RU170523U1 - ENERGY-PRODUCING FURNACE OF LONG-BURNING BURNER - Google Patents

Abstract

A useful model of the Vartovchanka furnace relates to domestic heating systems and equipment that uses hot steam-air mixture in the process of burning solid fuel, as well as converts the generated heat into electricity using the Stirling external heating engine (17) and an electric generator working with it (18) ). The solid-fuel long-burning furnace "Vartovchanka" uses the original system of internal heating of the steam-air mixture entering the furnace (4) and serving to increase the time cycles of burnout This process is accompanied by a significant increase in temperature due to the saturation of the hot mixture of water vapor and air with carbon oxides and partial decomposition of the vapor into oxygen and hydrogen fractions. During heating and passing through a layer of hot coal, the air-steam mixture goes into the state of combustible water gas C + BUT → Н + СО. Water gas is a gas mixture, the composition of which in the average percentage ratio is: СО - 44%, N-6%, СО-5%, Н-45%. Water gas burns perfectly, its combustion temperature is 2800 kcal / m. He, increasing the temperature of the furnace, creates favorable conditions for cooking on the stove, heating the home using a steam heating circuit with a radiator, as well as for the operation of the Stirling engine and an electric generator that works in conjunction with this engine. The generator produces electric current for household and lighting fixtures.

Description

Technical field

A useful model of the Vartovchanka stove relates to domestic heating systems and equipment that uses hot steam-air mixture in the process of burning solid fuel. And also to equipment that converts the generated heat into electricity, using the Stirling heat engine and an electric generator working with it.

State of the art

Since the time in 1784 Lavoisier and Meunier invented a method for producing hydrogen by passing water vapor through a gun barrel heated up to 600 ° C, many researchers and inventors were eager to get cheap fuel out of the water.

On planet Earth, water is abundant. The specific heat of hydrogen combustion is approximately 140 MJ / kg (upper) or 120 MJ / kg (lower), which is several times higher than the specific heat of combustion of hydrocarbon fuels (for methane - about 50 MJ / kg).

In addition, a year earlier, Jacques Charles flew up to the clouds on his balloon, a Charlier, filled with hydrogen. This, too, inspired many, since this Jacques was able to get hydrogen for a whole balloon!

But hydrogen production by the interaction of iron and acid, as Henry Cavendish did in 1766, seemed to many to be an expensive, troublesome and unpromising affair. Few people wanted to split water by electrolysis, as Nicholson and Carlisle did in 1800, since electricity in those years was extremely rare and costly.

But to make water decay into atoms and burn by heating this substance is another matter! And two hundred years ago, and today to many experimenters, this seems quite an achievement result.

For two and a half centuries, researchers working in this direction made hundreds of discoveries, defended thousands of dissertations, wrote tons of scientific papers, received tens of thousands of patents, and the cart, on which the matter of getting cheap fuel from water had to move, remained standing near the old trunk flintlock gun Lavoisier and Meunier.

Breaking water into hydrogen and oxygen is still quite costly and energy intensive. Because no matter how we decompose the water, it consumes about 68.3 kcal / mol or 285.49 kJ. When burning the resulting hydrogen in oxygen, 68.3 kcal / mol is also released. And it turns out that changing the joule to the joule is only time to lose.

Therefore, gas-air mixtures obtained by mixing heated water, or water vapor, with the products of combustion of various types of fuel - coal, coke, methane, etc., are widely used in industry. They are not much, but still cheaper, in comparison with explosive gas, and quite heat-resistant.

Inventors working in this direction are constantly coming up with newer and newer methods of producing fuel mixtures. For example, the author of the invention, protected by patent No. 2528848, proposes to obtain synthetic gas by pumping hot steam through any crushed biomass. And the inventor No. 2522785 suggests burning brown coal directly in the underground formation, pumping an oxygen-vapor mixture through this formation, and then “sucking gasification products (energy gas) out of it”.

The mixtures thus obtained, consisting mainly of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and some small amount of other impurities, are actively used in metallurgy, energy, even in internal combustion engines.

But in domestic heating systems - boilers, stoves, cooking devices, until very recently, the ability of water to break down into oxygen with hydrogen and to participate in the combustion of other fuels was practically not used. Except, perhaps, for the device described in the work protected by patent No. 2363890. There, the author takes two tubes out of the water tank of the fuel furnace and has their nozzles facing each other above the grate. It is assumed that the steam coming out of the tubes, participating in the process of “turbulization of combustible gases”, will carry out some useful activity in the furnace. True, which one - the author does not specify. Apparently, the steam will improve the process of these gases escaping into the pipe, since in the process of burning the main fuel this steam, with this arrangement of nozzles, will not take any significant part.

