RU171850U1 - High-speed cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for pre-sowing and steam tillage. Technical result: increased productivity, reduced energy costs, ensuring a smooth soil surface with a stable depth of loosening of the upper layer. The essence of the utility model: the share of the working body is made in the form of a flat isosceles knife, along the rear side of which there is a cultivating spiral, while the ridges is a flat leaf spring, the end The second part which is hinged pivotably downwards by 30 ° .On end portion gryadilya performed successively two slits under the rack of the working body. 1 s.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for pre-sowing and steam tillage.

State of the art

Known cultivator type KPS - 4, including a beam, on which sections with ridges are placed, with working bodies mounted on them in the form of a stand with a ploughshare (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines - M .: Kolos, 2006, p. 73-75).

Depth of processing is supported by copy wheels. However, in view of the fact that they are located at a distance from the lancet paws, it is impossible to achieve high stability of their course. The presence of a crumbling angle and racks cutting the topsoil lead to spreading, removal of moist soil behind the racks, and the formation of grooves. Their depth and width increases with increasing speed of the working movement of the cultivator. It creates a low-tech background for sowing.

A well-known machine with combined tillage organs, including sections with flat knives fixed on them on racks, which are placed under the rollers (RU 2514994, Rudenko N.E., Padaltsin K.D. / Combined tillage working body, published on 05/10/2014, Bull No. 13)

The disadvantage is that after the passage of such a working body, moist soil is brought to the day surface, the bottom of the groove behind the knife stand is exposed, which leads to additional energy costs and the growth of evaporated soil moisture.

The closest in technical essence is a tillage tool containing a bar with ridges, to which racks of flat knives are mounted with a rod roller placed behind them (Patent RU 2205527 Mazitov N.K., Gireyev R.G. et al. / Tillage implement, published 10.06 .2003).

The disadvantages include:

- copying rollers move along the soil treated with paws, which leads to a violation of the stability of the depth of processing;

- paws and rollers interact with the soil, which increases energy costs;

- racks of paws with an increase in the speed of the working movement increase the rejection of the soil, the formation of grooves.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed utility model is to increase productivity, reduce energy costs, ensure a level soil surface with a stable depth of loosening of the upper layer.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the ploughshare is made in the form of a flat isosceles knife, along the rear side of which there is a tillage spiral, while the ridges are a flat leaf spring, the end part of which is mounted pivotally, with the possibility of rotation downward by 30 °.

On the end part of the ridge, two rectangular grooves are made in series for the rack of the working body.

Brief description of drawings and other materials

In FIG. 1 - Given a diagram of an energy-saving high-speed cultivator, a top view;

In FIG. 2 - The scheme of the working body;

In FIG. 3-Also, a top view;

In FIG. 4 - Also, side view;

In FIG. 5 - Also, a diagram of the fixing of the tillage spiral to the share, side view;

In FIG. 6 - Also, the scheme of the ridge when the cultivator is raised, side view;

Utility Model Implementation

The energy-saving high-speed cultivator includes a beam 1 (Fig. 1) with ridges 2 on which the working bodies are mounted 3. A beam 4 is attached to the beam 1 with brackets 4. 12 ridges are placed on the cultivator with an energy-saving high-speed capture width of 4 m 2. End 5 of the bed 2 mounted pivotally with the possibility of turning down 30 °. At the end part 5, two rectangular openings (not shown in FIG.) Are made in series to accommodate the racks 6 of the working body 3 of the cultivator in them.

The working body 3 includes a rack 6, a ploughshare 7, a bed 8 and a tillage spiral 9.

The ploughshare 7 is a flat isosceles knife with a cutting angle of 0 °. The ploughshare 7 is made in the form of an isosceles triangle.

The angle 2γ determines both the width of the ploughshare and its length. To reduce bias and more efficient cutting of soil and weeds, the angle γ must be reduced. However, for a given working width "B", a decrease in γ leads to an increase in the share length:

The increase in l _L can lead to the sticking of the soil on the ploughshare 7, to the lubrication of the bottom of the groove.

Therefore, the angle γ established experimentally is 30 °.

The width of the capture share 7 is determined by the following formula:

where In - the width of the cultivator, m;

n _r is the number of ridges on the cultivator, pcs;

δ - overlap between shares, m

When B = 4 m; n _r = 12; δ = 0.03 m:

The ploughshare thickness is 11-5 mm, the material is st. 65g.

Tillage spiral 9 is made in the form of a compression spring. It is installed behind the ploughshare 7 (Fig. 2).

In view of the fact that soil cultivation is envisaged to a depth of 0.04 ... 0.05 m, the outer diameter of the tillage spiral is D = 50 mm. The diameter of the wire is d = 3 ... 4 mm. Wire material - steel 60С2А (elastic modulus E = 212000 MPa).

Tillage pitch: t = πD⋅tgβ,

where β is the angle of inclination of the helix of the tillage spring, deg.

