RU122586U1 - DEVICE FOR INTEGRATED MECHANICAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for complex mechanical wastewater treatment, consisting of a frame with a filter device, and also contains a drive and working rakes with teeth fixed on two endless chains mounted on a pair of drive gears and rollers, characterized in that the frame contains a lower and the upper crossbar, and the filtering device contains a coarse cloth, consisting of plates with a gap size of 30-150 mm, and a fine cleaning cloth installed behind it in the direction of the water flow, consisting of plates with a gap size of 2-30 mm. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine filter cloth is located behind the coarse filter cloth at a distance sufficient for the rake to pass between them. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part of the fastening of the plates can be carried out either by means of a pin, or completely absent. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter cloth plates have a bend in the upper part. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine cleaning web consists of a working part in the form of a set of plates and a transport part, which is a metal sheet with a bend in the upper part towards the waste disposal side. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the grating body has reinforcements in the form of an upper support, a lower support and metal beams located behind the filter cloths. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working rakes have large and small teeth located on both sides, intended for simultaneous cleaning of coarse and fine filter cloths. Y�

Description

The utility model relates to the field of wastewater treatment, in particular to devices for trapping and removing garbage and waste from wastewater.

A device for mechanical wastewater treatment with a filter cloth, rake with teeth, mounted on two endless chains mounted on pairs of working, drive and idler gears, and a drive (RF patent No. 2224851 from 02.27.2004 from the book E03F 5/14 )

The disadvantages of the device are:

- the impossibility of extracting large coarse-dispersed garbage from the water, including plastic containers and bottles, which eventually form “floating islands” in front of the grate, which can only be removed from the water by hand, which increases operating costs and increases the complexity of servicing the device.

- if it is necessary to carry out complex step-by-step purification of water from debris, it is necessary to have at least two gratings with different sizes of gaps in the channel, which is often impossible to do in working shops where this is not provided for by the project.

- The fragility of the rake in the case of the manufacture of the filter cloth of the lattice with a small amount of clearance (from 5 mm).

- accumulation of a large amount of sand at the bottom of the channel in front of the lower arc section of the filter cloth, as well as immediately after the grate.

- the impossibility of installing these gratings with limited space in the longitudinal direction of the channel due to the need for their location at an angle of 45-60 °.

- part of the flow passes about the edges of the grate, bypassing the filter cloth due to leaking gratings at the edges when installed in the channel.

A device for mechanical wastewater treatment is known, which contains a frame with a filter cloth, rake with teeth mounted on two endless chains mounted on pairs of drive and working gears. The filter cloth is made in the form of a set of flexible thin strips. The tops of the rake teeth are located in the plane of their movement, and the working surface of the filter cloth is set at an angle to it. (RF patent No. 2293065 published 02.10.2007).

The disadvantages of the device are:

- the impossibility of extracting large coarse-dispersed garbage from the water, including plastic containers and bottles, which eventually form “floating islands” in front of the grate, which can only be removed from the water by hand, which increases operating costs and increases the complexity of servicing the device.

- if it is necessary to carry out complex step-by-step purification of water from debris, it is necessary to have at least two gratings with different sizes of gaps in the channel, which is often impossible to do in working shops where this is not provided for by the project.

- the device does not have a mechanism for dropping garbage and cleaning rakes,

- design features of the filter cloth and the nature of the movement of the rake exclude the possibility of manufacturing long gratings required for deep channels, more than 5 meters.

- the impossibility of installing these gratings with limited space in the longitudinal direction of the channel due to the need for their location at an angle of 45-60 °.

- a part of the stream of water with garbage passes along the edges of the grate due to the existing gap between the sides of the grate and the walls of the channel, negatively affecting the efficiency of work.

The technical result, to which the utility model is directed, is to increase the reliability of the device for mechanical wastewater treatment by: providing the device with the ability to extract large debris from the water forming “floating islands” in front of the device; the possibility of integrated water treatment; providing the possibility of the lattice with a small amount of clearance (from 5 mm); providing the possibility of manufacturing gratings for deep channels and installation in conditions of limited space in the longitudinal direction of the channel; exclusion of bottom sand in front of the grate.

The technical result is achieved in a device for complex mechanical wastewater treatment, which consists of a grill casing consisting of two side walls connected by cross members in its upper and lower parts, with two coarse and fine filter cloths installed inside, arranged in series, in the form of a set of thin plates, drive and rake with teeth mounted on two endless chains mounted on a pair of drive gears and rollers. Moreover, each filter cloth consists of a set of plates having a bend in the upper part toward the discharge of waste. The plates have a thickness of 2 to 5 mm and a width of 40 to 150 mm. The plates, due to their shape, have minimal hydraulic resistance and are not subject to entanglement by fibrous inclusions.

