RU138714U1 - ROOF DEVICE FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The roof device of a building and structure, comprising a roof with a gutter and a drain funnel connected to the internal drainage system, characterized in that it is provided with a drain pipe installed from the gutter to the lower edge of the roof and connected to a drain hole made in the lower part of the gutter. 2. The roof device of a building and structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain funnel is installed with a gap relative to the gutter. The device of the roof of the building and structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain funnel is installed no higher than the level of the upper edge of the lower part of the gutter.

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and operation of buildings and structures and can be used to prevent the formation of ice and icicles on the edges of the roof.

Known technical devices for the periodic removal of icicles as they accumulate on the edge of the roof.

So, in the device for removing ice according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2169245 according to class. 7 E04D 13/00 (published on 06/20/2001, bull. No. 17) uses a source of mechanical impulses with a mounting unit on a building or structure and an elastic element located along the eaves of the roof. The device is additionally equipped with rods spring-loaded in the opposite direction to the action of mechanical pulses, on the one hand connected with an elastic element made in the form of a linear waveguide mechanically decoupled from the roof eaves, and on the other hand, with a source of mechanical pulses. In addition, the known device contains a number of additional features that improve its technical and operational characteristics. In the known device due to the spring-loaded rods, the concentration of the force pulse from the source of its perturbation to the linear waveguide is provided, thereby increasing the amplitude of the force perturbation transmitted to the icicles. What ensures their separation from the roof and discharge under the influence of their own gravity down to the ground

In the roof device of the building and structures for removing icicles (see copyright certificate No. 775268 according to class E04D 13/06, publ. 10/30/80, bull. No. 40), a system of blocks and two-arm levers pivotally mounted on the corners of the walls is provided building. To the ends of the levers are attached cables stretched along the roof. The short ends of the levers are connected by additional cables to a source of mechanical disturbance, for example, doors. The system of levers, blocks and cables allows the use of mechanical forces when opening doors to act on icicles. The known device provides separation and discharge from the roof of already formed icicles due to mechanical energy.

Another area of icicle control involves the use of special roofing coatings to reduce the likelihood of icing and icicles. So, for example, an anti-icing coating is known, which includes non-polar rubbers and can be applied to a surface that is prevented from ice buildup (description of the invention to RF patent No. 2086601 according to Cl. 6 C09K 3/18). The coating can provide effective surface protection for a long period of time from ice buildup. However, to protect the roof from frost and icicles arising on its lower edges, the use of a known coating is expensive and not always effective. So, on sloping roofs, ice may freeze over the entire surface of the roof, the destruction of which can occur only with the growth of large icicles that threaten the safety of the population.

A device is known for the roof of a building and structure, including a roof, the surface of which is de-iced with a strip along the lower edge of the roof, the width of the strip depending on the climatic zone and the slope of the roof is determined by a value from 0.1 m to 2.5 m .; the coating strip is applied with an overlap relative to the roof by an overhang of at least 2 cm down from its lower edge; the angle between the roof surface and the inlet plane does not exceed 180 °. See RF patent No. 2244790, IPC E04D 13/076.

The known technical solution allows to reduce the adhesion of freezing water to the roof surface in its lower part, and thereby reduce the likelihood of frost formation and icicles, or at least reduce the load on the roof during the removal of ice from the roof.

At the same time, taking into account that a significant part of the roofs has a small slope angle, as a result of which, even with insignificant adhesion forces, the ice with the anti-icing coating has cases of ice retention on the roof surface.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is the device of the roof of a building and structure, containing a roof with a gutter located in its lower part, installed relative to the lower edge of the roof surface at a distance of not less than 0.4 m, an anti-icing coating made in the form of a thin-walled shell covering the space between the upper edge of the gutter and the lower edge of the roof surface with an inlet relative to the lower edge of the roof surface, gutter, water diverting funnel installed in the gutter in increments of no more than 10 m., connected to the internal drainage system. The size of the height of the gutter in the known technical solution is selected from the condition of providing at least 45 ° slope angle of the anti-icing coating. The anti-icing coating is installed with a gap relative to the lower edge of the roof surface and is fixed on the elastic supports installed along the lower edge with a pitch of at least 0.3 m. The stiffness of the supports is recommended at least 1 kg / cm. The known device is also equipped with additional gutters with a height of at least 10 mm mounted on the roof surface with a slope of at least 8 ° to the drainage funnels. See RF patent No. 2 338 863, publ. November 20, 2008, bull. Number 32.

