RU143153U1 - DEVICE FOR CREATING AIR AND HEAT CURTAINS OF ELECTRIC TRANSPORT WAGON - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for creating an air-thermal curtain of an electric transport car, including from the lateral — left and right sides of it: air sources with high overpressure, each placed in its own case and each having in its body a centrifugal fan with a spiral casing and a heater; air ducts having the form of vertically oriented rectangular pipes, tapering downward, with air-discharge slots made in them from the side facing the doorway; means for connecting ducts with the above sources, located in the area of the upper corners of the doorway, including inclined sections to the sides of the doorway and curved sections in the form of smoothly curved knees, characterized in that each of its heaters is inertial-free spiral type and is made in the form of electrically connected in series sections of spiral elements, the ends of which are fixed on screws, tightening insulators located on axially extended support plates that form enclosed in a shell and attached to it by an internal assembly formed of the above-mentioned plates, arranged as an elongated polyhedron with the possibility of formation of air windows between them at the location of the central part of each of the sections of the spiral element, and each of the centrifugal fans is placed to the outlet wall of the housing, installed after the heater along the air flow, and its output corresponds to the outlet of its body, which is made in one of its walls, and the inlet of the centrifugal vein tiller, being a confuser, corresponds to the output

Description

The inventive utility model relates to the equipment of transport, carriage mechanical engineering, mainly to thermal protection systems in the form of air-curtains in the doorways of cars, salons, electric transport tambours, house cars and other similar rooms.

Known domestic and foreign technical solutions for the design of air-thermal curtains (VTZ), both stationary functioning and mobile objects: warehouses (US patents for inventions: No. 3190207, No. 3350994; USSR copyright certificates: No. 706659, No. 737720, No. 1656294, RF patent for utility model No. 103896); transport hangars (USSR copyright certificate No. 482360, RF patent for utility model No. 138810); cars (USSR author's certificate No. 1549800), buses (Federal Republic of Germany patent No. 1755898).

They are characterized by the presence of the following elements fixed with support and reinforcement: a heater or a system of heaters; obstruction filters; ventilation unit and air ducts of various designs.

In the classification of VTZ devices for this application, lateral VTZs are of most interest, and there are devices for single-sided and bilateral lateral VTZs.

The inventive utility model is for two-sided VTZ.

Double-sided curtains used in cases where the door design allows you to place distribution ducts on both sides of the doorway are fundamentally more effective. In them, the air flows from the distribution ducts located on both sides protect the smaller area of the door from the penetration of external air, and, accordingly, lose less air flow velocity and its excess pressure in its path.

Side curtains can be made with one axial fan on both risers and with a fan on each riser [V.E. Reshetnikov. Expanding the scope of application of axial fans, Synopsis of reports of the scientific-industrial conference on industrial ventilation, MDNTP them. Dzerzhinsky, 1959].

Known device bilateral lateral VTZ with centrifugal fans on each riser and with different angles of the jet [Collection - Working drawings, Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings, Moscow, 1966].

Of greatest interest are the technical solutions of devices related to VTZ for thermal protection of the doorway of electric vehicles:

RF patent for utility model No. 38318 “Heating and ventilation system of rail vehicle interiors”;

RF patent for utility model No. 102917 "Air-heat curtain of a vehicle", in which there is a ventilation unit with an air distribution box and an air heater representing a block of tubular electric heaters.

The disadvantages of the analogues are the inertia of the devices due to the use of tubular electric heaters as heaters, which does not allow them to be used where inertia as a characteristic is extremely important, as, for example, for air-heat curtains of electric vehicles. In this case, an almost instantaneous exit to the operating thermal mode is required when they are turned on (when the car doors are opened) and their cooling as quickly when turned off (when the doors are closed).

The closest analogue is VTZ for protecting the doorway of a vehicle (RF patent for IZ No. 2047502), containing a fan unit, discharge ducts, air distribution ducts, an air heater and a filter. VTZ is equipped with outlet and inlet ducts installed in the upper and lower parts of the doorway. The outlet and inlet ducts are connected by air ducts with a filter and an air heater and further with a fan unit. The device operates in two modes, which are set depending on the position of the doors. With the doors closed, the unit operates at a low speed sufficient to heat the vehicle interior. With the opening of the doors, the control unit switch is activated, which transfers the fan unit to work with an increased speed, thereby ensuring a forced mode.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the considerable dimensions and weight of the device, which makes it difficult to place it in cars, where the space in the overhead space above the doorway is very limited (where it is considered most rational to have a fan unit with an air heater), since it is partially already occupied by the upper door opening mechanism.

