RU151747U1 - ACCUMULATOR CONTROL MODULE BASED ON SUPERCAPACITORS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The control module of the storage device based on supercapacitors, including a comparator made on a comparator, and a power switch, characterized in that it contains a charge-discharge determination unit of a supercapacitor (SC), a charge-discharge lock of an SC, a forming unit SC charge, SC discharge generating unit, SC charge key, SC discharge key and two power keys of the charge and discharge SK.2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the SC charge-discharge determination unit is made on two comparators implemented on a dual operational amplifier. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the SC charge-discharge lock is made on a D-trigger. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the SC charge forming unit is made on two I.5 logic elements. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the block for forming the discharge of the SC is made on a logical element I.6. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the IC charge key is made on a transistor, the load of which is an optocoupler. 7. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the SC discharge key is made on a transistor, the load of which is an optocoupler. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the power keys of the charge and discharge of the SC are made on field-effect transistors of the MOS structure.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to control devices for electric energy storage devices, and can be used to create accumulating secondary power sources based on supercapacitors.

Currently, supercapacitors are widely used - high-power electric capacitors that can take charge very quickly and also quickly release stored energy.

The main advantages of supercapacitors (hereinafter referred to as SC) are the large electric capacitance at small dimensions, as well as the extremely small value of the equivalent series resistance.

As a result, for large pulsed discharge currents, the main role is played by the resistive component of the total resistance of the capacitors, and for small pulsed currents of long duration, the capacitive component.

Therefore, when working with large current pulses, supercapacitors with a small equivalent series resistance (EPO) should be used, and when working with small currents, large capacitors.

When a SC discharges to a load, the primary voltage drops by the value of Ur (the influence of EPO), after which the discharge curve takes the form of an exponent.

When connecting the battery (hereinafter referred to as AB) with the SC, the battery stores much more energy than the capacitor, its series loss resistance is also much higher. SK takes on part of the load, limiting the maximum current and thereby prolonging the life of the battery.

The well-known "Control device of a pulse stabilizer" (Patent of Ukraine No. 63727, MPK-7 G05F 1/56, H02M 3/335, H02M 7/00, Bull. No. 1, 2004), the disadvantage of which is the complex circuitry of the device does not allow, In addition, implement the necessary algorithm for the operation of the device.

Also known is the "Control device of a multifunctional voltage converter" (Ukrainian Patent No. 9031, MPK-7 G05F 1/56, H02M 3/335, H02M 7/00, BI-9-2005 p.), The disadvantage of which is the complex circuit of the device.

The closest in technical essence and the result that is achieved, and selected as a prototype, is the "Solar Battery Load Switch Management Module" (Ukrainian Patent No. 45368, MPK-8 G05F 1/56, H02M 3/335, H02M 7/00, BI -21-2009 p.), Which includes a comparator (US) made on a comparator and a first pre-amplifier (PPU), with additional introductions of a second pre-amplifier (VPU) and a switching unit (BC), with both previous amplifiers and the first and second output keys are made in the form of a block of pre-amplifiers Iteli with output keys, and the BC is made in the form of a transistor logic circuit, the inputs of which are connected to the positive terminals of the solar battery (SB) and the battery (AB), and the output is connected to the load, in addition, the BPPzVK is made on transistors, while on the base PPU receives the “charge AB” signal, and the signal “Pulse Voltage Stabilizer” (“ISN”) is applied to the base of the switchgear; moreover, voltage dividers on two resistors are included in the collector circuits of the switchgear and the switchgear respectively, and the base circuits of the output switches are connected to the midpoints respectively voltage dividers, in addition, the emitter of the first output key is connected to the input "ISN", and the collector of the other output key through the decoupling diode supplies "+" SB to the power key BC, and the direct input of the comparator US through the divider on the resistor and zener diode is connected to “+” AB, and the inverse input of the comparator through the voltage divider is connected to “+” SB, while the output of the DC is connected to the input of the control BC while the BC is made up of four transistors and a logical inverter and four decision diodes, the input is BC, while the control it is connected to the output of the comparator DC, the signal from which goes to the base of the first transistor, the control collector of which is connected to the base of the first switch, the “+” ISN is connected to the load through the decoupling diode, in addition, the signal from the output of the comparator via the logical inverter is sent to the base of another a transistor, the control collector of which is connected to the base of another switch, connected by a “+” SB or AB through a decoupling diode to the load.

