RU123726U1 - FASTENERS OF WHEELS WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF ATTACHING THE PROTECTIVE CAP (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Fasteners for automobile wheels, which is a bolt, the head of which has a base, including a lower conical or round-tapering part and an upper, preferably cylindrical part, as well as means for connecting with a non-standard key, characterized in that in the upper part the base has a recess, the configuration of which provides fastening on the head with the possibility of rotation of the protective cap. 2. The fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess is made in the form of a closed groove or groove. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess is made in the form of an annular groove. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the recess is U-shaped or V-shaped. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the recess is U-shaped with rounded edges. The fastener according to claim 5, characterized in that the upper edge of the recess has a rounding, the radius of which r is less than the radius of rounding R of the lower edge, at least two times. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the recess is U-shaped with a rounded bottom edge. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that from the recess to the edge of the upper part, the latter has a narrowing. The fastener of claim 8, wherein the constriction surface is a surface of revolution, preferably conical and / or animated. The fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that the tip of the upper part has a ledge located higher after narrowing. The fastener according to claim 10, characterized in that along the inner perimeter of the ledge passes the interface between the upper part of the base of the head and means of connection with it�

Description

Technical solutions relate to the field of transportation, namely, devices that are used to fasten the wheels of vehicles, limiting their unauthorized removal.

From the existing prior art, fasteners for vehicle wheels are known, which is a bolt or nut and includes a cylindrical part equipped with a five-sided symmetrical or asymmetric stud. Some faces of the stud are provided with protrusions (see, for example, CN 2434157 Y. B60B 7/16, 06/13/2001).

A lock for automobile wheels comprising a cylinder head bolt is known from the prior art. The bolt has a conical part. On the cylindrical surface of the bolt head along the perimeter, radially oriented recesses are arranged parallel to the axis of the bolt. Around the cylindrical part of the bolt head is a cylindrical ring. which covers the recesses of the cylindrical head around the perimeter in this way. that the cylindrical head and its recesses are located in the recess. formed by a cylindrical ring and a cylindrical bolt head. The lock contains a removable counterpart, worn on the cylindrical head of the bolt and having a face for a wrench. Each recess of the cylindrical head of the bolt is formed by two inclined faces, between which there is a rectilinear surface connecting the faces. The cylindrical ring is fixed on the head with the possibility of its rotation around the axis of the bolt. The recesses are arranged with different angular steps in relation to each other (see, for example, RU 87661 U1, B60B 7/16, 10.20.2009).

In addition, a lock for automobile wheels is known, which comprises a round-head bolt having a conical part. A wavy groove closed along the perimeter is made in the bolt head at its end, having radially oriented convex-concave sections. The bolt has a threaded portion. A protective ring is fixed on the bolt head by means of fixation with the possibility of rotation around the bolt head. Between adjacent convex-concave sections of the groove are connecting jumpers having different lengths along the perimeter of the groove. The fixation tool is made in the form of an annular ledge or cone, or grooves. The fixation tool is located on the head of the bolt with the possibility of removing the protective ring from the bolt. fixing the protective ring on the bolt head and preventing the protective ring from moving outward from the threaded part of the bolt (see, for example, RU 91316 U1, B60B 7/16, 02/10/2010).

Also known from the prior art is a lock for automobile wheels, which comprises a bolt with a head having cylindrical and conical parts. A protective cylindrical ring is fixed on the head to rotate around it. A closed groove located parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bolt is formed between the ring and the head from its end, having external arcuate surfaces of different lengths located on the head that are convex from the axis of the bolt and located at different intervals between them, and internal arcuate surfaces concave towards the axis of the bolt, connected to the external surfaces so that ribs are formed at the joints of the surfaces. The length of each concave arcuate surface along its perimeter is chosen constant. In another embodiment of this technical solution, the lock comprises a nut with a blind threaded hole. having cylindrical and conical parts. A protective cylindrical ring is fixed on the cylindrical part of the nut to rotate around it. Between the ring and the cylindrical part of the nut, a closed groove is formed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the nut, having external arcuate surfaces of different lengths, arranged on a cylindrical part of the nut, of different lengths, spaced at different intervals between them, and internal arcuate surfaces concave towards the axis of the bolt, connected to external surfaces so that ribs are formed at the joints of the surfaces. The length of each concave arcuate surface around its perimeter is chosen constant (see, for example, RU 106178 U1. B60B 7/16, 10.07.2011).