In addition, all modern vehicles described are already equipped with automatically controlled heating systems. The use of thermal curtains for additional air heating with closed doors reduces the energy efficiency of the entire system.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to obtain the inertia of the device and reduce its weight and dimensions.

The essence of the claimed utility model lies in the fact that in the device for creating an air-thermal curtain of an electric vehicle, including an input port for supplying voltage, made with the possibility of installation above the doorway from the side of its left and right sides: air sources with high overpressure, each placed in its own case and each having in its own case a centrifugal fan with a spiral casing and a heater; air ducts having the form of vertically oriented rectangular pipes, tapering downward, with air-discharge slots made in them from the side facing the doorway; means for connecting ducts with the above sources, located in the upper corners of the doorway, including inclined sections to the sides of the doorway and curved sections in the form of smoothly curved knees, each of its heaters is inertia-free spiral type and made in the form of sections of spiral elements electrically connected in series, the ends of which are fixed on the screws tightening the insulators located on the axially extended support plates, which form placed in the shell and the internal assembly, which is numbing to it, formed from the above-mentioned plates, arranged as an elongated polyhedron with the possibility of forming air windows between them at the location of the central part of each of the sections of the spiral element, and each of the centrifugal fans is placed to the outlet wall of the housing, installed after the heater the air flow and its outlet corresponds to the outlet of its housing, which is made in one of its walls, and the inlet of the centrifugal fan, being conf the pattern corresponds to the outlet of the heater, which serves as the outlet of the shell tightly and directly connected to the confuser.

The technical result of the claimed utility model consists in the inertialessness of the device, achieved through the use of spiral heating elements, heating up to the working temperature in a few seconds when the heating voltage is applied and cooling just as quickly when it is turned off. Moreover, due to the smallness of their mass (respectively, and the amount of thermal energy accumulated in them), for their cooling to ambient temperature, the residual rotation of the fan is sufficient (while turning off the heating voltage and the voltage of the fan motor).

For thermal curtains of vehicles, inertia is especially important. When opening the doors (in the urban cycle of movement - for only 30-40 seconds) from the air ducts of the thermal curtains protecting the doors of the car, air heated to operating temperature should begin to flow within 1-3 seconds. And when closing the doors, you need to be able to turn off both the heating unit and the fan at the same time so as not to create uncomfortable conditions for the passengers of the car, giving them a buried focused stream of already unheated cold air.

When using tubular electric heaters that were previously used as heating elements (as opposed to spiral heating elements declared in this application), the technical effect in them - VTZ inertia was essentially unattainable, since the heating time and cooling time of the tubular heaters were significantly longer than the time for which the car doors open while stopping the electric vehicle.

The technical solution is illustrated using the drawings of FIG. 1-fig. 5, on which are presented:

FIG. 1 - General view of the claimed device;

FIG. 2 - air source with high overpressure;

FIG. 3 - the claimed device in the working volume of the car;

FIG. 4 - internal node of the heater;

FIG. 5 is a view from the side of the fan, an air source with high overpressure.

In all of FIG. positions 1-34 are indicated:

1 - housing;

2 - air flow inlet;

3 - airflow output;

4 - a protective grid;

5 - output pipe;

6 - heater;

7 - fan;

8 - fan casing;

9 - an electric motor;

10 - impeller with blades;

11 - fan confuser;

12 - fan outlet;

13 - axially extended base plate;

14 - hole;

15 - shell;

16 - fastener according to the type of "foot";

17 - plot of the spiral element;

18 - insulator;

19 - screw;

20 - holder;

21 - thermal fuse;

22 - hairpin (rod);

23 - supporting frame element;

24 - dielectric plate;

25 - input port for voltage supply;

26 - protective cover of the input port;

27 - grounding bolt;

28 - a clamp;

29 - profiled holder;

30 - duct;

31 - extended riser;

32 - air outlet gap;

33 - inclined section of the duct;

34 - connecting knee.

