RU165402U1 - WASTE PROCESSING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for processing waste containing a loading hopper combined in a technological chain, a pyrolysis and an output chamber, the last of which is equipped with a plasma torch for treating pyrolysis gas, an HO source and means for heating HO and supplying hot steam to the plasma torch operating area, the pyrolysis chamber being made the form of the housing with the waste supplying means arranged along it along the housing and with a chamber for supplying hot gases to a part of the housing from the side of the outlet chamber, characterized in that it is provided with housing in front of the exit chamber, a steam nozzle with steam inlet and outlet and a heat exchanger installed in the hot gas supply chamber with an HO input and steam outlet, with the output of the steam nozzle facing the inside of the housing and the input of the steam nozzle connected to the output of the heat exchanger. 2. A device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a source of HO.3. A device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the HO source, and the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to means for supplying hot steam to the zone of operation of the plasma torch. 4. A device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a means for supplying hot steam to the zone of action of the plasma torch.

Description

The utility model relates to waste processing and can be used for the disposal of household, agricultural and industrial carbon-hydrogen-containing waste to produce synthesis gas during processing.

A device for processing household waste and / or waste organic materials containing a reactor equipped with a receiving tank made in the form of a sealed outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, which contains a screw with a variable pitch, having a steel hollow shaft connected to the drive, and the hollow shaft made with inlet and outlet nozzles for input / output of hot gases (coolant), a spiral guide is located between the outer and inner cylinders, a group of nozzles is installed on the outer cylinder a hot gas input (heat medium) and the hot gas outlet pipe (heat carrier), a solid product discharge assembly designed as a gas-tight dampers and the receiving container is provided with a drive screw (patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan Innovative №28008 A4, publ. 25.12.2013).

The disadvantages of the known device include its low technological capabilities, due to the fact that with high-temperature - over 600 ° C - waste treatment, the rigidity of the metal screw (especially with a hollow shaft) will significantly decrease, which will result in a change in geometric and other operational parameters up to full loss of performance.

The closest to the claimed prototype is a waste processing device containing a loading hopper, pyrolysis and outlet chambers integrated into the technological chain, the last of which is equipped with a plasma torch for treating pyrolysis gas, an H ₂ O source and means for heating N ₂ O and for supplying hot steam to the zone of action of the plasma torch, providing processing (final) of the gas mixture for the decomposition of high molecular weight compounds with the supply of water vapor, which allows you to adjust the qualitative composition of the gas mixture according to the ratio of H ₂ and CO, and the pyrolysis chamber is made in the form of a casing with a means for supplying waste along the casing and with a chamber for supplying hot gases to a part of the casing from the side of the output chamber (RF Patent No. 2569667 C1, publ. 11/27/2015).

The prototype is characterized by:

- convenient performance adjustment;

- increase the length of time spent hydrocarbon materials in the gasification zone (pyrolysis);

- high performance;

- the ability to return heat to the cycle (recovery) by installing heat exchangers;

- simultaneous use of processed hydrocarbon materials of different moisture and morphological composition;

- high reliability;

- simplicity of design.

The disadvantages of the prototype should include a relatively low efficiency due to the insufficiently high heat transfer between the supplied hot gases and the waste in the housing, especially at the outlet of the waste from the housing into the outlet chamber.

The objective of the utility model is to improve heat transfer.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the device for waste processing.

The problem is solved, and the claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for processing waste containing a loading hopper, pyrolysis and outlet chambers integrated into the technological chain, the last of which is equipped with a plasma torch for processing pyrolysis gas, a source of Н ₂ O and heating means Н ₂ O and supplying hot steam to the area of the plasma torch, and the pyrolysis chamber is made in the form of a housing with a means for supplying waste along the housing and with a chamber for supplying hot gases to the Pusa from the outlet chamber, is provided arranged in the housing in front of the outlet chamber a steam nozzle from the inlet and outlet pair and installed in the hot gas inlet chamber heat exchanger to the input of H ₂ O and the steam outlet, the steam nozzle outlet facing into the housing, and the inlet of the steam nozzle connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger, the entrance heat exchanger is connected with a source of H ₂ O or with means for supplying hot steam to the plasma torch coverage area or entrance of heat exchanger is connected to a source of H ₂ O, and the heat exchanger is connected to the output media Twomey supply superheated steam to the area of action of the plasma torch.

The utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where:

- in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the claimed device for waste treatment in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 of the utility model formula;

- in FIG. 2 presents a diagram of the claimed device for waste treatment in accordance with 1, 3 and 4 paragraphs of the utility model.

A device for industrial waste processing includes the following main components:

1 - feed hopper of crushed materials (waste);

2 - auger (or other means of supplying waste along the body);

3 - adjustable drive (to change device performance);

4 - burner to obtain the required amount of heat for gasification (pyrolysis);

5 - a chamber for supplying hot gases to the housing (screw);

6 - heat exchanger (housing) with fins to increase heat transfer from gases to the processed material;

7 - line condensate drain from the first stage of heating the material;

8 - line for supplying steam to the heater of the material of the first stage, to the air heater and to the steam nozzle;

9 - heat exchanger for cooling the resulting gas mixture;

10 - supply of condensate to the heat exchanger (source of H ₂ O);

11 - output camera;

12 - plasmatron processing a gas mixture;

13 - plasmatron for vitrification of slag;

14 - tap hole (slag outlet hole);

15 - bath;

16 - mechanical filter for cleaning the gas mixture;

17 - compressor for transporting the gas mixture;

18 - line for transporting the gas mixture to the consumer;

19 - air heater;

20 - supply of cold air;

21 - blower fan;

22 - duct;

23 - heat exchanger heating with steam;

24 - line of hot condensate from the heat exchanger;

25 - network heater (heating means H ₂ O);

26 - line for supplying network water to the heater (source of H ₂ O);

27 - network pump;

28 - output of heated network water (source of H ₂ O);

29 - chimney;

30 - exit of flue gases into the atmosphere;

31 - fuel supply to the burner;

32 - tap into the candle;

33 - steam nozzle nozzle (means for supplying hot steam to the area of the plasma torch);

34 - discharge line of the resulting gas mixture;

35 - device for mechanical removal of slag (conveyor);

36 - gas analyzer;

37 - heat exchanger;

38 - heat exchanger output;

39 - heat exchanger inlet;

40 - steam nozzle;

41 - output steam nozzle;

42 - input steam nozzle;

43 - housing (auger).

The claimed device is a reactor or gasifier. The auger is equipped with a variable speed drive. Temperature measuring devices are installed on the surface of the housing and in the gas mixture exit chamber. To ensure the stability of the composition of the gas mixture, automatic control of the device’s productivity is introduced by adjusting the volume of material supply depending on the temperature in the zone of exit of the gas mixture from the device and the temperature of the housing. The power of the heat source (burner) is regulated depending on the performance (speed) of the material supply device. The power of plasmatrons for processing a gas mixture (eliminating impurities of high molecular weight compounds) and melting slag, for converting it into a vitrified form, is regulated depending on the qualitative composition of the gas mixture (on the proportion of hydrogen H ₂ ) and the performance (revolutions) of the material supply device. The slag of the mineral part of the materials in liquid (molten) form through the hole from the bottom of the output part of the device enters a slag bath filled with water and equipped with a slag removal device.

The heat supply sources used are burners, which burn part of the resulting gas mixture, have a power control device, are installed in the lower part of the chamber with heat supply to the finned body. Their number and total power are determined by the performance of the device. To control the ratio of H ₂ and CO in the gas mixture, water vapor is introduced through the nozzle nozzle to the upper outlet of the device in front of the plasma torch for processing the gas mixture. Its quantity is regulated depending on the quality indicators of the gas mixture at the outlet of the device. This provides a guaranteed stable composition of the gas mixture.