The disadvantages of the prototype are complex functional and circuit diagrams of the device.

The objective of the utility model is the development of new circuitry for the control module of the storage device based on supercapacitors with the achievement of a technical result - simplification of the circuitry of the device.

The problem is solved in that in the "Control module for the storage device based on supercapacitors", including the comparison device, is made on the comparator, and the power switch is the charge-discharge determination unit of the supercapacitor (SC), the charge-discharge lock of the SC, SK charge generating unit, SK discharge generating unit, SK charge key, SK discharge key and two power charge and SK discharge keys, the SK charge-discharge determining unit being made on two comparators implemented on a dual operational amplifier, a latch The SC “charge-discharge” is made on the D-trigger, the SC charge-forming unit is made on two logical elements “and”, the SC-discharge-forming unit is made on the “and” logical element, the SC charge key is made on a transistor, the load of which is an optocouple, the key the SC discharge is performed on a transistor, the load of which is an optocoupler, and the power keys of the charge and discharge of the SC are made on field-effect transistors of the MOS structure.

New in the device, it is claimed, is a new circuitry for constructing a control module for an accumulating device based on supercapacitors by introducing new elements and the connections between them, it allows us to solve the problem posed in this utility model, while achieving a technical result - simplifying the circuitry of the device.

Salient features of the device, claimed to coincide with the prototype, are the following features:

- Comparison device, made on a comparator;

- power key.

Distinctive features of the prototype, the essential features of the device are claimed to be the following features:

- Unit for determining the "charge-discharge" SC;

- Lock "charge-discharge" SK;

- Block charge formation SK;

- block forming the discharge of the SC;

- Key charge SC;

- Key discharge SK;

- Two power keys charge and discharge SK.

Private distinctive from the prototype of the essential features of the device, the claimed there are the following signs:

- The SC “charge-discharge” determination unit is made on two comparators implemented on a dual operational amplifier;

- Lock "charge-discharge" SK made on the D-trigger;

- Block charge formation SK made on two logical elements "And";

- the block forming the discharge of the SC is made on the logical element "and";

- The SC charge key is made on a transistor, the load of which is an optocoupler;

- The discharge key SK is made on a transistor, the load of which is an optocoupler;

- Power keys of the charge and discharge of the SC are made on field-effect transistors of the MOS structure.

Between the essential features of the utility model of the claimed and the technical result, which is achieved, there is the following causal relationship.

Indeed, the new circuitry of the proposed device in comparison with the prototype can significantly simplify the device and, due to this, increase the reliability of its work and reduce material costs when replicating this device.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information, with the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the technical solution that is claimed, makes it possible to establish that the applicant has not found complete analogues that are characterized by the entire set of features identical to all essential the features of the claimed device specified in the formula of the utility model.

Therefore, it can be argued that the utility model, it is claimed, meets the condition of patentability by the criterion of "novelty."

In addition, this utility model is industrially applicable, as the technical solution, it is claimed, allows it to be used in the development and manufacture of secondary power sources based on solar batteries (SB), supercapacitors (SC) and accumulator batteries (AB).

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device, is claimed; in FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the inventive device.

The device, it is claimed, consists of the following main blocks directly connected to each other:

- Unit for determining the "charge-discharge" SC (hereinafter - BO "ZR");

- SC "charge-discharge" lock (hereinafter - Ф "З-Р");

- Block charge formation SK (hereinafter - BF "Z");

- Block forming the discharge SK (hereinafter - BF "R");

- Key charge SC (hereinafter referred to as cl "Z");

- SK discharge key (hereinafter referred to as "R" key);

- power keys charge and discharge SK.

