RU2074296C1 - Building block - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: civil engineering. SUBSTANCE: building block includes the main part 1 and ledge 2 with through cavities 3 provided with apertures 5. On laying the above building blocks, the cavities are filled with materials of different characteristics to provide wall structures of required characteristics. EFFECT: producing wall structure with specified characteristics. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to construction, namely to wall piece elements for the construction of precast-monolithic structures of enclosing walls.

Known building block with a through vertical cavity facing the end surfaces [1]
A disadvantage of the known design is to ensure the construction of only single-layer wall structures.

Known building block of a T-shape containing a structural part and a cavity for filling with insulating material [2]
The disadvantage of this building block is its design, which determines the alternation of insulating and supporting fragments in the wall structure, which significantly reduces both the heat transfer resistance and the load-bearing capacity of the wall structure.

 The objective of the invention is the expansion of the range of wall structures by improving the design of the building block.

 The task is achieved by the fact that in the building block Lapina E.V. including the main part and the protrusion with through cavities, the protrusion is made with one and the main part with three cavities, while the main part of the block or the main part and the protrusion of the block are made with openings in the walls of the cavities perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the main part of the block.

 In FIG. 1 shows a T-shaped ordinary building block, a perspective view; figure 2 L-shaped ordinary building block, a perspective view; figure 3 (a, b, c and d), the serial layout of the T- and L-shaped building blocks when laying a single-layer enclosing structure with pilasters, top view; figure 4 is a fragment of a two-layer building envelope of T-shaped building blocks, a horizontal section along the axis of the openings; 5 a fragment of a three-layer basement wall structure, a horizontal section along the axis of the openings.

 Building block Lapina E.V. contains the main part 1 in the form of a parallelepiped, in which in the middle (Fig. 1) or on the corner (Fig. 2) a protrusion 2 is made with a volume equivalent to, for example, 1/3 of the main part 1. In this building block, four through cavities 3 are made of which three in the main part 1 and one in the protrusion 2, while the openings 5 are made in the walls of the through cavities 3, perpendicular to the axial line of the block.

 In various combinations of laying a building block E. Lapina rows of cavities are formed in the wall structure for filling with materials of different characteristics with the subsequent formation of functional layers in the wall structure. For example, a layer of thermal insulation axis 4TI (Figs. 3-5); structurally insulating axis 4KI (figure 4); structural axis K (figure 5).

 If necessary, the protrusion 2 of the building block is performed without openings 5, which determines the vertical channel 6 in the wall structure (Fig. 5).

 In the case of the presence of one functional layer in two directions, the through cavity 3 in the protrusion 2 can be made with three openings (figure 5).

 Building block Lapina E.V. It can be made of structural concrete (heavy concrete, expanded clay and slag concrete), of structural insulating concrete (wood concrete, arbozolitobeton, aerated concrete, sawdust concrete), as well as plastics and wood.

 Building block Lapina E.V. used as follows.

 Example 1. For the erection of a single-layer wall structure reinforced with pilasters, T- and L-shaped building blocks are placed in order on a binder solution with dressing in 1/3 of the length of the main part 1. Heat-insulating material 7 is laid in its through cavities 3 in the form of: an insert, backfill or cast concrete, and in the through cavity 3 of the protrusion 2 lay heavy concrete 8 (Fig. 3). If it is necessary to increase the bearing capacity, for example, for the subsequent installation of a monolithic belt or the installation of a crank beam, a reinforcing frame 9 is installed in the through cavities 3 of the protrusion 2, followed by filling with structural concrete (not shown) [Fig. 3a, b, c and d] To increase the options, in addition to the T- and L-shaped building blocks, a block equivalent to the main part 1 (without protrusion 2) or 2/3 of it (not shown) can be used.

 Example 2. For the construction of two-layer structures of enclosing walls, for example, only from T-shaped building blocks (Fig. 1), the latter are laid on a binder solution (an even number in each direction of the walls) with ligation in 1/3 of the length of the building block (Fig. 4). In the resulting two rows of communicating through cavities 3 along the axis 4TI and 4KI, respectively, heat-insulating 7 and structurally-insulating concrete 10 are laid with the formation of two functional layers in the building envelope: insulating and supporting. To reinforce the angle, a reinforcing cage 9 can be installed in the corresponding through cavity 3, followed by filling with heavy concrete (not shown).

 Example 3. For the construction of a three-layer structure, for example, the basement wall, from T- and G-shaped blocks on a binder solution, lay out two single-layer structures (as in example 1) [as in FIG. 3] towards each other with protrusions 2 (Fig. 5). To reduce groundwater filtration, the outer row of the through cavities 3 along the 4G axis is filled with a solution of clay-sand mixture 11. The heat-insulating inner layer along the 4TI axis is obtained after filling the through cavities 3 located along this axis with heat-insulating materials 7 (similar to examples 1 and 2). To form the bearing part of the wall structure, heavy concrete 8 is placed in the niches 12 formed between the rows of building blocks, and the through cavity 3 of the protrusion 2 can be made with three openings 5 into which the reinforcement 13 is installed and filled with heavy concrete 8. If necessary, part of the through cavities 3 protrusions 2 can be performed without openings 5, with the formation of through channels 14 during installation of the wall, which can be used as ventilation shafts, for which a connecting channel 15 s is made in the wall from the premises entreshetkoy 16 or connecting to the ventilation system (not shown). Through channels 14 can also be used for laying pipelines, cable products, as chimneys, air heating channels, etc. (not shown).

 The proposed design of the building block E. Lapina provides with a minimum product range the possibility of erecting a significant range of wall structures for various purposes with high structural and thermal characteristics.

Claims (1)

 A building block comprising a main part and a protrusion with through cavities, characterized in that the protrusion is made with one and the main part with three cavities, while the main part of the block or the main part and the protrusion of the block are made with openings in the walls of the cavities perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the main parts of the block.

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