RU143593U1 - DRILLING KEY FOR WORK WITH PIPE ELEMENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Drilling key for working with pipe elements, comprising upper and lower pipe clamp devices, a vertical key for moving the drill key, a carriage for horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe clamp devices, lower pipe clamp device, upper pipe clamp device, planetary gearbox, characterized in that the mechanism for the vertical movement of the drill key contains a stationary support column and a movable column, between which is located an antifriction gasket pressed to the support column by adjustable clamps mounted on the movable column, which together with them and the antifriction gasket can vertically move relative to the support column using a hydraulic cylinder or a screw-nut drive driven by a hydraulic motor, while a carriage is fixed in the upper part of the movable column horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe-clamping devices, with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, using a manual or mechanized drive into which a lower pipe-clamping device is installed, having the ability to be horizontally moved by a hydraulic cylinder mounted in the carriage body and symmetrically positioned rack-and-pinion gears, where rack-and-pinion gears serve to double the stroke length of said hydraulic cylinder, while the bottom pipe-clamping device contains two universal clamps that have a prismatic shape capture by the pipe and do not require replacement when changing the pipe size, the clamps are driven by one hydraulic cylinder through the levers, connected

Description

The utility model relates to devices for mechanization and automation of screwing and unscrewing of tubing, drill, weighted drill, casing and other types of pipes in the process of drilling oil and gas wells.

From the prior art, a stationary stationary wrench is known for screwing and unscrewing threaded joints of oil assortment drill pipes in operations related to drilling wells, comprising a housing, upper and lower pipe clamping devices, a gearbox, a drive motor, a brake device, a torque meter, a support column and a console remote control, characterized in that it has a single housing for upper and lower pipe clamping devices, a four-speed gearbox, already known design in upper and lower pipe clamping devices, a torque meter consisting of a hydraulic cylinder and an automatic unloading valve (patent RU 2353749 C2).

The specified key has the following disadvantages:

1. The gearbox is made in the form of a cylindrical gearbox, which significantly increases its dimensions and weight. Vertically located shafts make it difficult to lubricate gears. Gear shifting is carried out by hydraulic cylinders through linkage mechanisms, which causes bending loads on the mechanisms, resulting in increased wear.

2. The hydraulic cylinder that drives the lower pipe clamping device creates a reactive force on the housing, which wears the guide carriages and other mechanisms that perceive it.

3. The design of the lower and upper pipe clamping devices does not provide reliable clamping of the pipe when screwing and unscrewing with high torque and requires replacing the jaws when changing the pipe size, which leads to additional time costs.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to improve operating conditions, improve maintainability and reliability of the drill key for working with pipe elements.

The problem is solved in that the drill key for working with pipe elements comprises upper and lower pipe clamp device housings, a vertical drill key movement mechanism, a carriage for horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe clamp device housings, lower pipe clamp device, upper pipe clamp device, planetary gearbox, wherein:

1. The mechanism for vertical movement of the drill key for working with pipe elements comprises a fixed support column and a movable column, between which there is an antifriction gasket pressed against the support column by adjustable clamps that are mounted on the movable column. The movable column, together with the anti-friction gasket and clamps, has the ability to move vertically relative to the support column using a hydraulic cylinder or a screw-nut transmission driven by a hydraulic motor.

2. The carriage for horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe-clamping device housings, contains symmetrically positioned rack gears and one displacement hydraulic cylinder, where the rack gears serve to double the stroke length of the specified hydraulic cylinder.

3. The lower pipe clamping device contains two universal clamps, which have a prismatic shape of the gripping point for the pipe and are driven by one hydraulic cylinder through levers connected by gear segments. Clips do not require replacement when changing the pipe size.

4. The upper pipe clamping device provides for the capture and rotation of the pipe with eccentric clamps, with a round profile or with a profile of a logarithmic spiral of the place of capture for the pipe.

