Fig. 3). If the wall thickness allows, mount exhaust ventilation.

The building block is used as follows.

Building blocks in ready-made kits manufactured at the factory are delivered to the construction site for assembly on site and filling the structure with heavy or light concrete, depending on the project. On the prepared concrete base 8, metal or plastic corner profiles 10 along the perimeter of the structure are fixed with screws 9 on the width of the building block (Fig. 5) Using the fixing elements - latches 3 in the vertical walls of the blocks, the first lower horizontal row of the structure is assembled. To the bottom row of building blocks did not emerge when pouring the concrete mortar inside, each block of the bottom row is fixed with screws 11 to the corner profiles 10. (Fig. 5). Then collect the second horizontal row of blocks. Further, the upper row of blocks is neatly combined with the lower row of blocks. When pressing on top of the block, the latch 3 bends and is fixed by a cut 4 of the side of the opening, and returning to its original position, it tightly attracts the blocks to each other (Fig. 4). In FIG. 3 shows a fragment of a building structure with the allocation of the junction of the four blocks using latches 3. In FIG. 3 in the bottom row from left to right is the first-I and second-II blocks, in the second row from left to right - the third-III and fourth-IV blocks. The locking element under the number 3-1 connects the first-I and third-III blocks, the locking element under the number 3-2 connects the third-III and second-II blocks, the locking element under the number 3-3 connects the first-I and fourth-IV blocks . The construction of a building or structure is poured with mortar in stages, in 2, 3, 4 or 5 rows, depending on the stiffness of the blocks and the viscosity of the solution. Then time is given for setting the mortar in this part of the building. During the setting of the mortar in one part of the building, installation of building blocks and concrete pouring of the structure in another part of the building are carried out.

A building block in the form of a lightweight universal hollow polyethylene product of a given shape with a simplified assembly of modules from it according to the design principle, accelerating construction and facilitating the construction of monolithic buildings and structures in hard-to-reach, remote or high mountains, will find application in the construction field.

Claims (2)

1. A building block, including side walls connected by partitions to form a cavity for accommodating structural material, and fixing elements, characterized in that the walls of the block connected by partitions form an equilateral cube with openings on its four sides, while for connection with other blocks two of the four mutually perpendicular sides are provided around the perimeter with fixing elements protruding above the surface of the apertures in the form of latches made of a rectangular shape, arranged two on each each side of the aperture with a gap in its middle part, in a cross section similar to a half of a boom tip with a tip at 45 degrees, and the other two sides are made with edges slanted inward at a 45 degree angle around the perimeter of the opening to interact with latches of the attached unit. 2. The building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral outer wall or the outer and inner walls are made with a decorative or protective pad.

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