RU149223U1 - COMBINED FRONT HEAT INSULATION CONSTRUCTION - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A combined facade heat-insulating structure containing an external decorative reinforcing layer, a polystyrene foam insulation, as well as fire cuts in the places of interfloor ceilings, characterized in that the polystyrene insulation is made in the form of plates fixed to the front side of the building wall under an external decorative reinforcing layer, fire cuts are made in the insulation with a width exceeding 1.5-2 times the thickness of the polystyrene plates, but not more than 200 mm, and are filled with a mechanized method etirovaniya plates at a thickness of styrofoam expanded vermiculite with a thermal conductivity of 0.06 - 0.075 W / (m ° C) and a density of 250-350 kg / m, wherein the edges of window and door openings in the wall of the building are additional fire rassechki.2. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer of expanded vermiculite in fire cuts along the edges of the doorways, as well as with a insulation thickness of more than 100 mm in places of flooring and along the edges of the window openings, is fixed on the wall of the building with anchors placed with an interval of not more than 800 mm. 3. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the external decorative reinforcing layer is made of a thickness of 5-7 mm in the form of sequentially superimposed on the insulation side of the first adhesive layer, reinforcing mesh, second adhesive layer, primer layer and decorative layer. 4. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire cuts filled with a mechanized method of shotcrete to the height of the expanded polystyrene plates with expanded vermiculite are additionally equipped with a covering net fixed by an adhesive glue

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction of residential and public buildings and can be used as a wall heat-insulating facade design.

A known system of facade insulation [RU 121834, U1, E04B 1/62, 10.11.20], including the material of the supporting structure, heat-insulating layer, fire cut, fastening system and external plaster layers, moreover, as materials of the supporting structure, heat-insulating layer and fire dissection used concrete with a cellular structure.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the relatively high complexity caused by the use of aerated concrete in all structural elements.

A hinged ventilated facade is also known [RU 103545, U1, E04B 1/00, 04/20/2011], including facade panels, thermo-waterproofing protection, supporting fencing elements, passed through the thermo-waterproofing protection without a gap, made in the form of anchor rods arranged in rows screwed through dowels into the wall of the building and having fixing ends at their free ends, which ensure the installation and fastening of the plates, and the fixing elements are made in the form of heads connecting to the threaded ends of the anchor rods with couplings with a lock nut with the possibility of longitudinal adjustment and subsequent fixing of the position of the heads equipped with plate holders in the form of flanges and locking fungi with chamfers, which when turning the heads 90 ° go beyond the outer surface of the plates and press them to the flanges, while the heads of each vertical row of anchors loaded the weight of the plates, and anchors, fixing the plates on the side ends and located on the same horizontal, are connected to each other by strips, having holes for the rear of the heads with a step equal to the mounting step in the wall Connects the anchors, through the installation of bands on the head and clamp them to the flange couplings.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is its relatively high complexity.

In addition, a known design of fencing with thermal insulation, active removal of moisture and decorative decoration of the facades [RU 2229573, C2, E04F 13/08, 05.27.2004], containing a frame formed by horizontally and vertically arranged profiles mounted on the wall, a heat-insulating element formed insulation and air gap, and facade fencing elements, moreover, the frame is made of metal and mounted on brackets mounted on the wall of the building, horizontally located profiles that hold vapor-breathable insulation spruce, have a 2-shaped cross-section, and vertically arranged profiles have a U-shaped cross-section with a flat wall and two shelves having bends outward along the edges of the profile, by which a vertically located profile is attached to the shelf of the 2-shaped profile, while , the seams between the insulation plates are closed with slats, and the seams between the facade elements of the fence are closed with slats and strips.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is its relatively high complexity.