BO "ZR" SK is made on two comparators DA 1-1 and DA 1-2, implemented on a dual operational amplifier.

Ф "З-Р" СК made on the D-trigger DD 1-1.

BF "Z" SK is made on two logical elements "AND": DD 2-1 and DD 2-2. 5 BF "R" SC is made on the logical element "and" DD 2-3.

C "Z" SC is made on a transistor VT 3, the load of which is an AOT 1-1 optocoupler.

CL "R" SC is made on a transistor VT 4, the load of which is an AOT 2-1 optocoupler.

Power keys of charge VT2 and discharge VT1 SK are made on field-effect transistors of the MOS structure. Consider the claimed device in more detail.

The pulse voltage stabilizer (ISN) stabilizes the voltage coming from the solar panels and provides a stable supply voltage to the device circuit and the IC.

BO "ZR" contains a source of stable reference voltage of parametric type, consisting of a Zener diode VD2 (KS 175A) and a ballast resistor R9, two comparators DA1-1 and DA1-2 based on operational amplifiers that determine the state of the charge-discharge SC.

Ф "З-Р" is made on the D-trigger DD1, operating in the RS-trigger mode with the initial installation on the C1, R7, R8 circuit. When turned on by a negative voltage drop, trigger DD1 is set to a charged SC state.

If the SC is discharged, the negative edge from the output of the comparator DA1-2 it is set to the desired state.

Further, the state of the trigger DD1 depends on the voltage drops at the outputs of the comparators DA1-1 and DA1-2, so the trigger DD1 detects a charged SC or not. If the capacitor SKU is charged, then from the output "P" of the trigger DD1 logical "1" is fed to the BF "R".

BF "R" is assembled on DD2-1, DD2-2 and, when logic "1" is supplied to its input "2" from the switchboard of loads (not shown conditionally), the logical "0" signal appears at the output "C" of DD2-1 .

This signal is fed to inputs 5 and 6 of DD2-2, from the output "4" of which logical "1" is supplied through the base divider R12 and R13 to the key transistor VT3, through the ballast resistor R14 it turns on the AOT-1 optocoupler LED.

At the same time, a phototransistor of this optocoupler is opened and a potential of 15 V is supplied to the input of the power key of discharge VT1, which opens the power switch of discharge VT1 and the control switch is discharged to the load.

The resistance R11 is the load of the composite transistor of the optocoupler.

When Ф "З-Р" is executed on the D-flip-flop DD1, it goes into the state "C", a logical "1" signal appears at the input DD2-3 and, when the loads from the switch (conditionally not shown) also a logical "1" signal , on the line "C" (charge) at the output DD2-3 ("10"), a logical "0" appears, and at the output "4" DD2-2 there is also a logic signal "0" and the key VT2 is closed, while the transistor VT4 it closes and through AOT2 transistor VT1 opens, turning on the SCU capacitor in charge mode.

The inventive device operates as follows.

To stabilize the output voltage of the SB, an ISN is used, from the output of which two voltages enter the device: the main one is 15V and the auxiliary one is -15V to power the charging device SK.

Each SC has a charge voltage corresponding only to it; therefore, each SC must have its own charge voltage.

So, each SC should be equipped with its own control module for the accumulating device, which monitors the “charge" - "discharge" of the SC, the circuit of which is shown in FIG. 2.

The inventive device is controlled from a solar output control switch (not conventionally shown).

When F-Z-P is turned on for the first time, on the D-flip-flop, DD1 is set to the initial state “IC is discharged” along the C1, R8, R7 chain, and there is a logical “0” on the “O” 'input DD1. If the IC is charged, then the negative edge from the output DA1-1, it is set to the position ready for discharge.