This device provides the outlet of water through the internal drainage system, which eliminates the likelihood of melt water entering the overhang of the roof and reduces the likelihood of ice formation and icicles.

At the same time, a significant part of the buildings and structures put into operation uses drainpipes to divert water. And for the implementation of the known technical solution, significant work is required to organize a new drainage system.

The aim of the present invention is to reduce the cost of re-equipment of the roof to ensure a decrease in the likelihood of frost and icicles on the lower edge of the roofing

To achieve the stated goal, the known roof device of a building and structure, comprising a roof with a gutter and a drain funnel connected to an internal drainage system, is provided with a drain pipe installed from the gutter to the lower edge of the roof and connected to a drain hole made in the lower part of the gutter;

a drainage funnel is installed with a gap relative to the gutter;

the drainage funnel is set no higher than the level of the upper edge of the lower part of the gutter.

The proposed technical solution allows in the warm period of operation of the building to drain water flowing from the roof in the traditional way, through a hole in the drain, a drain pipe and then through a drain pipe into the existing drainage system. In the winter period of operation, the water in the drain pipe will freeze and the flowing melt water, fill the gutter, and, reaching the level of the drain funnel, are discharged into the internal drainage system, or in the absence of such a drainage system. In the period of stable positive temperatures, ice in the drain pipe grows, and the entire volume of melt water will be provided into the existing drainage system. Given that the volume of melt water during periods of time when the water in the drain pipe freezes, compared with the volume of water from rainfall during periods of warm operating time when the water in the drain pipe does not freeze, is insignificant. As a result, in the proposed technical solution for the arrangement of the internal drainage system, it will be necessary to use pipes of much smaller diameter than in the known technical solution, which reduces the cost of roofing equipment. In addition, the proposed technical solution allows directing only a small part of melt water into the sewage system and only during periods of probable formation of icicles, which excludes the possibility of overloading the sewage system with additional water drains.

Figure 1 shows the conditional diagram of the proposed technical solution. The device includes a roof 1 with a gutter installed in its lower part 2. To ensure the water flowing off the roof, the gutter 2 is sloped towards the receiving funnel of the gutter 3. In the lower part of the gutter 2, in its lateral surface, a through hole 4, hermetically connected to a drain pipe 5 mounted on the overhang of the roof 6 with an inlet D relative to the lower edge of the roof 7. The length of the drain pipe 5 is selected from the condition of placing its drain hole above the receiving funnel oh pipe 3. In order to reduce the volume of freezing melt water gutter is desirably performed in the region adjacent to the warm zone of the roof, not beyond the external dimensions of the building walls. It is advisable to install most of the gutter over the area located above the attic space. The position of the gutter 2 on the roof is determined depending on the specific parameters of the roof (the width of the overhang, the presence of vents, the height of the floor level of the attic floor, the thermal regime of the attic space, etc.)