The coarse filter cloth, which is the first in the direction of the flow of water, has a clearance of 30 to 150 mm and is designed to hold large coarse debris. The coarse filter cloth is the first step in cleaning water from debris and protects the fine cloth from possible clogging with large debris (plastic bags, large scraps of fabric), especially with volley discharges. The plates of the filter cloth are fixed in the lower part using the lower cross member, which serves as an additional support of the grate to the bottom of the channel. The lower cross member has an inlet section and an exit section, eliminating the accumulation of sand in the channel in front of the grating, as well as immediately after it. The entry section and the exit section are hinged, allowing them to occupy the desired position depending on the angle of installation of the grill. In the upper part, the plates can be mounted either with the help of a hairpin or completely absent to allow them to oscillate for better cleaning, depending on the operating conditions of the grill. In the upper part of the plate of the filter cloth are bent towards the discharge of waste. The plates in the lower part have a radial bend in the direction of the oncoming flow, which ensures constant engagement of the lid and plates of the filter cloth. The cover is designed to cover the gap between the lower cross member and the lower part of the fine filter cloth. The lid is fixed in the lower part of the grill housing and has an axial connection, allowing its rotation. The cover is a metal sheet with slots for engagement with the plates of the filter cloth of rough cleaning. Constant engagement eliminates the possibility of the lid popping out of engagement.

The fine filter cloth is located behind the coarse filter cloth in the direction of the flow of water at a distance sufficient for the rake to pass between them. The lower part of the fine filter cloth is located at a distance from the lower cross member, sufficient for the passage of the rake. The working rake, moving together with the transport chain, tilts the lid and engages with a coarse filter cloth, after which the lid slams under the influence of a stream of water. The fine filter cloth has a gap of 2 to 30 mm and is designed to remove fine debris from the water.

There are 2 options for performing a fine filter cloth:

Option 1: The filter cloth plates are fixed in the lower part using the lower cross member. In the upper part, the plates can be mounted either with the help of a hairpin or completely absent to allow them to oscillate for better cleaning, depending on the operating conditions of the grill. In their upper part, the plates of the filter cloth have a bend towards the discharge of waste.

This option for fastening the strips is possible only in the case of a short lattice length (less than 5 meters), or with a gap of more than 10 mm. With a longer lattice length and a smaller amount of clearance, the lattice web will be too non-rigid.

Option 2: The fine-cleaning canvas consists of the working and transport parts. The transport part of the filter cloth is a metal sheet having a bend in the upper part towards the discharge of waste. The working part of the filter cloth consists of a frame, inside which is a set of strips. The length of the filter cloth frame is determined by the water level in the channel and does not exceed 5 meters. The stripes of the canvas are rigidly fixed inside the frame due to the set of supporting ridges with grooves, as well as two studs located in the upper and lower parts of the canvas. The pin located in the upper part of the filter cloth has a tension mechanism consisting of a series of brackets fixed with nuts on the frame of the filter cloth. The tensioning mechanism allows for additional tensioning of the filter strip due to tightening the nuts. Rigid fixation of the strips and the tension mechanism exclude the unevenness of the gap between the strips under shock loads and the possibility of their jumping out of the grooves.

The presence of two filter sheets of coarse and fine cleaning allows for a comprehensive two-stage cleaning of the water flow. In addition, the presence of two canvases inside one lattice casing provides greater compactness, allowing you to place the equipment in confined spaces.

The presence of two filter sheets with a bend in the upper part makes it possible to spread the places of discharge of large debris detained by the rough filter cloth and small debris detained by the fine filter cloth over a considerable distance. The separation of the places of discharge of large and small debris allows sorting of waste into large and small ones when dumping waste into 2 conveyor belts, or into 2 containers.

The presence of a bend in both filter sheets in the direction of waste discharge in the upper part allows eliminating the ejector from the grate design, significantly simplifying its design. Dumping of garbage is carried out under the action of gravity in a special container or on a conveyor belt located on the discharge line.

The design of both filter sheets lacks transverse bridges that fix the distance between the plates and give the required structural rigidity. Compliance with the required gap and stiffness of the filter cloth is achieved due to working tines, the number of which varies depending on the length of the grate. If it is necessary to give additional rigidity to the filter cloth, fixing rakes are used. They have shorter teeth compared to working tines and are designed to fix the distance between the plates of the filter cloth. The fixing rake can have 2 options:

Option 1: locking tines have teeth located on one side.