A device for producing a gas mixture from hydrocarbon materials has a screw transporting the processed material inside the housing. Heat is supplied to the material as it moves to the output part of the casing with the highest exit temperature, a plasma torch is installed in the device’s output chamber to process the (final) gas mixture to decompose high molecular weight compounds with water vapor supply, which allows controlling the quality of the gas mixture by the ratio Н ₂ and СО, which allows using hydrocarbon materials of different moisture and morphological composition in the device, the device also uses The principle of heat recovery, due to heat return when cooling the gas mixture to heat the material supplied to the gasification and air in front of the burners.

The gasification mode is determined by a direct dependence - for the gasification of one kilogram of material a fixed amount of heat is required. Gasification occurs at T = 700-800 ° C. The gasification mode is carried out by regulating the performance of the material dispenser and the power of the heater (burner) to ensure the temperature at the outlet point of the gasifier body equal to T = 700-800 ° C. The power of the plasma torches when feeding the material in an amount of B = 2.5 t / h is as follows:

- for processing the gas mixture - 150 kW (adjustable from 50 to 150 kW);

- for vitrification of slag - 250 kW (adjustable from 100 to 250 kW).

The amount of heat required is determined by the amount of material supplied to gasification. The amount of material is regulated by the auger drive speed. The control indicator is the temperature of the gas mixture leaving the housing (700-800 ° C), measured by a thermocouple in the upper part of the housing in front of the outlet chamber. The introduction of water vapor through the nozzle of the nozzle is carried out in the plasma jet of the plasma torch processing the gas mixture. The nozzle nozzle is installed in front of the plasma torch from the exit side of the plasma jet.

Unlike the prototype, the device is equipped with a steam nozzle 40 located in the housing 43 in front of the output chamber 11 with an outlet 41 and a steam inlet 42 and a heat exchanger 37 with an input 39 N ₂ O installed in the hot gas supply chamber 5 (depending on the connections described below in liquid or gaseous, cold or heated form) and a steam outlet 38, the outlet 42 of the steam nozzle 40 facing the inside of the housing 43, and the inlet 42 of the steam nozzle 40 connected to the outlet 38 of the heat exchanger. In this case, the supply of already heated steam to the input 39 of the heat exchanger 37 can be carried out, depending on the design characteristics of the device and / or the layout feasibility of wiring the water-gas mains, from the line 8 for supplying steam to the first-stage material heater, to the air heater and to the steam nozzle (Fig. 1) either from the condensate inlet 10 to the heat exchanger or from the network water supply line 26 to the heater or from the heated network water outlet 28 with the possible replacement of the existing (solid line) section of the steam supply to the steam unke 33 line 8 to a new site (dashed line) for supplying steam to a steam injector 33 from the outlet of the heat exchanger 38 steam 37 (FIG. 2). This solution accelerates (due to the heat transfer properties of the steam) heating to the required temperature of the substance (waste) at the outlet of the housing 43 into the outlet chamber 11, while maintaining the steam consumption at an acceptable level, which improves the overall efficiency of the device. The variability of the above connections, in addition to the claimed technical result, expands the technological (layout) capabilities of the device.

A device for processing waste works as follows.

The required amount of materials for processing is loaded into the material supply hopper 1, drive 3 (mode selection) is turned on for minimum productivity, to fill the housing with material 43, then drive 3 is turned off, plasmatrons 12 and 13 are turned on, blower fan 21, burner 4, mechanical removal device slag from the bath 35, heat exchangers 6, 23 and 25. The heating of the output chamber of the device and the supplied material inside the screw housing 2 begins, and a gas mixture (uncleaned) is released. At a temperature of 80 ° C of the gas mixture in front of the heat exchanger 9, condensate 10 is supplied to the heat exchanger 9. The auger drive 3 is switched on for average productivity (mode selection) and by adjusting the power of the burner 4 by supplying fuel to the burner 31, the gasification mode of the supplied material is set. The temperature of the gas mixture in the outlet chamber 11 of the device increases to 650 ° C; the resulting gas mixture is discharged into the candle 32 through the discharge line of the obtained gas mixture 34 and burned. In this case, water is supplied to the heat exchanger 37 through one of the above connections and, when the steam reaches a temperature of about 550 ° C, the supply of hot steam to the housing 43 through the nozzle 40 is turned on. When the temperature of the gas mixture reaches 800 ° C in the outlet chamber 11, the installation is brought to the working mode. The compressor 17 for supplying the gas mixture to the consumer for further use is turned on and the gas mixture for the candle 32 is stopped.