Also known from the prior art are fasteners for automobile wheels, characterized in that it contains a bolt or nut, the head of which is made in the form of a body of revolution and is divided along the height of the head by a circular closed beveled protrusion, and the bolt head is rotatably covered by a coaxially located protective ring with in its lower part, a groove in which, at least partially, a circular closed beveled protrusion of the bolt head is placed, while in the end part of the bolt head there are means for engaging mounting hardware with a non-standard mounting key. (RU 112097 U1, B60B 7/16, 09/15/2011)

The closest analogue to the technical solution is the fastener for automobile wheels, which contains a nut or bolt, the head of which has a conical or rounded tapering part and at least two parts having the shape of a body of revolution, preferably cylindrical, which are divided by a circular head height a closed groove with beveled walls, and the head from the end is provided with a curved and / or broken closed slot and is chamfered at the edges. (RU 111808 U1, 60B 7/16. Publ. 12/27/2011)

The disadvantages of these technical solutions is the lack of the ability to provide additional protection by fixing the protective cap.

The task to which the claimed group of utility models is directed is to increase the protection of fasteners.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the first embodiment, the fastener for automobile wheels according to the technical solution is a bolt, the head of which has a base, including a lower conical or round-tapering part and an upper one, preferably. cylindrical, part, as well as means for connecting with a non-standard key, and in the upper part of the base there is a recess, the configuration of which provides fastening to the head with the possibility of rotation of the protective cap.

Preferably, the recess is made in the form of a closed groove or groove.

The recess can be made in the form of an annular groove.

Preferably, the cross-section of the recess is U-shaped or V-shaped.

The cross-section of the recess may have a U-shape with rounded edges.

Preferably, the upper edge of the recess has a rounding whose radius r is less than the rounding radius R of the lower edge, at least. twice.

The cross-section of the recess may be U-shaped with a rounded bottom edge.

Preferably, from the recess to the edge of the upper part, the latter has a narrowing.

The narrowing surface is advantageously a surface of revolution, preferably conical and / or animated.

The extremity of the upper part may have a ledge located higher after narrowing.

Along the inner perimeter of the ledge can pass the interface between the upper part of the base of the head with means of connection with a non-standard key, which are made, preferably, in the form of a protrusion.

Preferably, the protrusion is made in the form of a cylinder, in the lateral surface of which are made parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fastener oblong rounded, at least partially uneven recesses.

Means for connecting with a non-standard key can be asymmetrically located protrusions and / or recesses and / or slots and / or holes.

The problem of the second embodiment of the device is solved due to the fact that the fastener for automobile wheels, according to the technical solution, contains a nut with a base including a lower conical or rounded tapering part and an upper one, preferably. cylindrical part, as well as means for connecting with a non-standard key. moreover, in the upper part of the base there is a recess, the configuration of which provides fastening to the head with the possibility of rotation of the protective cap.

Preferably, the recess is made in the form of a closed groove or groove.

The recess can be made in the form of an annular groove.

Preferably, the cross-section of the recess is U-shaped or V-shaped.

The cross-section of the recess may have a U-shape with rounded edges.

Preferably, the upper edge of the recess has a rounding whose radius r is less than the rounding radius R of the lower edge by at least two times.

The cross-section of the recess may be U-shaped with a rounded bottom edge.

Preferably, from the recess to the edge of the upper part, the latter has a narrowing.

The narrowing surface is advantageously a surface of revolution, preferably conical and / or animated.

The extremity of the upper part may have a ledge located higher after narrowing.

Along the inner perimeter of the ledge can pass the interface between the upper part of the base of the head with means of connection with a non-standard key, which are made, preferably, in the form of a protrusion.

Preferably, the protrusion is made in the form of a cylinder, in the lateral surface of which are made parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fastener oblong rounded, at least partially uneven recesses.

Means for connecting with a non-standard key can be asymmetrically located protrusions and / or recesses and / or slots and / or holes.

The technical result provided by the given set of features in both variants of the inventive device is to increase the security of the fasteners from unauthorized removal by additional protection of means for detachable connection with a non-standard key with a cap fixed to the fastener with rotation.

The technical solution is illustrated by the following graphic materials and examples of implementation, not covering and, moreover, not limiting the entire scope of the claims of this technical solution:

Figure 1 shows a bolt according to the first embodiment, a side view;

Figure 2 shows the end view of the bolt, view A in figure 1;

Figure 3 shows a protective cap

Figure 4 shows the end view of the cap. View B in figure 3

Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section of the cap, section bb in figure 4

Figure 6 shows the node And in figure 1

7-9 depict possible implementation of the deepening and narrowing of the upper part of the base.