Option 2: fixing rakes have teeth located on both sides to simultaneously fix both filter sheets.

To give additional rigidity to the casing of the grate, after the working part of the filter cloth, made according to the second embodiment, metal beams are installed with steps of one meter. The presence of reinforcements of the sidewalls and beams makes it possible to produce lattices of large length, up to 20 meters, if necessary, their use for deep channels.

Removing garbage from the water is carried out using a working rake. The working tine, moving together with the transport chain, moves between the filter sheets of coarse and fine cleaning. The working rake has large and small teeth located on both sides, designed to simultaneously clean coarse and fine filter sheets. Large teeth of the working rake collect garbage held up by the coarse filter cloth, and small teeth by the fine filter cloth.

In the case of a small gap in the fine filter cloth (from 2 to 5 mm), the small teeth of the working and fixing rakes are made in the form of metal strips with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm and a width of at least 10 mm welded to a metal base, which provides the necessary rigidity tines of a rake.

The location of the working rake between the filter cloths makes it possible to engage with the coarse filter cloth from the inside of its surface, which ensures better cleaning of the filter cloth, and also eliminates the possibility of jamming. The entrance of the rake into the meshing on the inside of the coarse filter cloth makes it possible to change the length of the large rake teeth in a wide range - 100 ... 400 mm depending on technological needs, which allows you to extract large objects from the water. In the case of performing a fine filter cloth according to the second embodiment, the small teeth of the working rake first move between the plates of the fine filter cloth, and then, together with the retained debris, slide along the surface of the metal sheet up to the arc discharge area.

For additional cleaning of the rake from the delayed debris in the discharge area, a device is provided that flushes the rake with a stream of water under pressure. The device is a tube with nozzles located inside the grill housing in the discharge area.

The design of the sidewalls and the reinforcements of the grate, as well as the possibility of changing the length of the working rakes within wide limits, make it possible to install the grating in the channel in a wide range of operating positions from 45 ° to 90 °. When the lattice is positioned vertically, the lattice occupies the smallest possible distance in the longitudinal direction of the channel, allowing it to be placed in very limited spaces.

To avoid sagging of the chain due to its elongation during operation and to reduce noise during the operation of the grill, guides of the transport chain of caprolon are used along the entire length of the sidewall. At the bottom of the grill, the driven wheels are a skating rink, which makes it possible to level out the unevenness of the elongation of the transport chain and, as a result, the rake is distorted, leading to serious damage. The presence of chain guides along the entire length of the grill also allows reverse movement of the chain if necessary.

For the tension of the transport chain in the design of the lattice, a tensioning device is provided that allows manual control of the chain tension and eliminates the possibility of jamming of the rake.

Rubber seals are attached to the sides of the grate, eliminating the possibility of passing water with debris along the edges of the grate. When installed in the channel, the rubber seal takes the form of a gap between the walls of the channel and the casing of the lattice, occupying the entire volume of the cavity. On the walls of the channel are lodges, which are a protrusion on the walls of the channel, made of reinforced concrete or metal. The lodges are designed to exclude the possibility of forcing a rubber seal with a stream of water. The rubber seal also increases the efficiency of the flow guides by eliminating the passage of water on the sides of the grill.

When installing the grill in the channel, on the sides of the grill or on the channel walls there are special flow guides with a bias towards the filter cloth, which reduce the hydraulic load on the grill housing. In the case of a vertical arrangement, the lattice is fixed in the channel using lodgements and flow guides mounted on the walls of the channel.

The grill provides a comprehensive two-stage cleaning in the presence of one electric drive with a frequency converter, which saves energy.

The above shows that the combination of the claimed features ensures the achievement of the goal, namely: it allows for reliable and efficient operation of the complex treatment of wastewater or sludge from dispersed impurities, to ensure the lattice can work with a small amount of openings, to provide the possibility of manufacturing lattices for deep channels and installations in workshops in conditions of limited space in the longitudinal direction of the channel, to exclude bottom deposits of sand in front of the grating and increase the reliability of the device.

Figure 1 shows a side view of a device installed in the channel.

Figure 2 is a front view of the device

Figure 3 is a section aa in figure 2.

Figure 4 - filter cloth rough cleaning in isometry.

Figure 5 - filter cloth coarse and fine cleaning in version 1 in isometry.

Figure 6 - filter cloth coarse and fine cleaning in version 2 in isometry.

In Fig.7 - isometric cover.

On Fig - the working part of the filter cloth fine cleaning in version 2 in isometry.