5. The gearbox is a planetary gearbox that contains an axial cam gear shift mechanism.

6. The torque developed by the upper pipe clamping device is calculated by the microprocessor device from the known gear ratios of the planetary gearbox, the gear transmission of the upper pipe clamping device and the torque value on the shaft of the planetary gearbox drive hydraulic motor, which is determined using the value of the dynamic pressure difference of the hydraulic fluid.

7. The torque developed by the upper pipe-clamping device can also be determined by installing a strain gauge that monitors the reactive moment that arises between the upper pipe-clamping device and the planetary gearbox when tightening the pipe connection, provided that it is possible to rotate these cases. The readings from the strain gauge are then taken and processed by a microprocessor drilling key control device for working with pipe elements.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated in the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a general view of a drill key for working with pipe elements;

FIG. 2 - vertical movement mechanism;

FIG. 3 - carriage for horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe clamping devices;

FIG. 4 - carriage operation;

FIG. 5 - lower pipe clamping device;

FIG. 6 - upper pipe clamping device;

FIG. 7 - terminal block with eccentric clips installed in it;

FIG. 8 - planetary gearbox with axial cam gear shift mechanism.

The drill key for working with pipe elements (Fig. 1) consists of a support column 1, a movable column 2, a carriage 3, a lower pipe-clamping device 4, an upper pipe-clamping device 5, a planetary gearbox 6.

The support column 1 is rigidly attached to the floor of the drilling site. The movable column 2 is mounted on the support column 1, between them there is an antifriction gasket 7, which is pressed against the support column 1 by clamps 8 (Fig. 2). The movable column 2 has the ability to move vertically relative to the support column 1, and the anti-friction pad 7 and the clamps 8 are moved together with it.

The movable column 2 is moved by a hydraulic cylinder 9 (Fig. 2). A carriage is installed on the movable column 2 for horizontal movement of the bodies of the upper and lower pipe-clamping devices 3, which can be rotated in the horizontal plane using a manual or mechanized drive (Fig. 1).

The carriage for horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe-clamping device housings consists of a housing 10, a hydraulic cylinder 11, support rollers 12, two support profiles 13 with rollers 14 and gears 15, jumpers 16, anti-friction supports 17 and 18, rails 19 (Fig. 3).

Support rollers 12 are installed in the carriage housing for horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe-clamping device housings 10, along which the support profiles 13 can horizontally move, while on top they are limited from anti-friction bearings 17 being moved vertically and horizontally from the support. The support profiles 13 comprise rollers 14, gears 15 and anti-friction bearings 18. Between themselves, two supporting profiles 13 are connected by a jumper 16 to which the end of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 11 is attached. The housing of the hydraulic cylinder 11 is fixed n in the carriage housing for horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe-clamping device housings 10. On the rollers 14 of the support profiles 13, the case of the lower pipe-clamping device 21 can horizontally move, while it is limited from movement in the vertical and horizontal plane by antifriction bearings 18. On the carriage case for horizontal the movement of the upper and lower pipe clamping devices 10 is fixed two rails 19, in gear with which are the gears 15, in turn, the gears 15 are in eplenii with the racks 20 (Fig. 3), mounted on the housing of the lower pipe clamping device 21.

The lower pipe-clamping device consists of a housing 21, two levers 22, axles 23, gear segments 24, pushers 25, axles 26, clamps 27, hydraulic cylinder 28, axles 29, stop 30 (Fig. 5).

The levers 22 are rotatable relative to the housing 21 on the axles 23, which are fixed in the housing. The gear segments 24 are fixed on the levers 22, which ensure the interconnection of the levers 22 when they are rotated. The levers 22 are connected to the clamps 27 through the pushers 25. The pushers 25 have the ability to slide along the rear surface of the clamps 27 and rotate relative to the levers 22 on the axles 26. The housing 21 has a throat 31 into which the pipe is placed if necessary to clamp it. Clips 27 have the ability to move to meet each other, when you turn the levers, in the throat 31 and vice versa. The opposite ends of the levers are connected by a hydraulic cylinder 28 through the axis 29. The clamps 27 are equipped with quick-detachable solid dies 32 with a notch that contact the pipe body during clamping. An emphasis 30 is installed in the housing 21, the size of which depends on the diameter of the clamped pipe. Emphasis 30 is the combination of the axis of the throat 31 and the axis of the clamped pipe (Fig. 5).

