RU153890U1 - VORTEX GAS GENERATOR FOR GASIFICATION OF FINE-PLANED VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of processing agricultural waste in order to obtain generator gas, as well as the production of high quality ash. A vortex gas generator for the gasification of finely divided plant materials contains a gasification chamber into which fuel is supplied by means of a metering screw feed from the feed hopper, also to create an intensive rotation of the gas suspension; air is tangentially fed into it; afterburner with a screen installed in front of it; and the first pyrolysis chamber. The gas generator is equipped with a second pyrolysis chamber, where gas suspension is supplied from the first pyrolysis chamber through confuser channels, and from which gas and ash are discharged separately, with a potential air supply being provided to both pyrolysis chambers. All cameras are made in the form of bodies of revolution with a horizontal axis of symmetry. All chambers are additionally provided with steam supply. The utility model improves the quality of produced gas and ash. 5 cp f-ly. 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of processing agricultural waste in order to obtain generator gas with its subsequent use to generate electric energy and heat, as well as the production of high-quality ash used in various industries and agriculture.

Known vortex gas generator (RU 2469073 C1, publ. 10.12.2012), having the following three chambers (zones): gasification chamber, afterburning zone and pyrolysis chamber. The gas generator has an outer casing and an inner lined water-cooled volume. The gas generator provides for the vertical loading of material into the gasification chamber, where preheated air is tangentially supplied. Then, the gas suspension passes sequentially through the afterburning zone, where heated air, a swirler, and a pyrolysis chamber are fed through the perforation. The gas suspension leaves the gas generator through an axial hole in the pyrolysis chamber opposite the swirler. Then the gas enters the gas-water heat exchanger and then into the ash collector, where ash and unburnt particles are collected. The claimed technical result (an increased degree of gasification of fuel and the lack of accumulation of ash in the reactor) is achieved by the fact that the process occurs in a volume with intense vortex motion of the gas suspension, which removes the ash from the gas generator.

However, the known installation has the following disadvantages. The gas leaving the gas generator has a high ash content, which is undesirable from the point of view of working next to a standing heat exchanger, as ash can lead to wear of its elements and / or settle on them. In addition, in the known installation, the process proceeds quickly, and monitoring and maintaining optimal parameters is difficult to implement, therefore it is difficult to ensure the quality of gas and ash. In addition, the known design does not have access hatches for maintenance, and in the case of a pyrolysis chamber, there is also the possibility of their easy implementation (a swirler at one end and a gas suspension pipe at the other).

Also in such devices, it is undesirable to cool the lining with water. This is due to the fact that when water enters the heated lining, it is destroyed. In addition, with water cooling, heat is lost, which is why it is better to carry out cooling with air, which subsequently goes to combustion.

The objective of the proposed model is to eliminate these drawbacks and create a gas generator capable of working for many hours without the use of manual labor to produce generator gas suitable for use in gas reciprocating plants, as well as producing low carbon ash. The technical result is to improve the quality of the produced generator gas and ash, as well as to increase the reliability and ease of operation.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the vortex gas generator for gasification of finely divided plant materials contains a gasification chamber into which fuel is supplied through a metering screw feed from the feed hopper, and also to create an intensive rotation of the gas suspension into it tangentially air, an afterburner with an installed in front of it there is a screen and the first pyrolysis chamber, while it is equipped with a second pyrolysis chamber, where gas suspension from the first pyrotechnic chamber is supplied through confuser channels Lisa and from which gas and ashes are discharged separately, wherein in the pyrolysis chamber is carried out both tangential air supply. In addition, steam can be provided to all chambers in addition. All cameras are made in the form of bodies of revolution with a horizontal axis of symmetry.

All chambers can be made with refractory lining and thermocouples can be installed in them. The gasification chamber, as well as both pyrolysis chambers can be equipped with hatches for maintenance.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross section of a gas generator;

in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one;

in FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG. one;

in FIG. 4 is a section bb in FIG. 2;

in FIG. 5 is a section GG in FIG. 2.

