RU135495U1 - DEVICE FOR DRYING FOOD - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for drying food products, including a film electric heater, characterized in that a grid of non-metallic material is placed on the film electric heater. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice is mounted on supports made of non-metallic material. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a thermal reflector is placed under the film electric heater. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it is placed inside a box-shaped case with the edges bent along the contour. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a fiberglass with a Teflon or silicone coating is placed on the grill.

Description

The utility model relates to the technique of drying food products and can be used for drying fruits, vegetables, mushrooms and other products, both in domestic conditions and in agricultural production.

Known dryer for vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, herbs and other products, containing a multi-section camera; the chamber is made of mesh material with a blackened surface, the base of each section is rigidly fixed to the inner surface of the chamber and is also made of mesh material, each section has loading hatches made on the side surface of the chamber with the possibility of hermetic closure, and the lower and upper surfaces of the chamber are conical and equipped with devices for hanging, and the mesh sizes of the mesh material are selected in such a way as to avoid insects from entering the dryer, RU 12582 0 U1.

This dryer is ineffective, since drying is carried out mainly in the sun; in the absence of solar heat, the dryer operates only on the heat of external heaters or without them in the natural ventilation mode through the chamber material, which necessitates the need for additional external devices or a very long drying time.

A low-power dryer for fruits and vegetables is known, consisting of a housing mounted on the supports with a loading hopper mounted on it, an unloading nozzle, nozzles for supplying and discharging air, a shaft with mesh disk shelves fixed on it, made in the form of inclined four-blade sections, RU 10320 U1.

This device has a very complex and therefore expensive design due to the presence of a number of mechanisms, namely, it has a drive consisting of a gear motor and chain transmission, from which the rotation is transmitted to the shaft, on which four-blade mesh sections are mounted with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination. The loading of sections is carried out using a baking powder mounted on the shaft, and the unloading of the dry product is carried out with the help of blades in the discharge pipe. As a drying agent, air heated in an electric air heater is used. The presence of the above rather complex elements reduces the reliability of the device as a whole and complicates its operation.

The same disadvantages are inherent in the dryer for agricultural products, containing a drying chamber with an inclined bottom and mechanisms for loading and unloading the product; the dryer is equipped with a nozzle with a perforated tubular capacity located in it, a drive drum mounted in a pan formed by an inclined bottom, a tape wound around the drive drum and a cone torus, the latter being covered by a tape, and the perforated tubular container inserted in the cone torus, RU 2035019 C1.

A device for drying fruits containing a horizontal drying chamber with rotating round rods, forming a kind of live rolls, as well as a hot air circulation system, CN 202195667, is known.

This device has a simpler design in comparison with the analogs described above, however, its operation is associated with high energy consumption and low efficiency, since a significant part of the thermal energy together with the heated air is discharged into the atmosphere, and a relatively small part of it is used for drying the product.

A device for drying food products, consisting of a film electric heater (PLEN) with fixed on two opposite edges of the core stiffeners, http://estechnology.ru/products/plen-dla-syshki-ovoshei-fruktov.html, 07.22.13 ( a copy of the link is attached).

For drying food: vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, berries, bread, fish, etc. the device is placed on a flat surface on a heat-insulating material. On the surface of the heater can be placed "any tissue layer" on which the product to be dried is laid in one layer.

This device is taken as a prototype of this utility model.

The main disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of natural ventilation between the surface of the PLEN and the dried product. The vapor generated under the product is not removed, which leads to a significant increase in the drying time. Thermal (infrared) radiation goes both in the direction of the product, and in the opposite direction, which leads to irrational costs of thermal energy and, accordingly, increases the specific energy consumption.

In addition, the prototype device requires a heat-insulating material that is not structurally related to it, which reduces usability.