All these subtleties were taken into account when developing the energy-producing long-burning furnace "Vartovchanka".

Utility Model Disclosure

The furnace runs on any solid fuel - coal, wood, peat, pellets, etc., the combustion temperature of which in the furnace (4) is 600 ° C and higher. If the combustion temperature is lower, the splitting of water vapor into oxygen and hydrogen in the fire center may not occur. The principle of operation is simple - the higher the temperature of the heated steam, the weaker the bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the water molecules and the more actively the carbon atoms in the combustion zone attract oxygen to themselves, forming CO molecules in water gas.

Utility Model Device

The furnace body consists of three layers: an iron sheet base, a 2-3-cm layer of foil mineral thermal insulation (2), see the diagram) and an outer metal layer responsible for the attractive aesthetic appearance of the device. The furnace body is equipped with a hermetically sealed firewood loading door (26), a blower (1), the outer mouth of which is made in the form of a perforated nozzle with a movable sleeve (29) put on it. The same pipe with the coupling is the outer part (27) of the air intake pipe (5). In the inner cavity of the furnace (4), a water tank (6) for water is installed with the mouth of the liquid topping out. Two steam boilers (9 and 24) are fixed on the hearth plate. From the water tank (6) to the series-connected steam boilers, to the radiator (7) back to the tank and to the furnace furnace there are steam pipes equipped with shut-off valves (11, 12, 13, 14 and 15), which ensure consecutive steam advancement along the process chain, feeding it to the furnace or, if necessary, the institution through the radiator back to the water tank. The first boiler is rigidly mounted with a Stirling two-piston engine (17), the “hot cylinder” of which is mounted inside this pressurized boiler, and the “cold” cylinder is mounted externally on the iron bracket.

The Stirling engine in this diagram is a classic, two-cylinder, but in general in this model any modification of external heating engines is applicable. "Stirling" is connected by a belt drive to a generator (18), an electric battery (28) saturating with electric current and a local area network (20) supplying electricity. A low-speed generator with a small starting force is used as a generator in the installation.

To the second boiler (9) from below, an intake pipe (5) passes through the furnace. In this boiler, the steam coming from the first boiler (24) and the heated air from the air intake (27) are mixed. From the second boiler, the gas-air mixture enters the furnace and is fed under a layer of burning fuel.

The furnace is ignited in the traditional way, with the furnace door open (26) and the blower clutch extended (29). The first and fifth (11, 15) shut-off valves are open, the second, third and fourth (12, 13, 14) are closed.

When the inner surface of the furnace (4) is heated to 200 ° C or more, the air intake pipe (5) starts to suck in air, but it is better to keep the air intake pipe sleeve (5) at this stage closed. The quick heating of the pipe is facilitated by the features of its design - heat-absorbing visors (32) and heat-absorbing washers welded onto it (31).

External thermal insulation of the furnace with foil sheets (2) of mineral stone wool also helps to accelerate the process of increasing the temperature in the furnace.

As soon as water boils in the in-tank tank (6), steam flows through the pipe into the heating boiler (24) of the “hot” cylinder of the Stirling engine (17) and then, through the first and fifth valves, passes through the radiator (7), the check valve (34 ) and goes back to the tank.

At this stage, steam is not sent to the furnace (4), since so far the temperature in the center of the burning center has not reached 600 ° С. Steam will only slow down the process of setting the operating temperature in the combustion chamber.

After the heating boiler (24) becomes tangibly hot, the user starts the steam-heated Stirling engine (17). The engine flywheel, by means of a belt drive, drives the generator (18). Thanks to this, the user receives electricity for some electrical appliances (21). Steam has been circulating all this time from the water tank to the Stirling engine, then to the radiator and vice versa.

When the air intake pipe (5) is heated red-hot and a noticeable layer of hot coal is formed in the combustion chamber (4), the user opens the sleeve (27) of the air intake pipe (5). Redness of the pipe indicates that the temperature in the center of the burning hearth has approached or even exceeded the 600 ° C mark. The air from the room begins to climb up the hot pipe. In the process of this ascent, it heats up intensely.