BO "ZR" consists of two threshold elements: the threshold element of the charged capacitor and the element of the discharged capacitor on operational amplifiers DA1-1 and DA1-2, respectively, at one of the inputs of which the reference voltage is presented, the other inputs are supplied with voltage from the SC from the dividers voltage R1, R2 and R3, R4, respectively.

If this voltage is equal, namely, the reference (reference) voltage and the voltage of the "charges" or "discharges" of the SC, a negative voltage drop appears at the outputs DA1-1 or DA1-2.

This difference also fixes the “З-Р” on the D-trigger DD1, switched on in the RS-trigger mode, issuing the following commands: charged capacitor (at the direct output) and the capacitor is discharged (at the inverse output), the logical signal “1” (+ 15V) .

The SK command “charged” is fed to the input of the logic circuit DD2-1, which performs the function “AND NOT”. If at the second input DD2-1 there is also a logical "1" (ie, a "discharge" signal was received from the solar battery load switch), then a logical "0" signal appears at the output of DD2-1 (i.e. the voltage of the common wire )

On the logic element DD1-2, this voltage is inverted, that is, it becomes logical "1" and enters through the divider on resistors R12, R13 to the base VT3. The transistor VT3 opens, as a result of which the AOT 1 optocoupler LED through the ballast resistor R14 starts to glow, as a result of which the AOT 1 optocoupler coupled transistor opens, and a -15V potential is applied to the gate of the power switch VT2.

The power switch on the field effect transistor VT2 opens and the discharge of the control switch to the load begins. SKU is discharged to the lower threshold and from the output DA1-2 with a negative edge switches Ф "З-Р" on the D-flip-flop DD1 to another stable state (a logical "0" signal appears on the direct output), which signals the discharge of the SKU and transmits the information to discharge SK next cell.

The power switch VT2 closes.

On the logic element DD2-3, a signal of readiness for charge of the control system appears: on the inverse output DD1-1 there is a logical "1" and when the signal "charge" (logical "1") comes from the switch of the solar cell loads, the logical signal appears on the output DD2-3 "0", which through the divider R15, R16 is supplied to the base of the transistor VT4, which is closed, while the current through the LED to the optocoupler couple AOT 2 stops and the composite transistor optocouple AOT 2 is closed.

At the gate, VT1 appears through a buffer resistor R10 + 15V potential. The field key opens and the SKU charge begins.

After charging the ACS, the “Z-P” on the D-flip-flop DD1 switches to another stable state and a logical “1” signal appears on the direct output DD1, a logical “0” signal on the inverse output DD1, and information about the charged ACS is transmitted into the next cell, and if the IC is charged in it, then it starts to discharge. Next, the process is repeated throughout the chain to the full charges of all SCs, and then, if necessary, and SC discharges to the load.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the task posed in this utility model - the development of new circuitry for the control module of the storage device based on supercapacitors - is achieved with the achievement of the technical result — simplification of the circuitry of the device.

Claims (8)

1. The control module of the storage device based on supercapacitors, including a comparator made on a comparator, and a power switch, characterized in that it contains a charge-discharge determination unit of a supercapacitor (SC), a charge-discharge lock of an SC, a forming unit charge SK, the unit for forming the discharge SK, the key charge SK, the key discharge SK and two power key charge and discharge SK. 2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the SC charge-discharge determination unit is made on two comparators implemented on a dual operational amplifier. 3. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the SC charge-discharge lock is made on a D-trigger. 4. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the SC charge forming unit is made on two logical elements I. 5. The module according to p. 1, characterized in that the block for the formation of the discharge of the SC is made on a logical element I. 6. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the IC charge key is made on a transistor, the load of which is an optocoupler. 7. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge key of the SC is made on a transistor, the load of which is an optocoupler. 8. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the power keys of the charge and discharge of the SC are made on field-effect transistors of the MOS structure.

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