On the housing of the lower pipe clamping device 21 is fixed the upper pipe clamping device 5.

The upper pipe-clamping device consists of a housing 33, a rotor wheel 34, roller bearings 35, gears 36, spurious gears 37, a housing of clips 38, spring-loaded bearings 39, fingers 40, brakes 41 (Fig. 6).

A rotor wheel 34 is mounted in the housing 33 of the upper pipe-clamping device 4, which centers the roller bearings 35. The rotor wheel is meshed with gears 36 and the output gear of the planetary gear 52. The output gear of the planetary gearbox 52 is the leading gear, and torque is transmitted from it to the rotor wheel 34 and through spurious gears 37 to gears 36, and then to the rotor wheel 34. In the rotor wheel 34, a clamp housing 38 is mounted, which can move relative to the rotor wheel 34 in a horizontal direction gloss for a limited distance, and also to move in a vertical plane on the spring-loaded bearings 39. Torque from the rotor wheel 34 is transmitted to the housing of the clamps 38 through the fingers 40 (Fig. 6).

A group of eccentric clamps 42 for screwing is installed in the terminal housing 38, and also the same group of eccentric clamps for unscrewing 43 (Fig. 7). The eccentric clamps 42 and 43 have the ability to rotate around the axes 44. The eccentric clamps 42 and 43 have an internal curved profile in contact with which the pushers 45. The pushers 45 are mounted on a rotary disk (not shown) which is interconnected with the brake mechanism 41. Housing clamps has a pharynx 46 in which the pipe 47 is placed if it is necessary to clamp and rotate. When the pipe 47 enters the throat 46, the pipe 47 is centered with the axis of the throat with an emphasis 48. The eccentric clamps 42 and 43 have a circular supporting surface, which, when clamping the pipe 47, rests on the same surface in the terminal housing 38. Contact of the eccentric clamps 42 and 43 with the pipe 47 is provided with a surface with a round profile or a profile of a logarithmic spiral with a center different from the center of rotation of the eccentric clamps 42 and 43, and on the profile there are teeth for better grip on the body of the pipe 47. Transfer of torque from the housing of the clamps 38 to the pipe 4 7 occurs through the eccentric clamps 42 and 43, while the self-clamping condition, i.e. the higher the torque, the higher the clamping force of the eccentric clamps 42 and 43 to the pipe 47 (Fig. 7).

A planetary gearbox 6 is mounted on the upper pipe-clamping device housing 5, while the output gear 52 is engaged with the rotor wheel 34 and the parasitic gears 37.

A planetary gearbox consists of a first stage 48, a second stage 49, a third stage 50, a lower half housing 51, an output gear 52, a central shaft 53, a cam coupling half 54, a cam shaft 55, a large coupling half 56 (FIG. 8).

The central shaft 53 is rigidly connected to the carrier of the first stage 57, also the central shaft 53 is connected to the central wheel of the second stage 58, through a movable spline connection. A cam coupling 54 moves on the central shaft 53 on a movable splined joint. There is a spring 59 between the central gear of the second stage 58 and the cam coupling 54, which ensures a constant position of the cam coupling 54 in the lower part of the central shaft 53. The carrier of the second stage 60 is connected to the central gear of the third stage 61. The third stage carrier 62, has cams at the bottom that are constantly engaged with the cams of the large coupling half 56. The large coupling half 56 is rigidly connected to the output gear she is 52. Thus, the torque from the hydraulic motor shaft is transmitted through three stages 48, 49, 50 through a large coupling half 56 to the output gear 52.