In Fig.9 is a section bB in Fig.8.

Figure 10 is a section bb in Fig. 8.

In Fig.11 - section GG in Fig.9.

On Fig - section DD in Fig.9

On Fig-working rake in isometry.

On Fig - fixing grablin in two variants of execution in isometry.

On Fig - working tine in the performance for a small value of the clearance of the filter cloth.

In Fig.16 - tension device.

On Fig is a top view of the grating in the channel.

A device for complex mechanical wastewater treatment contains a grill housing 1, consisting of two sidewalls 2 with reinforcements in the form of upper 3 and lower supports 4, as well as upper and lower crossbars 5, filter sheets 6, drive 7 and a set of workers 8 rakes. The upper and lower cross members 5 are used to provide additional rigidity to the grill housing.

The drive 7 contains a drive shaft 9, two drive gears 10, two rollers 11 and endless chains 12. The wheels 10 are mounted on the drive shaft 9, and the rollers 11 are mounted on the rollers 13. The endless chains 12 are mounted on pairs of drive gears 10 and rollers 11 . To prevent sagging of the chain due to its elongation during operation and to reduce noise during operation of the lattice guides of the transport chain 14 are used.

Coarse filter cloth 15 has a clearance of 30 ... 150 mm and is designed to detain large coarse debris. The plates 16 of the filter cloth 15 are fixed in the lower part using the lower cross member 17, which serves as an additional support of the grating to the bottom of the channel. The lower cross member has an entry section 18 and an exit section 19, which exclude the accumulation of sand in the channel in front of the grate, as well as immediately after it. In the upper part, the plates can be mounted either with the help of a hairpin 20 or completely absent to allow them to oscillate for better cleaning, depending on the operating conditions of the grill. In the upper part of the plate 16 of the filter cloth 15 have a bend 21 towards the discharge of waste.

The fine filter cloth 22 is located behind the coarse filter cloth 15 in the direction of the flow of water at a distance sufficient for the passage of a rake between them. The lower part of the fine filter cloth 22 is located at a distance of 23 from the lower cross member 17, sufficient to pass the rake 8. The fine filter cloth 22 has a clearance of 2 ... 30 mm and is designed to remove fine debris from the water. To cover the gap 23 between the lower cross member 17 and the lower part of the filter cloth 22, a cover 25 is used. The cover 25 is fixed in the lower part of the grill housing and has an axial connection that allows its rotation. The lid 25 is a metal sheet with slots 26 for engagement with the plates 16 of the coarse filter cloth 15. The working rake 8, moving together with the transport chain, flips the lid 25 and engages with the plates 16 of the coarse filter 22, after which the lid 25 closes under the influence of a stream of water. The plates 16 of the coarse filter cloth 22 in the lower part have a radius portion 27 that provides constant engagement of the lid 25 and the plates 16 of the filter cloth 22. Permanent engagement eliminates the possibility of the lid 25 popping out of engagement.

There are 2 options for the execution of fine filter cloth 22:

Option 1: Plates 24 of the filter web 22 are fixed at the bottom. In the upper part, the plates can be mounted either with the help of a hairpin 20 or completely absent to allow them to oscillate for better cleaning, depending on the operating conditions of the grill. In their upper part, the plates of the filter cloth have a bend 21 towards the discharge of waste.

Option 2: Fine cloth 22 consists of a working 28 and transport 29 parts. The transport part 29 of the filter web 22 is a metal sheet 30 having a bend 31 in the upper part towards the discharge of waste. The working part 28 of the filter cloth 22 consists of a frame 32, inside which there is a set of plates 24. The length of the longitudinal side of the frame 32 of the filter cloth is determined by the water level in the channel and does not exceed 5 meters. The plate 24 of the canvas is rigidly fixed inside the frame 32 due to the set of support ridges with grooves 33, as well as two studs 34, 35 located in the upper and lower parts of the canvas. The hairpin located in the upper part 34 of the filter cloth has a tension mechanism 36, consisting of a series of brackets 37 fixed with nuts 38 on the frame of the filter cloth. The tension mechanism 36 allows for additional tensioning of the filter cloth bands by tightening the nuts 38. Rigid fixation of the plates 24 and the tension mechanism 36 eliminate the unevenness of the gap between the bands during impact loads and the possibility of them popping out of the grooves.

In the design of both filter sheets 15, 22 there are no transverse bridges that fix the distance between the plates and give the required structural rigidity. Compliance with the required gap and stiffness of the filter cloth is achieved by working rake 8, the number of which varies depending on the length of the grate.