Figure 10 shows a nut in the second embodiment, a side view

Figure 11 shows a longitudinal section of a nut, DD in figure 10

On Fig shows a longitudinal section of a nut with a blind thread (cap nut)

13 is a side view of a nut.

On Fig shows a longitudinal section of a nut with a protective cap

On Fig tool for removing the cap

In Fig.16 tool for removing the cap end view, view G in Fig.15

On Fig.17-18 illustrates the process of removing the protective cap

In the first embodiment, the fastener for automobile wheels is a bolt 1 (figure 1), the head 2 of which has a base. including a lower conical or rounded tapering part 3 and an upper, preferably cylindrical, part 4, as well as means for detachable connection with a wrench.

In the upper part 4 of the base there is a recess 5, the configuration of which provides fastening to the head with the possibility of rotation of the protective cap 6.

The recess 5 can be made in the form of a closed groove or an annular groove, while the cross-section of the recess is U-shaped or V-shaped.

The edges 7 of the recess may not be rounded (Fig.6), or both edges have rounding 8 (Fig.7)

From the recess 5 to the edge of the upper part 4, the latter has a narrowing 9. That is, the upper edge of the upper part 4 of the base of the head is made with a bevel, to the bottom 10 of which the recess 5 is adjacent.

Preferably, the cross-section of the recess is U-shaped only with a rounded bottom edge (Fig. 8). In this case, the rounding of the lower edge forms a recess 11, which allows the device for removing the cap to go beyond the edge of the cap and ensure its further unhindered removal. In this case, the upper non-rounded edge together with the narrowing (bevel) forms a harpoon-like profile 12, which allows the cap to snap into the recess 5 and at the same time fixes the edge of the cap, preventing it from being removed without using the cap removal tool, for example, while the car is moving or trying to unauthorized removal by hand or pliers.

To avoid jamming when removing the cap, the upper edge of the recess may have a slight rounding, the radius of which r is less than the radius of rounding R of the lower edge, at least two times.

The narrowing surface 13 is a surface of revolution. preferably, the conical surface (Fig.6, 8) and / or the surface of the animated shape (Fig.7).

The extremity of the upper part has a ledge 14 located above after narrowing 7.

On the inner perimeter 15 of the ledge passes the interface of the upper part of the base of the head from the means of connection with the key, which is made. preferably in the form of a protrusion 16.

The wrench connection configuration provides a non-standard wrench connection. For this, the protrusion is made in the form of a cylinder, in the lateral surface 17 of which are made elongated parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fastener, rounded, at least partially uneven recesses 18.

The means for connecting to the wrench are preferably asymmetrically located protrusions and / or recesses and / or slots and / or holes.

In the second embodiment, the fastener for automobile wheels contains a nut 19, the device of which is similar to the bolt head described above (the bolt itself is absent). The nut has a threaded channel inside. Moreover, the channel can be either through (Fig. 11) or closed (cap nut, Fig. 12).

Both devices work the same way, except that the bolt is screwed into the threaded hole in the hub of the car, and the nut is screwed onto a stud fixed in the hub of the car.

The cap is preferably made in the form of a body of revolution and has a wall 19, mainly cylindrical, and a cover 20.

The cap is made of a material having the ability to reverse deformations - metal or durable plastic, or from plastic with a metal or metallized coating. To enhance the strength, plastic can be composite.

On the inner surface 21 of the cap wall 19 there is a small protrusion 22. It is preferably in the form of a round-shaped ring designed to be placed in the recess 5 in the upper part 4 of the base and to fix the cap on the base of the bolt or nut.

The protrusion 22 on the inner surface 21 of the cap is preferably located along or in the immediate vicinity of the lower edge 23 of the wall 19 of the cap 6.

So that the process of removing and putting on the cap is not time-consuming, the lower part of the cap wall may have a thinning 24 or a narrowing.

The cap is put on the base of the head, applying a force directed along the longitudinal axis of the head.

The protrusion 22 of the wall 19 of the cap falls on the narrowing 9 of the upper part 3 of the base, under the action of the applied load, the wall 19 begins to deform, its diameter increases, after which the protrusion slides into the recess 5 and is fixed in it under the action of elastic forces in the wall of the cap, which tend to return the diameter of the wall to the original size that it had before the load was applied. After installation, the caps can rotate freely inside the recess.

To remove the cap, use a special tool (Fig.13-16). The tool is a metal bracket made by bending from a metal rectangular strip.

