RU2310727C1 - Device to protect building roof against ice and icicle formation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, particularly building or building structure roof construction.

SUBSTANCE: device includes anti-icing covering arranged along lower roof edge and projecting downwards from roof edge. The anti-icing covering is secured between lower roof edge and upper gutter edge. Device comprises heating cable installed under anti-icing covering and connected to upper gutter edge.

EFFECT: decreased probability of ice and icicle formation and decreased power inputs.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and operation of buildings and structures and can be used to prevent the formation of ice and icicles on the edges of the roof.

A device is known for removing ice from the roofs of buildings and structures, including a source of mechanical impulses with a fastening unit on the knowledge or structure and an elastic element located along the eaves of the roof connected with a source of mechanical impulses. See RF patent for the invention No. 2169245 by class. 7 E04D 13/00, publ. 06/20/2001, bull. Number 7. The device is additionally equipped with rods spring-loaded in the opposite direction to the action of mechanical pulses, on the one hand connected to an elastic element made in the form of a linear waveguide mechanically decoupled from the roof cornice, and on the other hand, to a source of mechanical pulses. In addition, the known device contains a number of additional features that improve its technical and operational characteristics. In the known device due to the spring-loaded rods, the concentration of the force pulse from the source of its perturbation to the linear waveguide is provided, thereby increasing the amplitude of the force perturbation transmitted to the icicles. What ensures their separation from the roof and discharge under the influence of their own gravity down to the ground. In this device also, when the icicles are torn off the roof, various types of damage to the roof roof are inevitable.

Known methods of protecting roofs from the formation of ice and icicles by heating part of the roof along the path of meltwater movement - endovy, gutters, drainpipes. The main manufacturers of such systems are EBERLE (Germany), SST (Russia), OJ (Norway), RAYCHEM (USA), DE-Y1 (Denmark), ENSTO-NOKIA (Finland) See, for example, S. Mikhin. DE-Y1 de-icing systems. Building Season Magazine, No. 9 (146). Such systems make it possible to drain melt water on a heated surface, which prevents the formation of icing and eliminates the possibility of the formation of icicles. At the same time, calculations and operating experience show that equipment with such systems requires a large consumption of electric energy (about 150 kW · h per 1 linear meter of roof per season) and a significant installed capacity of tens of kW per building, which is not always acceptable, especially for buildings located in old equipped areas.

Significant attention in the literature is given to special coatings that reduce the likelihood of icing and icicles. So, for example, an anti-icing coating is known, which includes non-polar rubbers and can be applied to a surface that is prevented from ice buildup (description of the invention to RF patent No. 2086601 according to Cl. 6 C09K 3/18). The coating can provide effective surface protection for a long period of time from the buildup of ice. However, to protect the roof from frost and icicles arising on its lower edges, the use of a known coating is expensive and not always effective. So, on sloping roofs, ice may freeze over the entire surface of the roof, the destruction of which can only occur with the growth of large icicles that threaten the safety of the population.

The closest technical solution is the device of the roof of the building and structures, including the roof, the surface of which is de-iced with a strip along the lower edge of the roof, the width of the strip depending on the climatic zone and the slope of the roof is determined by a value from 0.1 m to 2.5 m .; the coating strip is applied with an overlap relative to the roof by an overhang of at least 2 cm down from its lower edge; the angle between the roof surface and the inlet plane does not exceed 180 °, cm. RF patent No. 2244790, IPC E04D 13/076.

This design allows you to reduce the likelihood of ice formation on the lower part of the edge, and therefore, icicles without additional energy consumption. However, with an increase in temperature in the attic, due to melting snow in the upper part of the roof, melt water flows onto the icy cover and the formation of icicles. Despite the fact that the connection of the formed icicles with the anti-icing coating is insignificant, their retention on the surface is due to the connection with the ice contained in the upper part of the roof and it is necessary to maintain the roof to remove them. Despite the fact that insignificant efforts are sufficient to remove icicles from the anti-icing coating, for their implementation it is necessary for maintenance personnel to climb the roof and carry out the impact along the entire perimeter of the roof in the places where icicles form.

The aim of the present invention is to simplify the process of servicing the roof and reduce the likelihood of icicles forming with limited energy consumption.

To achieve this goal in a known technical device containing an anti-icing coating installed along the lower edge of the roof with an inlet down, the anti-icing coating is fixed between the lower edge of the roof and the upper edge of the drainage channel and is equipped with a heating cable installed under the anti-icing coating on the upper edge of the drainage channel;

the specific thermal power of the heating cable per unit length is at least 10 W / m and increases in proportion to the distance from the upper point of the trench, reaching at its lower point values not less than 50% higher than the thermal power at its upper point;

equipped with a heat-insulating harness installed under the anti-icing coating along the heating cable from the inside of the drainage channel.

The proposed technical solution by supplying power to the heating cable allows avoiding freezing of melt water to ice, which, combined with the presence of anti-icing coating on the further path of melt water, will reduce the likelihood of icicles forming. Considering that heating is not carried out over the entire surface of melt water passage, but only part of the anti-icing coating installed on the upper edge of the gutter is heated, additional energy losses will be negligible.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed technical solution. The device includes an anti-icing coating 1 made, for example, from a fabric impregnated with a hydrophobic composition, for example, from a fiberglass impregnated with Teflon. See, for example, http // www.beltimpex.ru. Or a thin sheet material coated with a hydrophobic material, for example, self-adhesive fiberglass material impregnated with Teflon. See, for example, http // www.beltimpex.ru. The coating is made according to the size of the surface that overlaps the space between the lower edge 2 of the roof and the upper edge of the drainage channel 3. Mounting the coating on the roof can be carried out in various ways. Figure 1 shows the mounting option of the anti-icing coating on the roof, when in the lower edge of the canvas, at a distance of not less than 1 cm from the edge, in increments of not more than 1 m (not shown), holes with installed eyelets 4 are made. The shape of the holes does not matter values (round, oval, rectangular, etc.) and is selected based on the specific design. Fundamental is the area of the bore, which is determined by the size of the S-shaped hook 5, the rod thickness d of which is selected based on the conditions of fastening on the edge of the roof 2. S-shaped hooks 5 are inserted at one end of the eyelets 2. The free ends of the hooks are intended for installation devices on the edge of the roof 2.