The objective of this utility model is to provide natural ventilation between the surface of the PLEN and the product to be dried, and thereby reduce the drying time, as well as ensure the return and beneficial use of the part of the thermal energy emitted by the PLEN in the opposite direction to the product, and thereby reduce the specific energy consumption. In addition, the problem of reducing the heating of the product due to the lack of direct conductive heat transfer from the surface of the PLEN to the product is solved, which ensures an increase in the nutritional value of the dried product.

According to a utility model, in a device for drying food products, including a film electric heater, a lattice of non-metallic material is placed on the film electric heater; the grill is mounted on supports made of non-metallic material; a thermal reflector is placed under the film electric heater; the device is placed inside a box cover with the edges bent along the contour; fiberglass with Teflon or silicone coating can be placed on the grill.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 is a plan view;

in FIG. 2 is a section Α-A in FIG. one.

The applicant has not identified any technical solutions identical to the claimed one, which allows us to conclude that the utility model meets the patentability condition “Novelty”.

A device for drying food products includes PLEN 1, on which a lattice 2 is made, made of non-metallic, in this example, chemically and biologically inert polymeric material, in particular, polyethylene with a mesh size of 9 × 9 mm. The grill 2 is mounted on supports 3 made, in particular, from a plastic corner measuring 20 × 20 mm. Under the PLEN 1 there is a thermal reflector 4, made in a specific example from the ALUFOM PE reflective insulation with a thermal reflection coefficient of 0.95, a heat transfer coefficient of 0.038-0.051 W / m ° C and an application temperature of -60 to + 100 ° C.

The elements of the device are placed inside a box cover 5 made of chemically and biologically inert polymer non-woven material with the edges curved upward. The resistive element 6 PLEN 1 through a cable 7 is connected to an electrical network voltage of 220 V. The surface temperature of the PLEN 1 does not exceed 50 ° C.

The device operates as follows.

The sliced product is placed in a single layer on the grid, after which the device is connected to the electrical network and the product is dried. The maximum heating of the product during drying is 35 ° C, while the maximum heating of the PLEN surface is 50 ° C. The drying time of various products is strictly individual and depends on many factors, such as humidity and thickness of the product, humidity and ambient temperature, the presence of ventilation in the room, the voltage in the network and others. The average drying time is:

- for green crops - from 2 to 4 hours;

- for vegetables - from 10 to 16 hours;

- for fruits - from 12 to 24 hours;

- for berries - from 8 to 24;

- for mushrooms - from 10 to 16 hours;

- for fish - from 10 to 14 hours;

- for meat - from 12 to 16 hours;

- for dough, liquid and pureed masses (cereals, milk, yogurt, pastille) - from 12 to 18 hours.

To dry liquid and pureed products in the initial stage of drying, a fiberglass fabric can be laid on the grate, in this example, with a “FORFLON” PTFE-coated PTFE coating (not shown in the drawing). This fabric is intended for use in direct contact with food, has a release surface, non-toxic. It is also possible to use a silicone coating with release properties.

Due to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the utility model, namely, the fact that the PLEN has a lattice made of a polymer material, a technical result is achieved consisting in providing natural ventilation between the PLEN surface and the product to be dried, which allows to remove the vapor formed under the product, lower the drying temperature and reduce its duration. This effect increases when the grill is installed on the supports. The presence of a thermal reflector under the PLEN provides an additional supply of thermal energy to the product, which allows to reduce the specific energy consumption or shorten the drying time.

Since all the elements of the device are placed inside the box-shaped case and, therefore, combined into a single device, the need for a separate element that is not structurally related to others, namely, the material placed under the PLEN on the supporting surface, disappears, which increases the usability of the device.

A prototype device has been manufactured and tested.

Claims (5)

1. A device for drying food products, including a film electric heater, characterized in that a film made of a non-metallic material is placed on the film electric heater. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice is mounted on supports of non-metallic material. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a thermal reflector is placed under the film electric heater. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it is placed inside a box-shaped case with the edges curved upward along the contour. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the grating is placed fiberglass with Teflon or silicone coating.

Images