Further, as in the prototype, the evolved gas mixture passes through a mechanical filter for purification of the gas mixture 16 and is purified through the compressor 17 to the consumer 18. To increase the proportion of Н ₂ in the gas mixture, water is introduced through the nozzle of the steam nozzle 33 in front of the plasma torch for processing the gas mixture 12 steam from line 8. At the same time, part of the required steam — the source (under the action of the plasma torch 12) of Н ₂ for the gas mixture — enters through the nozzle 40. The quality of the obtained gas mixture is checked using a gas analyzer 36. When the heat exchanger 6 formed condensate is removed through the condensate drain line from the first stage of material heating 7. The performance of the plasma torch for vitrification of the slag 13 is regulated depending on the morphology and humidity of the material used, ensuring that granulated vitrified slag enters the slag receiving bath 15 through the slag outlet. The supply of cold air 20 to the air heater 19 is carried out using a blower fan 21, the air heated by the flue gases leaving the device through the air duct 22 enters the heat exchanger heated by air vapor 23, while from the heat exchanger 23 through the line 24 the hot condensate enters the heater of the first stage of the housing 43. The network water 26 supplied by the network pump 27 in the network heater 25 is heated by the hot flue gases leaving the device, after which the heated network water is directed through the outlet 28 consumer. The flue gases cooled in the network heater 25 enter the chimney 29, from where they are scattered in the atmosphere through the outlet 30.

Slag after the screw falls on the lower part of the output chamber. The temperature of the slag after the screw is 700-800 ° C. Slag melting occurs at a temperature of 1250-1350 ° C. For heating to this temperature, a plasmatron 13 is used for vitrification with the direction of the plasma jet on the upper layer of fallen slag. The upper part of the slag begins to melt and drain in a vitrified form through a notch 14 (hole) into the water volume of the slag bath 15, followed by removal of the conveyor 35 from the bath.

The foregoing allows us to conclude that the task of the utility model - improving heat transfer - is solved, and the claimed technical result - improving the efficiency of the device for waste processing - is achieved.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed technical solution:

- an object embodying the claimed technical solution, when implemented, relates to waste processing and can be used for the disposal of domestic, agricultural and industrial carbon-hydrogen-containing waste to produce synthesis gas during processing;

- for the claimed object in the form described in the formula, the possibility of its implementation using the methods and methods described above and / or known from the prior art on the priority date has been confirmed;

- the object embodying the claimed technical solution, when implemented, is able to ensure the achievement of the technical result perceived by the applicant.

Therefore, the claimed object meets the criteria of patentability "novelty" and "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (4)

1. A device for processing waste containing a combined hopper, pyrolysis and outlet chambers, the last of which is equipped with a plasma torch for treating pyrolysis gas, a H ₂ O source and means for heating H ₂ O and supplying hot steam to the plasma torch operating area, the pyrolysis chamber is made in the form of a casing with a means for supplying waste along the casing and with a chamber for supplying hot gases to a part of the casing from the side of the output chamber, characterized in that it is provided with a casing A steam nozzle in front of the exit chamber with a steam inlet and outlet and a heat exchanger installed in the hot gas supply chamber with an H ₂ O input and a steam outlet, the output of the steam nozzle facing the inside of the housing and the input of the steam nozzle connected to the output of the heat exchanger. 2. A device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a source of H ₂ O. 3. A device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the input of the heat exchanger is connected to a source of H ₂ O, and the output of the heat exchanger is connected to means for supplying hot steam to the zone of action of the plasma torch. 4. A device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to means for supplying hot steam to the zone of action of the plasma torch.

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