Next, the user opens the second, third and fourth valves (12, 13, 14), and closes valve number five (15).

Steam flows from the heating boiler (24) into the mixing boiler (9). Hot air comes from the chimney (5). Both jets meet there and heat up even more. The pressure in the boiler mixing air increases and the gases begin to look for a way out of the tank.

The gas-air mixture cannot get into the air intake pipe (5) due to the ball type check valve (8) standing in its way. The metal ball is hollow and has a small mass. It is easily lifted and enveloped by the laminar air flow ascending through the pipe (5). But from the mixing boiler (9), it is no longer possible to get air back. Therefore, the gas-air mixture rushes in the only possible direction - through a system of steam pipes (3) into the combustion chamber (4).

The vertical part of the steam line (3) along the entire length is equipped with the same welded heat-absorbing washers as the air intake pipe (5). In it, the steam-air mixture is heated even more.

Between the furnace (4) and the water tank (6), in order to minimize possible heat losses in the combustion chamber, a horizontal heat-reflecting screen (30) is made of thick-walled iron sheet with a decreasing slope of 5-7 ° towards the front of the furnace.

Both pipes pass through special cylindrical cavities (33) in the tank (6) and holes in the screen (30).

The slope of the heat-reflecting metal sheet (30) allows you to redirect part of the air rising from the combustion center (4) to warm up to the maximum possible temperature of the steam pipe (3) and the steam-air mixture descending through it into the furnace. Having thus passed the area of further heating, a jet of hot gas breaks out through special nozzles into the furnace (4).

The nozzles in the tubular steam system (3) face down to the furnace floor. This allows them to avoid clogging with combustion waste. And the gas jet emerging from the steam line (3) due to this arrangement of nozzles takes a turbulent structure. This form of flow contributes to a slower passage of the vapor-air mixture through a layer of hot coal and is more actively involved in the physical and chemical processes taking place there.

As a result of these processes, water gas is formed in the furnace - a gas mixture, the composition of which in the average percentage ratio is:

СО - 44%, N ₂ - 6%, СО ₂ - 5%, H ₂ - 45%.

The reaction proceeds according to the equation: C + H ₂ O → H ₂ + CO.

Thus obtained water gas burns perfectly, its combustion temperature is 2800 kcal / m ³ .

From this moment, the furnace enters its main operating mode.

The user closes the blower clutch. Following the operation of the device, he achieves the optimal operating mode of the furnace by regulating the steam flow by shut-off valves (11, 12, 13 and 14) and the air flow from the air intake pipe (5) using a sleeve (27).

If the volume of steam entering the furnace begins to grow, then by opening valve number five (15), you can redirect part of the steam-air mixture to the heating radiator (7). The same can be done, for example, if you need to provide heat to the next room, or more moderate heating of the stove is required for cooking.

In the most economical operating mode of the furnace, the user can almost completely or even completely block access to the room air inside the furnace. Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) formed in the furnace ignites at a temperature of 700 ° C and burns with a temperature reaching 2100 ° C, but this is in an ideal reaction mode, with a sufficient flow of oxygen, etc. In the Vartovchanka iron stove, it is not necessary to raise the temperature like this. And the melting point of iron itself, as we know, is only 1535 ° C. But here, the combustion reaction is chain, its initiators are small amounts of hydrogen-containing compounds (water, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.). The volume of hydrogen in water gas, as mentioned above, is 45% of the total volume of gases formed.

If the water in the tank is almost over and the user is forced to top up the water without waiting for the furnace to cool, he can do this (with all valves open) by relieving the residual vapor pressure (if there is any) using the tank cover valve (6) by unscrewing the lid and adding water through the funnel.

Brief Description of the Drawing

1. Blower with ash pan

2. External thermal insulation of the furnace - foil mineral stone wool

3. Tubes of steam outlet to the furnace, supplying the steam-air mixture to the burning fuel through the outlet nozzles

4. The combustion chamber

5. Intake pipe

6. Intra-flow water tank with vent cover equipped with an emergency and manual (by pressing on the stem) pressure relief valve

