RU133157U1 - BUILDING BLOCK INSERT (SPECIFICATIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The liner of the building block for spoon masonry, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with at least one through vertical hole in the body from the side of the bed side and with at least one recess on each bonded side perpendicular to the bed side to form when laying together with the corresponding recess adjacent building block of an additional vertical hole, characterized in that it is freely installed in the hole of the building block with possibly Tew movement along the hole a thin-walled tubular member of a thermally insulating material or insulating or structural material, formed with a minimum height building height bloka.2. The liner of the building block for spoon masonry, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with at least one through vertical hole in the body from the side of the bed side and with at least one recess on each bonded face perpendicular to the bed side to form, when laying, together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent building block additional vertical holes, characterized in that it is freely installed in the hole of the building block with possible Stu movement along the hole corpulent elongated element of a thermally insulating or insulating, or the structural material, formed with a minimum height building height bloka.3. Liner of a building block for spoon masonry made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with at least one squaw

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of building blocks or bricks and the method of masonry from them, and can be used in the construction of external load-bearing walls of buildings and structures up to three floors high.

A known building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed edges, provided with at least one row of recesses located along the spoon face, while at least one recess is made in the form the through hole, and the other two recesses of the row are made in the form of grooves on the butt edges, the size of the hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the sum of the depths the grooves on the bonding faces, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the specified thickness of the layer of binder solution between the blocks when laying (RU No. 121838, E04C 1/00, publ. 10.11.2012). This decision was made as a prototype.

The presence of through holes in such a building block provides a sufficiently high percentage of voidness, which allows the block to perform both structural and heat-insulating functions in the outer walls of buildings, leading to a reduction in energy consumption for heating buildings. Such an arrangement of rows of through holes in the building block and on its butt faces causes its reduced thermal conductivity in both the butt and spoon directions of the heat flow, and increases the thermal properties of the building block in the outer walls of buildings and structures. However, these voids cannot be considered as channels for laying engineering communications or power elements of wall reinforcement. The impossibility of forming, when laying blocks of through vertical channels in the wall, necessary for use for various purposes - for laying communications, for hardening the masonry with reinforcing elements, including by creating in full or in part the height of the wall of the vertical channels of an equal strength monolithic reinforced concrete structure, and / or for masonry insulation with bulk insulating materials with vertical backfilling on top of more than one row, causes the insufficient applicability of the building block.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the operational properties of a building block with masonry by using their voidness to organize vertically oriented channels for laying communications and / or for insulating masonry with heat-insulating rigid ones due to the insertion of embryos.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the liner of the building block for spoon masonry, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with at least one through vertical hole in the body from the side of the bed side and with at least one recess on each bonded side perpendicular to the bed side to form when masonry together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent building block of an additional vertical hole, is a freely installed in the hole building unit with the ability to move along the hole thin-walled tubular element of heat-insulating material or insulating material, made not less than the height of the building block.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the liner of the building block for spoon masonry, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with at least one through vertical hole in the body from the side of the bed side and with at least one recess on each bonded side perpendicular to the bed side to form when masonry together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent building block of an additional vertical hole, is a freely installed in the hole building unit with the ability to move along the hole a full elongated shape of an insulating material made with a height not less than the height of the building block.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the liner of the building block for spoon masonry, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with at least one through vertical hole in the body from the side of the bed side and with at least one recess on each bonded side perpendicular to the bed side to form when masonry together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent building block of an additional vertical hole, is a freely installed in the hole building unit with the ability to move along the hole a full elongated element made up of a set of plates of various heat-insulating or sound-heat-insulating or insulating materials or structural materials and made not less than the height of the building block.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by specific examples of execution, which, however, are not the only possible, but clearly demonstrate the ability to achieve the desired technical result.

Figure 1 shows a number of spoon masonry from building blocks with liners;

figure 2 - shows a General view of the laying of building blocks with protruding liners;

figure 3 - shows a General view of the laying of building blocks of figure 2;

figure 4 is an example of a masonry with fillable liners;

5 is an example of a masonry with inserts in the form of a set of plates.

According to this utility model, the construction of a building block or large-format ceramic or other brick 1 for spoon masonry is considered, which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon 2, butt 3 and bed 4 faces. In such a block, vertical holes 5 are made (at least one through hole), and at least one recess 6 is formed on each of the bonded faces perpendicular to the bed faces to form at least one additional block when spoon laying together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent block vertical holes. Moreover, this recess 6 on the bonded faces is made through and open. In the examples presented in figures 1-3, a building block is shown having three rows of through holes in the body, two of which, stretched along the spoon faces, have two through holes, and a row with one through hole is located between them. The recesses on the bonded faces are located opposite the hole in the middle row. This example is used to demonstrate spoon masonry according to this utility model. Building blocks can have different designs in terms of hole shapes and their number, but in the general case, in a building block, vertically directed holes in a block are arranged in rows, some of which are located opposite the recesses.

A feature of the block under consideration is that it is equipped with inserts 7, repeating the shape of the through hole in the body of a rectangular parallelepiped and made with a height equal to the height of this through hole. Such inserts 7 can be inserted into all through holes in the body of the block or only to a part of them. The same inserts 7 are used for placement in additional through holes (pos. 8), which are formed during spoon laying when the recess on the bonded edge of one building block 1 adjoins the recess of an adjacent stacked building block 1.

Some inserts (which are used for the basic row of masonry) may have a height greater than the height equal to the height of the through hole by an amount equal to the double thickness of the horizontal layer of the binder (masonry) mortar (the seam is approximately equal to the requirements of masonry using a solution of 8-15 mm) .