In addition to the above, a multilayer vertical building envelope is known [RU 2994, U1, E04B 1/62, E04B 2/00, 10.16.1996], including a supporting element with openings and slopes and fixed to its front side insulation and decoration element containing a system of cells with insulation, a reinforcing mesh with anchors, a covering layer, plasters, a textured and finishing layer, while the supporting element is made of masonry made of structurally-insulating cellular concrete, on the front side of which are intersecting bars with thickness, p the thickness of the insulation, forming a system of cells for it, and the bars on the slopes of the openings and on the front side of each edge of the opening also form cells, the entire system of cells with insulation is rigidly fixed with a reinforcing mesh with anchors, and at the edges of the openings and at the corners of the building the reinforcing mesh is made with angular reinforcement, on it are a covering layer, a leveling layer of plaster, and then a textured-finishing layer.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is its relatively high complexity.

Analogues of the proposed technical solution include the design of fencing with thermal insulation and decorative decoration of the facades [RU 2305736, C1, E04F13 / 08, 09/10/2007], containing a frame formed by metal profiles fixed to the wall of the building, a heat-insulating element formed by a heater and an air gap and facade panels, the seams between which are closed with slats, moreover, each facade panel is made of three layers with intermediate channels in the form of cells of a rectangular shape, with a wedge protrusion in the upper part of the end face spruce for connection with the stripping plate and with the supporting platform in the lower part of the end face for fixing on the metal profiles of the frame, as well as with steps along the edges of the front surface of the panel for mounting the stripping plate flush with the front surface, while the strip is made U-shaped with shoulders , the expanding walls of the strip are made with a bend inward with an angle of inclination to the vertical of 10-15 ° and have a sectional view of wedge hooks with the formation of a plastic hinge at the base of the strip, and front panels and fender strips with are interconnected according to the principle of a “wedge lock” embedded in embedded heat-insulating elements installed on the supporting platforms of facade panels, while the corner facade panels are L-shaped.

The disadvantage of this analogue is its relatively high complexity and relatively low fire safety.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is the enclosing wall structure [RU 2305736, C1, Е04F 13/08, 09/10/2007], which includes an external wall, insulation, polystyrene foam, an internal curtain wall, and a three-layer enclosing wall structure with a self-supporting outer wall corresponding to the number of storeys a wall along the entire height of the building with armored belts at the level of each interfloor overlap, while the self-supporting outer wall is made of step ceramic brick, up to 12 floors with a thickness of 380 mm, and starting from 13 floors with with a thickness of 250 mm with a common inner surface along the height of the building, in addition to protruding flexible ties, placed in masonry along the height of each floor, three for each internal transverse wall adjacent to the enclosing wall structure, fixed to embedded elements at the ends of the internal transverse walls, with supports at the level of the overlap of each floor for the insulation of the slab and stop with an elastic gasket at the end facing the floor floors of each floor with a placement step equal to the step of the transverse internal walls of the building And a three-layer insulation slab enclosing wall structure is attached to the inner surface of the outer wall of the self-supporting with support on the support, with the division of fire crosscuts on each floor elevated floor and separated from the living area hinged inner wall, resting on the edge of each floor intermediate floor.

The disadvantage of the closest technical solution is its relatively high complexity, as well as relatively low fire safety, due, in particular, to the fact that the insulation - expanded polystyrene foam, which is a fire hazardous material, is used throughout the building’s facade, and fire cuts are only divided between floors.

The task to which the proposed utility model is directed is to create an environmentally friendly, heat and soundproof heat-resistant wall facade structure with enhanced fire safety while simplifying the design.