The output gear 52 is connected to the cam shaft 55 via a movable spline connection. There is a thrust bearing 63 between the carrier of the third stage 62 and the cam shaft 55. When the cam shaft 55 is vertically moved upward, the thrust bearing 63 moves with it, the carrier of the second 60 and the third stage 62 with central gears 58 and 61. The cam connection of the large coupling half opens 56 and drove the third stage 62, and the cams of the cam shaft 55 and the cam coupling half 54 are engaged. With this cam gear arrangement, the torque from the first stage 48 is transmitted along the central shaft 52 to the cam coupling half 54, to the cam shaft 55 and further to the output gear 52. The second 49 and third 50 gears do not participate in such gearing.

Thus, the planetary gearbox 6, depending on the position of the cam shaft 55, has two gear ratios on the output gear 52 (FIG. 8).

The drill key for working with pipe elements works as follows.

To supply the upper 33 and lower 21 pipe-clamping devices to the well axis, the hydraulic cylinder 11 is retracted and moves the supporting profiles 13 behind the jumper 16. In this case, the gears 15 transmit the force of the hydraulic cylinder 11 to the rails 20, as a result of which the lower and upper pipe-clamping devices move along the rollers 14 of the supporting profiles 13. The flow stops when the stop 30 touches the pipe coupling.

If necessary, it is possible to vertically move the bodies of the upper 33 and lower 21 pipe-clamping devices by the vertical movement of the drill key for working with pipe elements with a hydraulic cylinder 9.

Also, if necessary, rotation of the carriage 3 is possible for horizontal movement of the bodies of the upper and lower pipe clamping devices 3 relative to the movable column 2.

To fix the drill key for working with pipe elements and center the lower 21 and upper 33 pipe-clamping devices with the pipe axis, the pipe is clamped with the lower pipe-clamping device 4. The pipe is clamped as a result of the extension of the hydraulic cylinder rod 28, the levers 22 are rotated on the axes 23, which the pushers 25 extend the clamps 27 in the jaw 31 to the pipe. Centering occurs as a result of the fact that the levers 22 are interconnected by gear segments 24 which are engaged, and when the levers are turned, the clamps 27 extend at the same speed.

When making up the pipes, the gear shift cylinder (not shown) moves the cam shaft 55 upward, the cams of which engage with the cams of the cam coupling half 54, including the second gear.

A hydraulic motor (not shown) rotates the central wheel of the first stage 57, the carrier of which rotates the central shaft, through which torque is transmitted to the cam coupling half 54, the cam shaft 55 and then to the output gear 52.

The rotor wheel 34 and the housing of the clamps 38, where, under the influence of the brake 41, the eccentric clamps 42 clamp and rotate the pipe in the screwing direction at high speed. After the start of rotation, the brake 41 stops working. With increasing pipe rotation resistance, the clamping force of the pipe with eccentric clamps increases. Upon reaching the specified torque in the second gear, the rotation stops. The first gear is automatically engaged to tighten the pipe connection with high torque. To engage the first gear, the rod of the hydraulic shift cylinder is retracted, while the second 49 and third 50 steps move down under their own weight, disconnecting the cam half coupling 54 and the cam shaft 55. When the cam connection of the large half coupling 56 and the third stage carrier 62 is closed, the torque from the shaft the hydraulic motor is transmitted through three stages 48, 49, 50 of the planetary gearbox 6 to the rotor wheel 34 and the clamp housing 38. Where, under the influence of the brake 41, the eccentric clamps 42 clamp and rotate the pipe in the direction Low-speed, high-torque make-up. The rotation stops automatically when the set make-up moment is reached. After the screwing operation, the pharynx of the clamping housing 38 is aligned with the housing of the upper pipe-clamping device 33, the eccentric clamps 42 are rotated to their original position. There is an expansion of the pipe in the lower pipe clamping device 4 with a hydraulic cylinder 28.

The cases of the lower 21 and upper 33 of the pipe-clamping devices are moved to the initial position by the hydraulic cylinder 11, the rod of which moves the support profiles 13 behind the jumper 16, while the gears 15 transmit the force of the hydraulic cylinder 11 to the rails 20, as a result of which the bodies of the lower and upper pipe-clamping devices move along the rollers 14 support profiles 13. Moving stops when the hydraulic cylinder makes a full stroke.