VTZ is installed in the doorways of an electric vehicle. The device contains air sources with high overpressure, each of which is essentially a block of air forcing and heating, which are mounted in the ceiling space of the doorway. Each source is placed in its own housing 1, having an inlet 2 with an opening with a protective net 4 for air intake from the car room and an outlet 3 for air flow through the outlet 5, designed to connect the source with a connecting elbow 34 of a curved profile, reinforcing and insulating elements. In each air source with high overpressure, the main elements are the inertialess type heater 6 installed on the inlet 2 side of the housing 1 and the fan 7 installed on the outlet 3 of the housing 1, which is located to the outlet wall of the housing 1. The last one (Fig. 2) is selected centrifugal type and contains placed in a spiral (in the form of a "snail") casing 8 is an electric motor 9 and an impeller with blades 10. The fan 7 has an inlet in the form of a confuser 11 — a structure inverse to the diffuser, which is part of the channel in the form of a whisker ennogo cone. In the zone of location of the confuser 11, the dynamic pressure in the direction of air flow increases, the static pressure decreases, due to which there is a smooth narrowing and acceleration of the air flow sucked in by the fan 7. In the latter there is an outlet 12 corresponding to the hole in the wall - the outlet 3 of the housing 1 and paired with it. The fan 7 is located after the heater 6 on the same axis with it. In this case, the confuser 11 of the fan 7 corresponds to the outlet of the heater 6.

The formation of the air flow occurs along the entire path in the housing 1 and, in particular, on the sections of the heater 6, especially inside the zone formed from axially extended support plates 13 with holes 14. The external element for forming the air flow on the section of the heater 6 is a shell 15, made one-piece, having fasteners on the outside of the type of “legs” 16 with holes 14 for securing the shell 15 inside the housing 1 and thermal fuses 21 (Fig. 5), providing power off I heater 6 in the maximum heating mode to avoid overheating.

The outlet of the heater 6 is the outlet of the shell 15, which is tightly and directly connected to the confuser 11 of the fan 7. In the shell 15 is placed the inner part of the heater 6, made in the form of electrically connected in series sections of the spiral elements 17, the ends of which are fixed to the screws 19, tightening the insulators 18. Ceramic insulators 18 are located on axially extended support plates 13. Almost all of the air flow created by the fan 7 is directed to heat in spiral elements 17.

Axially extended support plates 13 form an internal assembly in the heater 6, which is formed into a figure in the form of an elongated polyhedron. In this case, axially extended support plates 13 are stacked with the possibility of formation of air windows between them at the location of the central part of each of the sections of the spiral element 17. The internal assembly is fastened to the shell 15 of the heater 6 using the holders 20. In the particular case, as shown in FIG. 4, the holders 20 of the internal assembly represent thick-walled metal rectangular plates extending from the polyhedron to the sides, which can be technologically integral with a group of axially extended support plates 13, since they are so technologically made.

An important structural element of the air source with high overpressure 6 is the frame, consisting of the walls of the housing 1 and the supporting frame element 23 with a hole in the central part, on which a dielectric plate 24 is located, located at the outlet of the shell 15 along the air flow.

On the housing 1 from the outside on the wall are located: an input port for supplying voltage 25, a protective cover for it 26 and an earth bolt 27. To fix the walls of the housing 1 around the perimeter there are latches 28. In a particular case, on the housing 1 from the outer side of the upper walls can be placed profiled holders 29 for mounting inside the car in the sub-ceiling zone on the provided support with the possibility of mutual conformity of the shapes of the profiled holder 29 and the provided support (Fig. 1).

After air sources with high overpressure, each placed in its own housing 1 and installed, in this case in the amount of two, above the doorway to the left and to the right of it, air ducts 30 are located. Each of the latter has an extended riser 31 in the form of vertically oriented rectangular pipes, tapering downwards, in which the air outlet slots 32 are made from the side facing the doorway. Means for connecting the ducts 30 with the above sources are inclined sections 34 located in the upper corners of the doorway to the sides of the doorway and curved sections in the form of smoothly curved knees 34. The latter are located at the junction of the inclined section 33 of the duct 30 with the outlet pipe 5 of the housing 1 ( Fig. 3).