The bracket has two straight branches 24 connected to each other by a curved section 25. The free end of each of the rectilinear sections has a limb 26 directed inside the bracket and located at an acute angle α to the rectilinear section. Preferably, at an angle of about 70 ° or less. Each of the bends has a curved cutout whose radius is not less than the radius of the smallest section of the recess.

To remove the cap from the head of the bolt or nut, the tool is inserted by the cap into the area of the conical or round-tapering part 3 and pulled up until the bends 26 of the branches 24 of the bracket are pressed against the edges of the cap (Fig. 15). Next, you should press on the branches 24, forcing the protrusion of the cap from the recess with bends and at the same time pull the cap up (relative to the axis of the car wheel to the side) after which the cap will be removed (Fig. 16).

To prevent slipping of the user's fingers, part of the bracket, namely the curved section and part of each branch (up to about half the length of the branch) have a coating 27 or insulation, preferably from a polymeric material, for example, from a heat shrink tube.

The devices in the preferred embodiment are made of high-strength alloy steel and subjected to through heat treatment with a final hardness of its material of 50-54 units on the Rockwell scale. Devices can be made of forged aluminum or aluminum alloy. For example, it can be made of anodized aluminum of the highest quality, grade 7075, by cold forging using a press that preferably produces a force of 250,000 tons.

To increase corrosion resistance, nickel and / or chromium and / or zinc and / or tin are coated on the surface of the devices. It is advisable to perform a three-layer coating.

For better centering of the wheel on the hub of the technical means, the conical part of the devices has a narrowing angle of 60 °, and in the case of this part being rounded-tapering with a radius of curvature of 12 or 14 mm.

The threaded part of the nut 9 is made with an outer diameter of 12 or 14 mm and a thread pitch of 1.25 or 1.5 mm.

Fasteners for car wheels are used as follows:

The wheels can be attached to the car hub with a device made according to any variant of the device: bolts or nuts (in the latter case, the studs on which the nuts are screwed are rigidly fixed in the hub).

The wheel is put on the hub, fixed in a predetermined position and a fastening bolt is screwed into the hub through the hole in the hub or a nut is screwed onto the pin removed through the specified hole. Tighten the fasteners with a special tool designed for this mount.

Bolts or wheel nuts are usually tightened with a torque of about 10-11 kgf / m, unless otherwise specified in the "Vehicle Operation Manual" (the tightening force should correspond to the value recommended by the factory). In this case, the bolts (nuts) should be lightly greased with any grease. It is recommended to lubricate the threads of nuts (studs) and wheel bolts with a thin layer of grease or graphite.

It is necessary to monitor the tightening of the bolts (nuts) of the wheel mounting, since the hardness of the material of the alloy wheels is lower than steel, therefore, the microroughness of the disk in the areas of contact with the heads of steel bolts (nuts) or hubs when the wheels are installed are crushed and the connection loosens. When the bolts are tightened, the wheel disk is deformed, the hole profile is violated, and the wheel ceases to be held on the hub with the necessary effort. Excessive force can also crush the slots of the bolt head and even break the head. And when you tighten the nut, the stud can turn in the hole in the hub, and then the nut cannot be turned off at all without a special tool or car service. Deterioration of the seat cone in the hole of the disc can lead to breakage of the stud when tightening on those vehicles where cap (blind) nuts are used.

In order to avoid damage to expensive wheels, it is advisable to tighten the fasteners some time after their installation on the car. It is better to replace bolts and nuts with crumpled edges and damaged threads in a timely manner with new (necessarily similar) ones, standard ones not only in terms of thread size, but also in strength, i.e. not artisanal, but factory-made.

The clamping parts of the bolts and nuts must necessarily coincide with the profile of the holes in the wheel disc, as they ensure the correct alignment of the wheel on the hub. This is especially important when fastening the wheel with nuts.

Therefore, the base of the bolt or nut has a conical or rounded tapering part 3 and an upper, preferably cylindrical, part 4.

To protect the wheels from theft, "secret fasteners" are used - bolts or nuts made from the end with a unique curved and / or broken closed slot. They replace one or two bolts (nuts) of fastening of each wheel and apply less force when tightening than to the main fastener. "Secret fasteners" is intended for mounting / removal only special. an individual key (included) and should be located only with the owner of the car. The fastener of wheels of domestic and many brands of foreign European cars has a metric thread: M10 × 1.25; M12 x 1.25; M12 × 1.5; M14 × 1.5. In European cars (intended for export to the USA. England and the countries that were its colonies), wheel fasteners are made with inch thread. All bolts, both standard and metric, are classified by diameter, thread pitch and length. At the same time, American cars use fasteners with both inch (7/16 ”. 1/2”, 9/16 ”, 1/2”) and metric threads. The most common fasteners are 1/2 ”thread. For example, a standard 1/2 × 13 × 1 bolt is half an inch in diameter, 13 threads per inch and 1 inch long. The metric bolt M12 × 1.75 × 25 has a diameter of 12 mm, a thread pitch of 1.75 mm and a length of 25 mm.

