RU71503U1 - CULTIVATOR WESTERN WATER-SAVING - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for the cultivation of row crops: sunflower, corn, etc.

Effect: improving the process of crumbling soil; increased surface smoothness; prevention of removal of moist soil to the day surface; reduced evaporation of soil moisture.

The essence of the utility model: a cultivating cultivating, moisture-saving cultivator includes a bar with supporting-drive disc wheels, sections including a copying roller, ridges with a paw, while the copying roller is made of a non-axial spring from a square bar, with a vertical disk fixed to the end with a bearing unit connected using a rack with a bed, while underneath it is placed a dish-shaped paw, which is made with the possibility of installation in one of four positions relative to the rack by rotating it 90 °.

IL.4

3 P. F.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model belongs.

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, namely to row cultivators designed for processing corn, sunflower, sugar beets, etc.

BACKGROUND

A known cultivator is a row cultivator, consisting of a beam with support wheels, placed on the beam in sections with a set of working bodies (Klenin N.P. Agricultural and land reclamation machines / N.P. Klenin, V.A. Sakun. - M .; Kolos, 1994. - S.148-149).

The disadvantage of this machine is the lack of stabilizing the cultivator and section devices, most of the working bodies are single-operation.

A cultivator is known for cultivating, including a beam with support and drive wheels equipped with pneumatic tires, sections connected to the beam with rubberized copy wheels, replaceable working bodies are placed on the section bed. (Mechanization and electrification of agricultural production / A.P. Tarasenko, and others. - M .: KoloS, 2002. - S.147-150).

As disadvantages of this cultivator, the following can be noted: when hitting the supporting and driving wheels of the cultivator and the copying wheels of the section onto the lumps of soil, all working bodies are deepened. The wheels do not have a destructive effect on the lumps; a variation in the processing depth occurs.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the authors for the prototype is a cultivating cultivator containing a beam with supporting-drive wheels

made in the form of flat disks, the copying rollers of the sections are composed of needle and flat disks, and plate dumps are installed on the left and right flat cutting legs.

For cutting weeds, lancet paws are used. (Prototype. RF Patent No. 45223, CL. A01B 39/18, 59/04, publ. 05/10/2005. Bull. No. 13).

A row cultivator has several disadvantages.

Firstly, the required degree of soil crumbling and leveling of the field surface are not achieved. The presence of needle discs on the copying rollers of the section improves the process of crumbling the soil, but does not ensure its compliance with agrotechnical requirements: the size of the lumps of soil of the surface layer should be within 10 ... 20 mm. Used lancet paws carry moist soil to the surface, forming grooves up to 5 ... 6 cm deep, through which soil moisture evaporates, discard the soil, worsening the levelness of the surface.

DISCLOSURE OF A USEFUL MODEL

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed utility model is reduced to: improving the process of crumbling lumps of soil; increase the flatness of the surface; prevention of removal of moist soil to the day surface; reduce evaporation of soil moisture.

The technical result is achieved by using a cultivating, moisture-saving cultivator containing a bar with supporting-drive disc wheels, sections including a copying roller, ridges with legs, while the copying roller is made of a springless axle from a square bar with a vertical disk with a bearing unit fixed to the end connected by means of a rack with a bed, while a plate-shaped paw is placed under it, which is configured to be installed in one of four positions relative to the rack the rotation by 90 °, wherein the axle-free roller and the disc spring claw can move "up-down, forward-backward". Plate paw

creates a backwater and the lump of soil is destroyed by the active force from the side of the roller and the opposing force from the plate-shaped paw, which eliminates the indentation of a dense lump into softer subsoil layers. The location of the rods of the axle-free spring roller along the helix allows you to use transverse forces during crushing, that is, to carry out crumbling with a shift, while leveling the surface. The combination of a skating rink and a dish-shaped paw located underneath it reduces the rejection of the soil and the formation of furrows, thereby reducing the evaporation of soil moisture from the surface and inner layers. This is facilitated by the leveling of the surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The figure 1 - shows a section of a cultivator cultivating moisture-saving, side view;

figure 2 - shows a section of a cultivator cultivating moisture-saving, top view;

figure 3 - shows a dish-shaped paw, and - side view; b - top view;

figure 4 - shows the axle-less roller, and a side view; b - top view;