7. Heating radiator

8. Check valve with a hollow metal ball on the air intake pipe

9. The boiler mixing steam and hot air

10. Chimney

11. The first shut-off valve

12. Second shut-off valve

13. Third shut-off valve

14. Fourth shut-off valve

15. The fifth shut-off valve.

16. Steam supply pipe to the mixing boiler

17. Stirling engine cylinders with pistons inside them

18. An electric generator mounted above a heat-reflecting visor

19. The zone of greatest heating of the stove, the center

20. Electrical cables

21. Energy consuming appliances

22. Thermal reflective visor under the generator

23. Generator mounting frame

24. The boiler for heating the "hot" Stirling cylinder

25. In-line reflective screens that direct heat to the zone of maximum heating of the stove

26. Airtight door to the furnace

27. Clutch for adjusting the volume of air entering the intake pipe

28. Electric battery

29. Clutch for adjusting the volume of air entering the blower

30. Heat-reflecting metal screen that does not allow the water tank to affect the in-line temperature. The screen has a slope of 5-7 ° to the front door of the furnace and two openings for the air intake and steam conducting pipes

31. Metal thermal washers on the air intake pipe.

32. Metal heat-visors on the air intake pipe

33. Cylindrical cavities in the body of an in-line water tank

34. The check valve of rotary action, not allowing steam from the boiler to get into the radiator.

Utility Model Implementation

Unlike a million other models of stoves, the Vartovchanka stove, in addition to the possibility of heating the home and cooking, is guaranteed to provide its user with the opportunity to save fuel (at least twice) and provides it with electricity.

The Stirling engine used for this is an ideal device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy and then through a generator into electrical energy. The Stirling is environmentally friendly, it has no exhaust, it has a low noise level, low vibration (vibration amplitude is less than 0.0038 mm), and it has sufficient power and efficiency to set in motion an electric generator.

If you believe the author of the article "Stirling Engine" in the electronic encyclopedia "Behind the Wheel", such engines can achieve an efficiency factor of 70%! This is much higher than any other engine manufactured in our time. Given the development of modern precision machining of parts and the use of the latest materials, even trial samples of modern Stirlings give 39% efficiency.

But we will not count on such high coefficients, and, based on the "Stirling-Carnot engine efficiency table", taking as the basis the temperature of the "hot" cylinder at 100 ° C and the temperature of the "cold" at 30 ° C, we obtain an efficiency of 18.76%, which will suit us perfectly. And if, given the closed steam movement system, the temperature of the heating cylinder increases to 150 ° C, the efficiency will increase to 28.76%. This is quite enough to, for example, promote the Belashov low-speed generator MGB-300-84-2, or MGB-340-84-1, or any other modification of low-speed generators that our Chinese colleagues have recently saturated the market of "low energy" .

As regards such an option of this furnace as fuel economy, thanks to the original system of heat-absorbing visors and washers on the air duct and steam pipe that heats the steam-air mixture entering the furnace, as well as heat-reflecting screens redirecting the flow of hot air in the furnace in the right direction, the fuel combustion process in the combustion chamber is transferred to the mode of intensive formation of water gas, in accordance with the formula: H ₂ O + C → H ₂ + CO.

Water gas, consisting mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, igniting in the furnace, uses almost all of the oxygen in the furnace for combustion. This drastically slows down the process of burning wood or coal. And the combustion temperature of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, theoretically, can reach an index exceeding two thousand degrees, which may even entail the reign of individual metal parts. But the presence of a water tank in the furnace and an insufficient amount of oxygen influx will not allow the combustion temperature to rise above critical 1500 ° С.

Therefore, the implementation of the utility model "furnace" Vartovchanka "is unlikely to require solving any special problems that impede the industrial serial production of this product.

Claims (1)

An energy-producing solid-fuel long-burning furnace, consisting of a metal, thermally insulated from the outside of the casing, a combustion chamber, a hermetically sealed fuel loading door, was blown, the outer vent of which is made in the form of a pipe with a sleeve for adjusting the air volume on it, an air intake pipe passing inside the furnace into the mixing boiler hot air and steam, equipped at the inlet with a device for adjusting the volume of supplied air and the heat-absorbing washers and visors welded on it, so in the furnace there is a water tank equipped with an emergency gas pressure relief valve, connected by nozzles to a steam and air mixing boiler and to a heating boiler of a Stirling engine, which drives an electric generator that feeds electrical appliances, a heating radiator and steam pipes made with the possibility of supplying steam-air mixture into the combustion chamber, equipped with nozzles facing down to form a turbulent flow, while the vertical part of the steam pipe is equipped with welded heat-sealing washers Bam to increase the heating of the vapor-air mixture and turning it into water gas.

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