In the drawings, the positions indicated:

1 - gasification chamber;

2 - afterburner;

3 - the first pyrolysis chamber;

4 - second pyrolysis chamber;

5 - feed hopper;

6 - dosing screw feed;

7 - screen;

8 - gas exhaust pipe;

9 - confusional tangential channels;

10 - ash discharge screw;

11 - pipe tangential air supply (steam);

12 - service hatches;

13 - refractory lining;

14 - cooling shirt;

15 - thermocouples.

Vortex gas generator operates as follows.

Fine solid fossil fuels are supplied from the feed hopper 5 by means of a metering screw feed 6 into the gasification chamber 1. In this chamber, the fuel is picked up by a gas vortex formed by the tangential air supply through the tangential pipe system 11 and is involved in rotational movement. Due to the fact that there is a certain amount of smoldering solid fuel at the bottom of the gasification chamber, as well as due to heat and mass transfer, heating of the newly caught fuel occurs, followed by gasification. At the same time, part of the gas formed burns with the release of the heat necessary for the process. The process is controlled by means of thermocouples installed in the chambers 15. The gas, passing through the screen 7, enters the afterburner 2, where the oxygen burned into the gasification chamber burns out (a slight air supply is possible in the afterburner). Then the process continues in the first pyrolysis chamber 3, where air (and steam) is also introduced tangentially. In this chamber, further gasification and pyrolysis occurs with increasing temperature. From the first pyrolysis chamber, the gas suspension by means of confuser channels enters the second pyrolysis chamber 4, where a certain amount of air is also supplied. In this chamber, under the action of centrifugal forces, the main amount of ash is separated from the gas. Ash is discharged by an ash discharge screw 10 to the ash conveying system. And the gas through the exhaust pipe 8 is sent to the gas treatment and cooling system. To ensure the conditions of the high-temperature process, a refractory lining 13 is used. The heat transmitted through it can be used to heat the air in the cooling jacket 14.

The novelty of the proposed vortex gas generator is the presence of an additional fourth chamber, which is located on the side of the other three chambers. Gas is supplied to it from the first pyrolysis chamber by means of confusional tangential channels. From this chamber, the main part of the ash is discharged by means of a screw conveyor. The intended supply of air and water vapor (which is also proposed for the first pyrolysis chamber) into this chamber allows better control of the process parameters. In addition, the additional time spent in ash in the gas generator has a beneficial effect on the quality of gas and ash. Also, due to the additional camera, the proposed layout has hatches for easy access to all cameras. Water cooling of the elements forming the inner lined volume is not performed; it can be replaced by air cooling, which is then supplied to the gasifier chambers. The air supply through the perforation in the afterburner is almost completely eliminated, and a certain amount of steam is provided. The swirler at the exit of the afterburner is also eliminated. In addition, a screen is provided at the outlet of the gasification chamber to improve the process conditions. Finely dispersed plant materials, sequentially passing through four chambers, are gasified, while the gas partially burns out. In all chambers, the flow rotates, for which all chambers are performed by bodies of revolution with horizontal axes of symmetry.

Claims (6)

1. A vortex gas generator for the gasification of finely divided plant materials, containing a gasification chamber into which fuel is supplied through a metering screw feed from the feed hopper, also to create an intensive rotation of the gas suspension in which air is tangentially supplied; a afterburner with a screen installed in front of it and a first pyrolysis chamber, characterized in that it is equipped with a second pyrolysis chamber, to which gas suspension is supplied from the first pyrolysis chamber through confuser channels, and from which gas and ash are discharged separately, with a potential supply to both pyrolysis chambers air. 2. The gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that all the chambers are made in the form of bodies of revolution with a horizontal axis of symmetry. 3. The gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the steam supply is additionally provided in all the chambers. 4. The gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that all the chambers are made with refractory lining, not cooled by water. 5. The gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that thermocouples are installed in the gasification chamber, as well as in both pyrolysis chambers. 6. The gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasification chamber, as well as both pyrolysis chambers are equipped with hatches for maintenance.

Images