Thus, the claimed technical solution will allow:

- to increase the reliability of the drill key for working with pipe elements through the use of antifriction gaskets between the support and movable columns with the possibility of regulating the gap between them;

- to improve the operating conditions of the drill key for working with pipe elements by reducing its dimensions due to the use of one hydraulic cylinder and due to the use in the construction of the carriage for horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe clamping devices of rack and pinion gears, where rack and pinion gears serve to double the stroke length of the specified cylinder ;

- improve the operating conditions of the drill key for working with pipe elements due to the absence of the need to change clamps in the lower pipe clamping device when working with different sizes of pipes;

- increase reliability by reducing the load on the mechanisms of the drill key for working with pipe elements, due to the use of gear segments in the drive of the lower pipe-clamping device, which allows you to combine the axis of the pharynx of the lower pipe-clamping device with the axis of the clamped pipe when the pipe is clamped, without reactive moment on the mechanisms key;

- to improve the operating conditions of the drill key for working with pipe elements due to the use of eccentric clamps in the upper pipe clamping device, which provides a more reliable grip on the pipe body in the process of making and unscrewing operations;

- increase reliability through the use of a planetary gearbox with an axial cam gear shift mechanism;

- increase reliability due to the tightness of the planetary gearbox, which allows it to operate smoothly in adverse external conditions;

- to improve the operating conditions of the drill key for working with pipe elements due to continuous monitoring, limiting and outputting to the control panel the actual value, torque developed by the upper pipe-clamping device;

- to increase the maintainability of the drill key for working with pipe elements as a whole due to the fact that the upper and lower pipe clamping devices are made in separate from each other cases, which allows for their site-by-unit replacement.

Claims (3)

1. Drilling key for working with pipe elements, comprising upper and lower pipe clamp devices, a vertical key for moving the drill key, a carriage for horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe clamp devices, lower pipe clamp device, upper pipe clamp device, planetary gearbox, characterized in that the mechanism for the vertical movement of the drill key contains a stationary support column and a movable column, between which is located an antifriction gasket pressed to the support column by adjustable clamps mounted on the movable column, which together with them and the antifriction gasket can vertically move relative to the support column using a hydraulic cylinder or a screw-nut drive driven by a hydraulic motor, while a carriage is fixed in the upper part of the movable column horizontal movement of the upper and lower pipe-clamping devices, with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, using a manual or mechanized drive into which a lower pipe-clamping device is installed, having the ability to be horizontally moved by a hydraulic cylinder mounted in the carriage body and symmetrically positioned rack-and-pinion gears, where rack-and-pinion gears serve to double the stroke length of said hydraulic cylinder, while the bottom pipe-clamping device contains two universal clamps that have a prismatic shape capture by the pipe and do not require replacement when changing the pipe size, the clamps are driven by one hydraulic cylinder through the levers, connected interconnected by gear segments, which makes it possible to center the throat of the upper and lower pipe-clamping device housings relative to the pipe axis, nor does this create a reactive moment on the drill key mechanisms for working with pipe elements, the upper pipe-clamping device of which ensures the pipe is gripped and rotated by eccentric clamps with round the profile or with the profile of the logarithmic spiral of the place of capture for the pipe, and the planetary gearbox, which is made in an airtight housing, serves as the rotation drive win axial cam gear selection. 2. The drill key for working with pipe elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the torque developed by the upper pipe-clamping device when screwing and unscrewing the pipe elements is calculated by the microprocessor device from the known gear ratios of the planetary gearbox, the gear transmission of the upper pipe-clamping device and the value torque on the shaft of the planetary gearbox drive hydraulic motor, which is determined using the value of the dynamic pressure difference of the hydraulic Liquids. 3. A drill key for working with pipe elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the torque developed by the upper pipe-clamping device when screwing and unscrewing the pipe elements is calculated by the microprocessor device from the readings of the strain gauge, which controls the reactive moment that occurs between the upper pipe-clamp housing the device and the planetary gear housing when tightening the pipe connection, provided that it is possible to rotate the said housings.