The liner may be made solid or hollow in the form of a thin-walled shell or in the form of a tubular element. The liner is made of heat-insulating material or insulating material or structural material.

In the process of laying holes in the building blocks, whole (or broken, but communicating) vertical rows can be formed in the form of certain geometric shapes in the form of single heat and sound insulating posts over the entire height of the wall. These holes can be used to fill bulk insulation: expanded clay, vermiculite, crumbled foam glass, polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, etc., or to reinforce masonry with reinforcing elements, to join rigid insulation in vertical ducts of the wall end-to-end, without penetration of masonry mortar / glue .

In the process of laying from the through holes and grooves of the blocks can be formed through vertical channels 9 to the entire height of the wall. These channels can be used for laying communications - electrical wiring, pipes, telephone cables, etc. The purpose of these channels can be taken into account in the design and construction of the building (for example, there is no need for the subsequent operation of “punching” the walls under the hidden wiring of communications in the wall, which is laid during the construction of the wall).

After installing the base row of building blocks, the liners inside the blocks of the first row are pushed up, either squeezed out by a large amount of masonry mortar from below or forcedly by a bricklayer, or because of their initial longer length, when installed in the block of the base row, they initially protrude above the blocks of the base row to a double horizontal height a seam 10 of masonry mortar. For the base row, liners with a height equal to the sum of the height of the through hole and double height of the horizontal seam 10 of the masonry mortar can be used as liners, or liners with a height equal to the height of the through hole that are placed on the pillow (made of mortar, concrete or other material) can be used ) inside the through hole, this pillow should be made equal to the double height of the horizontal seam of the masonry mortar

Placing in at least part of the through holes of all or part of the building blocks of the liners 7, protruding above the blocks of the base row at the double height of the horizontal seam 10 of the masonry mortar, provides guides for the next row of masonry. After evenly laying on top of the blocks of the base row of masonry mortar, liners stick out above the masonry mortar to the height of the horizontal seam 10 between the rows, being guides for installing the blocks of the next row on top. This process is repeated during the laying of each subsequent row.

Each subsequent row of spoon masonry is laid out on a masonry mortar, above which the liners protrude to a height equal to the height of the horizontal seam between the rows, offset relative to the building blocks of the previous row until the through holes of the adjacent rows coincide and with the insertion of the protruding parts of the protruding parts into the holes of the building blocks stacked row blocks to extend the liners of the building blocks of the stacked row from the through holes of these blocks to a double horizontal height seam of masonry mortar.

In this masonry, the liners may not be in all the through holes of each building block, but in part of them, as, for example, shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Two rows of through holes have liners that serve as guides for each next stacked row, and through holes of the third row, for example, on the inner surface of the wall, are left blank by inserts and may still remain unused. Or these voids can be filled with mortar (concrete) to form a concrete pillar (wall support). Or these voids can be used for laying pipes, cables and other utilities and linearly structured communication and power systems.

Nothing excludes the possibility of using inserts 7 in building blocks, which may have a height exceeding the height of the through hole. That is, the liner may be larger in height than the height of the block / ceramic block / brick. In the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, the insert protrudes above the block / brick from one side, from above. The excess height can be any that preserves and ensures the strength characteristics of the liner (insulation material), acceptable sizes from 1 mm to 220 mm (up to one height of a standard block / ceramic block / brick) - which would allow the next block to be strung at a high height. In this case, when laying from above, the liner inside the stacked block moves up to the height of the protrusion in the lower lying block.

Nothing excludes the use of a hollow / thin-walled liner 11 (Fig. 4), the void in which can be filled with any other material with the required properties: heat-insulating 12, other insulating 13, combined sound-heat-insulating, reinforcing masonry from any known building materials (wood, metal , plastic, etc.) or reinforced concrete 14.

Nothing excludes the use of a multilayer liner composed of a set of plates of the appropriate (specified by the construction project) thickness relative to the void hole in the entire height of the liner (Fig. 5) from various heat-insulating 15, sound-heat-insulating, insulating 16 and other special materials 17, structural materials 18 ( such as wood, metal, plastic, etc.) depending on the requirements of the construction project for masonry.

Claims (3)

1. The liner of the building block for spoon masonry, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with at least one through vertical hole in the body from the side of the bed side and with at least one recess on each bonded side perpendicular to the bed side to form when laying together with the corresponding recess adjacent building block of an additional vertical hole, characterized in that it is freely installed in the hole of the building block with possibly Tew movement along the hole a thin-walled tubular member of a thermally insulating material or insulating or structural material formed height of at least the height of the building block. 2. The liner of the building block for spoon masonry, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with at least one through vertical hole in the body from the side of the bed side and with at least one recess on each bonded side perpendicular to the bed side to form when laying together with the corresponding recess adjacent building block of an additional vertical hole, characterized in that it is freely installed in the hole of the building block with possible the ability to move along the hole is a corpulent elongated element made of heat-insulating or insulating, or structural material, made not less than the height of the building block. 3. The liner of the building block for spoon masonry, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with at least one through vertical hole in the body from the side of the bed side and with at least one recess on each bonded side perpendicular to the bed side to form when laying together with the corresponding recess adjacent building block of an additional vertical hole, characterized in that it is freely installed in the hole of the building block with possible the ability to move along the hole is a corpulent elongated element composed of a set of plates of various heat-insulating or sound-heat-insulating or insulating materials or structural materials and made not less than the height of the building block.

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