In order for the soil to crumble and not to clog the tillage spiral, we take: t = D.

;

; β=17°.Then:

;

; β = 17 °.

The turns of the tillage spiral 9 are passed through the holes drilled in the ploughshare 7 (Fig. 5)

The index of stability of the depth of processing can be expressed by the following dependence:

where l is the distance from the copying element to the working body, m;

h - depth of tillage, m

The smaller the distance l and the greater h, the higher the stability index. The maximum value of P _s will be when the working and copying functions are performed together, that is, l = 0.

The ploughshare 7 copies, and the spiral 9 acts on the soil, being in the same vertical plane with the ploughshare, which provides a single path of movement, the same copying of the surface, which preserves the stability of the depth of processing.

Tillage spiral 9 is made in the form of a compression spring. She is wound on the back of the share.

In view of the fact that tillage is provided to a depth of 0.04 ... 0.05 m, the outer diameter of the tillage spiral is assumed. D = 50 mm. The diameter of the wire is d = 3 ... 4 mm. Wire material - steel 60С2А Spiral pitch:

where β is the angle of inclination of the helix of the tillage spiral, deg.

In order for the soil to crumble and not to clog the tillage spiral, we take: t = D.

; β=17°.Then:

; β = 17 °.

The force required to deepen the tillage spiral:

,

,

where V is the speed of the working movement of the cultivator, km / h;

V ₀ = 6 km / h - initial speed;

ε = 0.02 ... 0.03 - speed coefficient, (km / h) ^-1

k - soil resistivity, N / m ² .

Substituting the known values into the formula, the force F _G is determined when the cultivator is operating at a speed of 16 km / h: F _G = 209 Η.

Based on design considerations, we take the section of the ridge 2: b _r = 80 mm, t _r = 8 mm.

,Then the length of the ridge:

,

where E = 2,12⋅10 ¹¹ Pa - elastic modulus.

With known values: l _g = 0.8 m

The end portion 5 of the ridge 2 is pivotally mounted. There are two rectangular openings on it, into which stands of 6 paws are inserted. The end part 5, the ridge 2 does not move up, but turns down at an angle of 30 °.

This angle should be greater than the angle of friction of the soil on the steel surface, which is 25 ... 27 °.

It is known that the performance of the cultivator:

W = 0.36V⋅V,

where V is the speed of the working movement, m / s;

In - the width of the cultivator, m

The productivity of the mobile unit is increased by increasing either the speed or the width of the grip.

However, increasing the width of the grip reduces operational reliability, and therefore, interchangeable productivity, reduces maneuverability. The design is complicated, since it is necessary to withstand the transport width of the grip, the material consumption of the auxiliary parts is increased compared to the working part of the machine.

With increasing speed, the stability of the machine’s progress increases, the momentum of forces in the direction of movement increases, which leads to an improvement in quality indicators.

Therefore, it is more efficient to increase the speed of the working movement to 4 ... 5 m / s with a smaller working width, while maintaining high productivity. In this regard, the optimal width can be considered the width of the energy-saving high-speed cultivator B = 4 m.

When the cultivator is raised on the headland, the end parts of the ridges mounted pivotally rotate 30 ° downward.

From the inclined plowshares 7 go the remains of weeds and the soil that has fallen on them. Self-cleaning occurs. When entering the plot, the cultivator is lowered on the move, the spiral 9 is deepened and the ridges 2 are set in a horizontal position under the influence of the soil reaction. A bed 2 in the form of a leaf spring provides for the movement of the ploughshare 7 along the surface of the soil, and spirals 9 in the soil carry out loosening, creating a fuzzy structure of the upper layer. At the same time, the turns of the spiral 9 provide an effect on the lumps of soil by stretching, which significantly reduces energy costs.

When the cultivator energy-saving high-speed occurs leveling of the surface, the tillage spiral 9 loosens the upper soil layer.

Compared with similar cultivators, the proposed cultivator has the following advantages.

Since the stand does not go in the soil, the cultivator with working bodies can work at speeds of 4 ... 5 m / s. This provides increased productivity. In view of the fact that only the soil-cultivating spiral 9 interacts with the soil and there is no rejection of it, the energy costs for performing the process are significantly reduced. Energy costs are also reduced due to the effect of the spiral on the soil by stretching rather than compression. According to Moore’s theory of strength, the energy consumption in compression is 6 ... 7 times higher in tension.

Claims (2)

1. High-speed cultivator containing a beam, sections with ridges, on which the working bodies are placed in the form of a stand with a share, characterized in that the share is made in the form of a flat isosceles knife, along the rear side of which there is a tillage spiral, while the ridges are a flat sheet spring, the end part of which is pivotally mounted, with the possibility of rotation downward by 30 °. 2. High-speed cultivator according to 1, characterized in that on the end part of the ridge two consecutive rectangular grooves are made under the rack of the working body.

Images