The device operates as follows:

When a device of this design is included in the power supply circuit of a vehicle (tram, trolleybus, electric train cars, etc.), an alternating voltage of 220 or 380 V is supplied to the power supply inputs of fan 7 by a door open signal through an input port 25; in winter time (at ambient temperatures below minus 15 ° С) a voltage (constant or alternating for different types of electric vehicles) is also supplied to the heater’s power inputs 6. Air enters the device’s input from the car’s premises into the building 1 through a hole with a protective net 4.

By rotating the impeller with blades 10 of the fan 7, the electric motor 9 provides an air discharge in the heater 6, in connection with which the air flow comes from the zone with high pressure outside the housing 1 to the zone with lower pressure through the inlet 2 of the housing 1. Next, the air flow passing through sections of the spiral element 17, heats up and enters the fan 7 through the confuser 11, after which it becomes more dense. Under the influence of the impeller with the blades 10 of the fan 7, the air flow changes its direction of motion by 90 ° and through the outlet 12 of the fan 7, coupled with the outlet 3 in the wall of the housing 1 then goes through the outlet pipe 6 into the air ducts 30 through the connecting elbow 34 and their inclined sections 33 in the areas of the upper corners of the doorway. Then through the air outlet slots 32 in the ducts 30 at an angle from 0 to 30 ° C to the plane of the doorway there is a directed supply of air jets. The arrangement of air ducts 30 symmetrically to the left and right of the doorway ensures that the aperture is blocked by air currents on both sides, which gives the curtain greater stability and prevents the penetration of cold air into the car’s room in the winter and protects from dust and hot air in the summer.

Air filters in this device are not required, since air enters it directly from the car, which has already passed through the filters of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems of the car.

Example

The enterprise - the Applicant is testing a number of VTZ designs in which the design features described above are embodied. There were no spiral heaters among the previously used VTZ devices, therefore, everything related to this part of the claimed device was performed for such products for the first time and goes through all the stages of R&D. Sections of spiral heating elements, about 60 mm long, are made of GSSY superfechral (a wire with a diameter of 0.8-1.0 mm, wound around a core with a diameter of 8-10 mm). The current density in spiral heating elements is about 15 times lower than in tubular electric heaters used by other manufacturers of climatic equipment for electric trains. In a particular heater, two rows of spirals are installed using ceramic insulators placed on axially extended support plates. The details of the heater’s internal assembly of the inventive device are made of carbon structural steel of grade 20 with a quality of group B surface. A thermal fuse is installed inside the case on the outer side of the shell (in the most heated region — on its upper part near the fan). The housing of each of the air sources with high excess pressure is made of carbon steel according to GOST 16523-97.

The vertically oriented and inclined parts of each of the ducts are made of ordinary pipe, un galvanized according to GOST 3262-75.

Due to the use of the developed heater, the device allows to increase the efficiency of its use, as well as durability due to the instant shutdown of the device at the time of closing the doors and its subsequent instant inclusion only at the moment of opening the doors.

Claims (1)

A device for creating an air-thermal curtain of an electric transport car, including from the lateral — left and right sides of it: air sources with high overpressure, each placed in its own case and each having in its body a centrifugal fan with a spiral casing and a heater; air ducts having the form of vertically oriented rectangular pipes, tapering downward, with air-discharge slots made in them from the side facing the doorway; means for connecting ducts with the above sources, located in the zone of the upper corners of the doorway, including inclined sections to the sides of the doorway and curved sections in the form of smoothly curved knees, characterized in that each of its heaters is inertial-free spiral type and is made in the form of electrically connected in series sections of spiral elements, the ends of which are fixed on screws, tightening insulators located on axially extended support plates that form enclosed in a shell and attached to it by an internal assembly formed of the above-mentioned plates, arranged as an elongated polyhedron with the possibility of formation of air windows between them at the location of the central part of each of the sections of the spiral element, and each of the centrifugal fans is placed to the outlet wall of the housing, installed after the heater along the air flow, and its output corresponds to the outlet of its body, which is made in one of its walls, and the inlet of the centrifugal vein the killer, being a confuser, corresponds to the outlet of the heater, which serves as the outlet of the shell tightly and directly connected to the confuser.