The required technical result is to increase fire safety and manufacturability of the structure while simplifying and increasing efficiency.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that, in a combined facade heat-insulating structure containing an external decorative reinforcing layer, a polystyrene insulation, as well as fire cuts in the places of interfloor ceilings, according to the proposed utility model, a polystyrene insulation is made in the form of plates fixed to the facade side of the wall of the building under the external decorative reinforcing layer, fire-resistant cuts are made in the insulation with a width exceeding 1.5-2 times the thickness of the foam slabs listirola but not more than 200 mm, and are filled with shotcrete mechanized way by the thickness of the plates with styrofoam expanded vermiculite 0,06-0,075 thermal conductivity W / (m ° C) and a density of 250-350 kg / m ^3, and, on the edges of window and doorways in the wall of the building made additional fire cuts.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the layer of expanded vermiculite in fire cuts along the edges of the doorways, as well as with a insulation thickness of more than 100 mm in places of flooring and along the edges of the window openings, is fixed on the wall of the building with anchors placed with an interval of not more than 800 mm.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the external decorative reinforcing layer is made of 5-7 mm thickness in the form of sequentially superimposed on the insulation side of the first adhesive layer, reinforcing mesh, second adhesive layer, primer layer and decorative layer.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that fire cuts filled by mechanical gunning to the height of expanded polystyrene boards with expanded vermiculite are additionally equipped with a cover grid fixed with adhesive mortar and / or anchors and made with a width exceeding the cut width by 10-15 % lap with polystyrene boards.

The main ways to solve the problem and achieve the required technical result is the use of expanded vermiculite in fire hazardous places, which has increased characteristics of compressive strength and density at low thermal conductivity, which is especially important in the considered multilayer structure operating on vertical loads. Moreover, interfloor fire belts (fire cuts filled with expanded vermiculite) serve as horizontal relatively rigid supports and allow the vertical load from the insulation and decorative reinforcing layer (from its own weight) to be absorbed only within one floor, which provides increased crack resistance of the decorative reinforcing coating layer thermal insulation.

The effect of self-supporting unloading belts will be even more significant if, for the supporting belts of expanded vermiculite, a reinforcing mesh (fiberglass, thin metal wire mesh, etc.) fixed with adhesive mortar and / or anchors is provided with a width corresponding to the width of the fire belt (fire dissection), increased by 10-15% in the lap with expanded polystyrene plates. Thus, double reinforcement will be provided in places of interfloor distribution, which increases the strength and durability of the entire structure.

All this, in general, improves the quality of the proposed wall multilayer thermal insulation design.

The drawing shows:

in FIG. 1 - combined facade heat-insulating structure without decorative reinforcing layer (view from the front side of the building wall);

in FIG. 2 - sectional facade insulation design on the wall of a building.

In the drawing are indicated:

- wall of the building;

- insulation made in the form of polystyrene foam boards;

- anchors;

- decorative reinforcing layer;

- fire cuts filled with expanded vermiculite in places of interfloor overlappings;

- fire cuts filled with expanded vermiculite along the outer edges of window openings;

7 - fire cuts filled with expanded vermiculite along the outer edges of the doorways;

8 - the first adhesive layer;

9 - reinforcing mesh;

10 - the second adhesive layer;

11 - a primer layer;

12 - decorative layer.

The combined facade heat-insulating structure contains an external decorative reinforcing layer 4 and insulation 2, made in the form of facade panels made of polystyrene foam with an average density of 15-18 kg / m ³ and fixed, for example, with anchors 3 on the wall 1 of the building, as well as fire-resistant expanded vermiculite cuts 5, 6, 7 in a heater 2.

At the same time, fire cuts were made in the places of the interfloor overlap 5, as well as along the outer edges of the window 6 and door 7 openings in the wall 1 of the building and other sections of the building requiring placement of fire-prevention cutouts (roof sections, blank walls without openings, etc.) .

Fire cuts are made across a width exceeding 1.5-2 times the thickness of polystyrene boards 2 (but not more than 200 mm), and expanded vermiculite is applied mechanized by gunning with a density of 250-350 kg / m ³ and a thermal conductivity of 0.06- 0, 075 W / (m ° C).

A layer of expanded vermiculite in fire-resistant incisions along the edges of doorways 7, as well as with a thickness of insulation greater than 100 mm in places 5 of floor floors and along the edges of window openings 6, is fixed to wall 1 of the building with anchors 3 placed at intervals of not more than 800 mm.

The external decorative reinforcing layer is made in the form of sequentially superimposed on each other from the heater 2 of the first adhesive layer 8, the reinforcing mesh 9, the second adhesive layer 10, the primer layer 11 and the decorative layer 12.