A heating cable 6 is installed under the anti-icing coating 1 on the upper edge of the drainage channel 3 and is connected to a device for turning it on and off (not shown). In order to protect the anti-icing coating and heating cable from damage by sharp edges of the drainage channel, as well as to exclude the possibility of water getting under the icing coating, the surface of the edge of the drainage channel can be covered with a special gasket 7 made of soft material, for example, rubber sealant or gerlen tape. Along the heating cable 6 from the side opposite from the lower edge of the roof 2 on the upper edge of the gutter 3 is installed heat-insulating harness 8. The fastening of the heating cable and heat-insulating harness can be combined and performed in various ways. Of fundamental importance is the location of the heat-insulating bundle relative to the heating cable - from the side opposite to the bottom edge of the roof.

Mounting the device on the roof is as follows. First, a special gasket 7 is mounted on the upper edge of the groove 3. Next, along the upper edge of the groove 3, over the gasket 7, a heating cable 6 and heat-insulating harness 8 are fixed. The heating cable 6 and heat-insulating harness 8 can be fixed together with special brackets (not shown). The cover 1 with hooks 5 installed in the holes of the eyelets 4 is stretched to the lower edge of the roof 2 so that the free ends of the hooks 5 with their hooks cover the lower edge of the roof. Further, bending the upper edge of the coating onto the inner surface of the drainage channel 3 over the heating cable 6 and the heat-insulating bundle 8 using screws (screws) 9, fix the upper edge of the coating to the drainage channel 3.

The proposed device operates as follows. A significant part of the precipitation falling on the anti-icing coating 1, due to its hydrophobicity and poor adhesion to ice, as well as a significant angle of inclination of the roof slide down. Melt water, formed due to the melting of the snow cover of the upper part of the roof due to solar radiation or heat fluxes of the under-roof space, is delayed by the drainage gutters. With significant snow load and freezing of melt water in the gutters, the gutters overflow 3. The presence of the connection of the anti-icing coating to the gutter 3 ensures that the joint with the coating is sealed reliably when the water freezes, and the water flows onto the anti-icing coating and, in significant cases, falls down without causing any Any problems in the operation of the roof. In the event of a meteorological situation (melt water intensity, air temperature, wind, wind disturbances of the anti-icing coating, etc.), when icicles begin to form on the surface of the anti-icing coating, the heating heating cable is turned on 6. Heat fluxes of the heating cable 6, the power of which is at least 10 W / m, the bonds of icicles are melted with the icing of a crowded drainage channel and due to the weakness of the connection of icicles with an anti-icing coating under the influence of venous weight and vibrations of the coating, icicles fall down. The thermal power of the heating cable is selected specifically for each roof and is determined mainly by its design features (to a large extent, the heat flows of the attic space). The size of the minimum power was chosen semi-empirically based on the prevailing values of the temperature of the ice, the air of the anti-icing coating and other factors during the period of intensive formation of icicles. Considering that the intensity of meltwater, as well as the intensity of icicle formation increases in the lower part of the gutter, for more efficient use of the energy of the heating cable, it is necessary to increase the intensity of its heat transfer in the lower part of the drainage gutter, i.e. in the place of the most intense formation of icicles. The degree of increase in heat transfer intensity is also determined by the structural features of the roof - the angle of the roof slope, the angle of inclination of the drainage channel, etc. As an analysis of existing roof structures shows, an increase in the intensity of heat transfer in the lower part of the drainage channel significantly increases the energy efficiency of the generated heat. The heat-insulating tourniquet 8 closes the heat flux from the heating cable to the ice of the drainage chute, which allows us to concentrate on melting the icicles and ice bonds, which also allows us to reduce heat loss and increase the efficiency of use of the consumed heat. In contrast to the known systems for combating icicles by heating in the proposed device, heating is not used to melt ice and snow on the roof, but only to facilitate the separation of icicles from ice. Which significantly reduces the amount of energy consumed.

Thus, in the proposed device, thanks to new essential features in combination with the known ones, the process of servicing the roof is greatly simplified, which is reduced to turning on the power to the heated cable under conditions of increased probability of icicles. If necessary, this process can be automated by incorporating additional automation elements into the system.

Claims (3)

1. A device for protecting the roof of a building and structure from the formation of ice and icicles, comprising an anti-icing coating installed along the lower edge of the roof with an inlet downward, characterized in that the anti-icing coating is fixed between the lower edge of the roof and the upper edge of the drainage channel and is equipped with a heating cable installed under the anti-icing coating on the upper edge of the gutter. 2. The device for protecting the roof of a building and structure from the formation of ice and icicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific heat output of the heating cable per unit length is at least 10 W / m and increases in proportion to the distance from the upper point of the gutter, reaching its lower point of value, not less than 50% higher than the value of thermal power at its upper point. 3. The device for protecting the roof of a building and structure from the formation of ice and icicles according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a heat-insulating tourniquet installed under the anti-icing coating along the heating cable from the inside of the gutter.