On the inner side of the gutter 2, with a clearance § relative to its side wall, a drainage funnel 9 is made in the roof surface 1 and is tightly connected to the pipe 10 of the internal drainage system (not shown in Fig. 1). The design of the node of the drain funnel 9 can be different, for example, can be performed according to the scheme, well-known company Nicoll presented http://www.nicoll.ru/catalogue/gutters/ovation/. Or by analogy with the design of the outlet for the sink (see http://www.magazinsan.ru/catalog/id63/). The main requirement for the implementation of the node of the funnel 9 is the tightness of its connection with the roof surface. The tracing of the branch pipe 10 is made into the internal drainage system (storm sewer, not shown in Fig. 1). In the absence of an internal drainage system, or when using the proposed technical solution in climatic zones where there is a chance of freezing storm sewers, pipe 10 is traced to the sewage system of the building (not shown in Fig. 1). Tracing of pipe 10 is carried out in accordance with well-known recommendations for the implementation of sewer drains (see, for example, http://www.lmow-house.ru/info jiew.php? R = engineering & uid = 53). To eliminate the likelihood of freezing water in the pipe 10, it is necessary to prevent the presence of elbows in contact with the parts of the attic structure facing the street (for example, with the outer wall of the building). If necessary, to guarantee the elimination of the probability of freezing water, a heating cable can be installed in the pipe 10 (not shown in Fig. 1). The gap value δ is satisfied so that the level of the gutter funnel (HI) does not exceed the level of the upper edge of the gutter at its lowest point (H). If necessary, additional funnels can be installed along the gutter to increase the likelihood of guaranteed drainage of meltwater (not shown in the figure).

The proposed device operates as follows. Atmospheric precipitation, falling on the roof 1, flows to the gutter 2 and through the through hole 4, the drain pipe 5 is discharged into the water intake funnel of the drain pipe 3. In winter, the temperature is unevenly distributed over the roof surface (snow cover, heat flows from the attic premises, solar radiation), and in conditions when a positive temperature value is established on a part of the roof surface, melt water forms. Melt water is held in by the gutter 2 and, according to the above-described scheme, also through the drain pipe 5, the receiving funnel of the drain pipe 3 is discharged from the building. In conditions of lowering the temperature, when the temperature of the roof surface on its overhang reaches a negative value, melt water will freeze in the lower part of the drain pipe. With further melting of the snow masses at freezing temperatures, the water in the drain pipe 5 will freeze, the melt water output to the receiving funnel of the drain pipe 3 will be closed, and the water level will begin to rise in the gutter 2. When the water rises to the level of the drain funnel 9, the melt water will leave through the drain funnel 9 pipe 10 into the internal drainage system (either into the storm sewer, provided that it is not freezing, or into the sewage system). Thus, the exit of meltwater to the eaves of the roof is blocked, and the possibility of the formation of ice and icicles is excluded. To eliminate the likelihood of ice formation on the eaves of the roof, well-known technical solutions can be used. Either the roof overhang is covered with an anti-icing coating (see, for example, RF patent No. 2291261, RF patent No. 2338863), or, with a small slope of the roof, equipment over the overhang of the superstructure with a reverse slope towards the gutter (see patent application No. 2012113382) . During periods of stable thaw, when a positive temperature is established, the water in the drain pipe 5 will thaw, the water from the gutter 2 according to the previously described scheme through the drain pipe 5 will go into the receiving funnel 3 of the drain pipe. The water level in the gutter will decrease, and melt water will be discharged bypassing the drain funnel directly through the drain pipe 5.

Thus, the main water flow, both in the conditions of summer precipitation and in the spring period of intensive melting of the snow masses accumulated on the roof, will be carried out in the traditional way, through a drainpipe. However, only meltwater will be directed into the internal drainage system during periods of temperature fluctuations relative to the snowmelt temperature with a slight melting rate and an insignificant amount of meltwater. That allows you to perform an internal drainage system from pipes of small diameter, not to overload the sewage system, and to reduce the cost of retrofitting the roof, to solve the problem of the alleged invention.

Claims (3)

1. The roof device of a building and structure, comprising a roof with a gutter and a drain funnel connected to the internal drainage system, characterized in that it is provided with a drain pipe installed from the gutter to the lower edge of the roof and connected to a drain hole made in the lower part of the gutter. 2. The roof device of a building and structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain funnel is installed with a gap relative to the gutter. 3. The roof device of the building and structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain funnel is installed no higher than the level of the upper edge of the lower part of the gutter.

Images