In addition, fire cuts filled with a mechanized method of shotcrete to the height of expanded polystyrene boards with expanded vermiculite can be additionally equipped with a covering grid fixed with adhesive mortar and / or anchors and made with a width exceeding the cutting width by 10-15% in overlap with plates of polystyrene foam.

Used combined facade insulation design as follows.

On the front side of the wall 1 of the building with anchors 3, insulation 2 is fixed, made in the form of expanded polystyrene plates. The use of expanded polystyrene plates allows for a sufficiently good thermal insulation and is economical. However, this material is not fire resistant and emits harmful combustion products during combustion. In the most dangerous places - in places of 5 floors, as well as along the outer edges of the window 6 and door 7 openings in the wall 1 of the building, fire cuts are made. They are filled with expanded vermiculite, which is applied mechanized by gunning with a density of 250-350 kg / m, and a thermal conductivity of 0.06-0.075 W / (m ° C). Filling of fire spatter can be done with a solution based on expanded vermiculite by a mechanized method of shotcrete to eliminate seams.

Vermiculite has high fire retardant properties, which allows to prevent the main insulation layer in case of possible fires inside the building. The use of expanded vermiculite with a density of less than 250 kg / m ³ will not provide the required supporting properties, but with a density of more than 350 kg / m ^{3 it} is not economical. At a density of 250-350 kg / m ³ , as a rule, a heat conductivity coefficient of 0.06-0.075 W / (m ° C) is provided.

Thus, due to the fact that the polystyrene insulation is made in the form of plates fixed on the front side of the building wall under an external decorative reinforcing layer, fire-resistant cuts are made in the insulation with a width exceeding 1.5-2 times the thickness of the expanded polystyrene plates, but not more than 200 mm, and filled with a mechanized method of shotcrete on the thickness of expanded polystyrene plates with expanded vermiculite with a thermal conductivity of 0.06-0.075 W / (m ° C) and a density of 250-350 kg / m ³ , moreover, along the edges of window and door openings in the wall additional fire cuts were made in the building, the required technical result is achieved, which consists in increasing the fire safety of the structure while simplifying and hardening it. Simplification is achieved, in particular, by the fact that, in relation to the closest technical solution in the proposed design, the use of an internal curtain wall is excluded. Hardening of the heat-insulating structure is achieved through the implementation of the effect of self-supporting unloading belts.

Claims (4)

1. A combined facade heat-insulating structure containing an external decorative reinforcing layer, a polystyrene foam insulation, as well as fire cuts in the places of interfloor ceilings, characterized in that the polystyrene insulation is made in the form of plates fixed to the front side of the building wall under an external decorative reinforcing layer, fire cuts are made in the insulation with a width exceeding 1.5-2 times the thickness of the polystyrene plates, but not more than 200 mm, and are filled with a mechanized method etirovaniya plates at a thickness of styrofoam expanded vermiculite with a thermal conductivity of 0.06 - 0.075 W / (m ° C) and a density of 250-350 kg / m ^3, wherein the edges of window and door openings in the wall of the building are additional fire crosscuts. 2. The construction according to p. 1, characterized in that the layer of expanded vermiculite in fire cuts along the edges of the doorways, as well as with a insulation thickness of more than 100 mm in places of flooring and along the edges of the window openings, is fixed on the wall of the building with anchors placed at intervals more than 800 mm. 3. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the external decorative reinforcing layer is made of 5-7 mm thick in the form of sequentially superimposed on the side of the insulation of the first adhesive layer, reinforcing mesh, second adhesive layer, primer layer and decorative layer. 4. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire cuts filled with a mechanized method of shotcrete to the height of expanded polystyrene boards with expanded vermiculite are additionally equipped with a cover grid fixed with adhesive mortar and / or anchors and made with a width exceeding the cut width by 10- 15% overlap with polystyrene boards.

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