Another matching parameter that relates mainly to bolts is their length.

To install stamped (steel) discs, short bolts are used, for cast / forged (alloy) discs, as a rule, long ones.

A bolt correctly selected along the length goes to the full thickness of the hub and protrudes 3-4 mm beyond its limits (there should be 6-8 full turns).

A larger protrusion threatens to touch the bolts on the parts of the stationary brake mechanism, or even complete jamming.

Small bolt entry into the hub, due to its insufficient length. makes the wheel mount unreliable and will lead to damage to the threads in the holes and on the bolts themselves. After such an installation, the wheels may not last long.

The use of the claimed technical solution, made according to any of its options, provides an increase in the performance of the fasteners by improving the usability when the design achieves material savings and ensures high reliability and durability.

Claims (26)

1. Fasteners for automobile wheels, which is a bolt, the head of which has a base, including a lower conical or round-tapering part and an upper, preferably cylindrical part, as well as means for connecting with a non-standard key, characterized in that in the upper part the base has a recess, the configuration of which provides fastening to the head with the possibility of rotation of the protective cap. 2. Fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess is made in the form of a closed groove or groove. 3. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess is made in the form of an annular groove. 4. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the recess is U-shaped or V-shaped. 5. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the recess is U-shaped with rounded edges. 6. The fastener according to claim 5, characterized in that the upper edge of the recess has a rounding, the radius of which r is less than the radius of rounding R of the lower edge, at least two times. 7. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the recess is U-shaped with a rounded bottom edge. 8. The fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that from the recess to the edge of the upper part, the latter has a narrowing. 9. The fastener of claim 8, wherein the constriction surface is a surface of revolution, preferably conical and / or animated. 10. Fasteners according to claim 8, characterized in that the tip of the upper part has a ledge located higher after narrowing. 11. The fastener according to claim 10, characterized in that along the inner perimeter of the ledge passes the interface between the upper part of the base of the head and means of connection with a non-standard key, which are preferably made in the form of a protrusion. 12. The fastener according to claim 11, characterized in that the protrusion is made in the form of a cylinder, in the lateral surface of which are made elongated parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fastener, rounded, at least partially uneven recesses. 13. The fastener according to claim 11, characterized in that the means for connecting to a non-standard key are preferably asymmetrically located protrusions and / or recesses and / or slots and / or holes. 14. The fastener for automobile wheels comprises a nut with a base, including a lower conical or round-tapering part and an upper preferably cylindrical part, as well as means for connecting with a non-standard key, characterized in that a recess is made in the upper part of the base, the configuration of which ensures fixing on the head with the possibility of rotation of the protective cap. 15. The fastener according to 14, characterized in that the recess is made in the form of a closed groove or groove. 16. The fastener according to 14, characterized in that the recess is made in the form of an annular groove. 17. The fastener according to 14, characterized in that the cross section of the recess is U-shaped or V-shaped. 18. The fastener according to 14, characterized in that the cross-section of the recess is U-shaped with rounded edges. 19. The fastener according to claim 18, characterized in that the upper edge of the recess has a rounding, the radius of which r is less than the radius of rounding R of the lower edge, at least two times. 20. The fastener according to 14, characterized in that the cross section of the recess is U-shaped with a rounded bottom edge. 21. The fastener according to 14, characterized in that from the recess to the edge of the upper part of the latter has a narrowing. 22. The fastener according to item 21, wherein the narrowing surface is a surface of revolution, preferably conical and / or animated. 23. The fastener according to item 21, wherein the tip of the upper part has a ledge located above after narrowing. 24. The fastener according to claim 23, characterized in that the interface between the upper part of the base of the head and the means of connection with a non-standard key, which are preferably made in the form of a protrusion, runs along the inner perimeter of the ledge. 25. The fastener according to paragraph 24, wherein the protrusion is made in the form of a cylinder, in the lateral surface of which are made elongated parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fastener, rounded, at least partially uneven recesses. 26. The fasteners according to paragraph 24, wherein the means for connecting with a non-standard key, preferably, are asymmetrically located protrusions, and / or recesses, and / or slots, and / or holes.

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