IMPLEMENTATION OF A USEFUL MODEL

The proposed cultivator tilled moisture-saving includes a beam 1 (Fig. 1) with secured sections 2. In front of section 2 there is a non-axial spring roller 3. A plate-shaped foot 4 is mounted on the bed of section 2, with stand 5. Plate-shaped foot 4 with stand 5 has the ability to move “forward “backward”, “up-down”, changing the position of the dish-shaped paw under the axle-free spring roller 3. On the square rods 6 are located the right-handed 7 and left-handed 8 plane-cutting paws with laminar blades 9. Lamellar blades 9 are moved “up-out z "along the slot 10. The width tray 4 paws (its diameter) corresponds to the length of the spring axle-free roller 3. The angle α crumbling

the dish-shaped paw 4 (figa) is 10 ... 12 °. The axle-free spring roller 3 (Fig. 4a) consists of a side disc 11, in the center of which a bearing assembly 12 is mounted, and a coiled bar of square cross section with a winding pitch of 34 ... 36 mm.

The cultivator cultivating moisture-saving works as follows

In the process of movement, crumbling of lumps of soil is carried out as a result of the impact on them of an axial-free spring roller 3 and a disk-shaped paw 4, the same pair of working bodies also provides for cutting weeds. The right-handed 7 and left-handed 8 plane-cutting legs installed on the section with lamellar dumps 9 also carry out weed cutting and at the same time carry out the hilling of cultivated plants.

Destruction of weeds in the row-spacing zone is carried out by cutting them with a disk paw 4 located under the axle-free spring roller along its entire length. A non-axial spring skating rink, bumping onto a weed stalk, tilts it, presses it to the ground, thereby pulling the underground part of the stalk, facilitating the cutting process. In addition, the axle-free spring roller 3 compacts the soil layer located between it and the paw, increasing the friction force, which guarantees high-quality cutting and stem removal from the surface of the blade of the disk-shaped paw 4. When soil is compacted with an axial-free spring roller 3, the rejection and flowing of the soil from passing into it stands 5 dish-shaped legs 4, which prevents the formation of furrows, through which the evaporation of soil moisture occurs.

The process of crushing the soil is improved due to two factors. Firstly, the use of a non-axial spring backup roller 3, wound from a square bar with a cross section of 14 × 14 or 16 × 16 mm with a pitch of 34 ... 36 mm, allows the transverse components of the roller’s gravity arising due to the existing angle of winding a square bar. Thus, crumbling occurs with a transverse shear, which positively affects the alignment and

mulching the surface of the soil. Secondly, the dish-shaped foot 4 located under the axle-free spring roller 3 creates a backwater or reaction reaction to the acting forces from the side of the axle-free spring roller 3. Lumps are crumbled between two hard surfaces, excluding the pressing of hard lumps into softer subsoil layers. So that the size of the soil lumps after processing does not exceed 20 mm, the pitch of the turns of the bar with its cross section of 14 × 14 or 16 × 16 mm is 34 ... 36 mm. The cross section of the bar is selected depending on the mechanical composition of the soil. On heavier soils, a cross-sectional bar of 16 × 16 mm is used, lighter - 14 × 14 mm.

The proposed axle-free spring roller 3 does not have a physical axis, which eliminates the winding of weeds and clogging of the inner cavity of the roller. The side disk 11, on which the bearing assembly 12 is located, is made with a smaller diameter than the spring coil. This provides a non-axial spring roller damping function. The forces acting on the axle-free spring roller are damped by it, which significantly reduces the variability of the working depth.

The shape of the dish-shaped paw 4 significantly strengthens its design and allows to reduce the sheet thickness to 2.0 ... 2.5 mm. In addition, unfolding the dish-shaped paw 90 °, you can use it repeatedly, since it is sharpened and hardened around the entire circumference.

The dish-shaped paw has a frontal effect on the soil, which reduces its rejection and the deterioration of the surface evenness.

Claims (3)

1. A cultivating cultivating, moisture-saving cultivator containing a bar with support-drive disc wheels, sections including a copying roller, a bed with legs, characterized in that the copying roller is made of a non-axial spring from a square bar with a vertical disk fixed to the end with a bearing unit connected to help racks with a ridge, while a plate-shaped paw is placed under it. 2. The cultivating cultivating moisture-saving cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the axle-free spring roller and the disk-shaped paw are mounted with the possibility of moving “up-down” and “forward-backward”. 3. The cultivating cultivator is water-saving according to claim 1, characterized in that the dish-shaped paw is made with the possibility of installation in one of four positions relative to the rack by turning it 90 °.