If it is necessary to give additional rigidity to the filter cloth, fixing rake 39 is used, which can have 2 versions:

Option 1: locking rake 39 has teeth 40 located on one side.

Option 2: the fixing rake 39 has teeth 40 located on both sides to simultaneously fix both filter sheets 15, 22.

Garbage is removed from the water with the help of working rake 8. The working rake 8, moving together with the transport chain 12, is mixed between the filter cloths of coarse 15 and fine 22 cleaning. The working tine 8 has large 41 and 42 small teeth located on both sides, designed for simultaneous cleaning of coarse 15 and thin 22 filter sheets. Large teeth 41 of the working rake 8 collect garbage held up by the coarse filter cloth 15, and small teeth 42 by the fine filter cloth 22. In the case of a small gap, the fine filter cloth 22 (from 2 to 5 mm), small teeth 42 of the workers 8 and fixing 39 rakes are made in the form of strips of metal 54 with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm and a width of at least 10 mm welded to a metal base 55, which provides the necessary rigidity to the teeth of the rake.

In the case of performing a fine filter cloth 22 according to the second embodiment, the small teeth 42 of the working rake 8 first move between the plates of the fine filter cloth, and then, together with the retained debris, slide along the surface of the metal sheet 29 up to the arc discharge section 30.

For additional cleaning of the rake 8 from the delayed debris, a device 43 is provided at the discharge site for flushing the rake with a stream of water under pressure. The device 43 is a tube with nozzles 44 located inside the housing of the grate in the discharge section, into which water is supplied under pressure.

To tension the transport chain, a lattice device 45 is provided in the lattice structure, which allows the shaft 9 to be moved to control the tension of the chains 12 if they are extended during operation. The tensioning device 45 consists of a carriage 46, located on the drive shaft 9, a screw 47, nuts 48 and a crosshead 49, mounted on the sidewall 2 of the frame 1. Regulation of the chain tension is carried out by the nuts 48. The carriage 46 is moved along the guides 50 of the sidewalls of the frame. The emphasis in the tension of the chain is the yoke 49, mounted on the sidewall 2 of the frame 1. The nuts 48 fix the carriage 46 relative to the yoke 49 with a screw 47.

Rubber seals 51 are attached to the sides of the grate, eliminating the possibility of passing water with debris along the edges of the grate. When installed in the channel, the rubber seal takes the form of a gap between the walls of the channel and the casing of the lattice, occupying the entire volume of the cavity. On the walls of the channel are lodges 52, which are a protrusion on the walls of the channel, made of reinforced concrete or metal. Lodgements 52 are intended to exclude the possibility of forcing the rubber seal with a stream of water.

When installing the grill in the channel, on the sides of the grill or on the walls of the channel, special flow guides 53 with a slope towards the filter web are located, which reduce the hydraulic load on the grill housing. In the case of a vertical arrangement, the lattice is fixed in the channel with the help of lodgements 52 and flow guides 53 fixed to the channel walls.

The device operates as follows: the drive 7 through the drive shaft 9 with gears 10 sets in motion infinite chains 12 with locking 39 and working 8 rake. Working rake 8, moving, move from the blank area located behind the fine filter cloth to the working area located between two filter cloths. At the working section of the rake 8, 39, moving together with the transport chain, it tilts the lid 25 and engages with the plates 16 of the coarse filter cloth 22, after which the lid 25 slams under the influence of a water stream. In the working area, the teeth 40, 41, 42 enter the spaces between the plates 16, 24 of the filter sheets 15, 22. The teeth 41, 42 clean the spaces between the plates 16, 24, while limiting their oscillation, and remove debris from the working surface on the skid (not shown in the figures) and then transported to the discharge zone (not shown in the figures). The teeth 40 limit the oscillations of the plates 16, 24. In the discharge zone, debris due to the bend 21, 31 in the upper part of the plates falls on the conveyor belt 56. Further, the rake 8, 39 are again moved to the blank area. After that, the lattice cycle is repeated.

Claims (22)

1. A device for complex mechanical treatment of wastewater, consisting of a frame with a filter device, and also contains a drive and working rake with teeth mounted on two endless chains mounted on a pair of drive gears and rollers, characterized in that the frame contains a lower and the upper cross member, and the filter device contains a coarse cloth consisting of plates with a gap of 30-150 mm, and a fine filter installed behind it in the direction of water flow, consisting of plates with the gap size is 2-30 mm. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine filter cloth is located behind the rough filter cloth at a distance sufficient for a rake to pass between them. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part the fastening of the plates can be carried out either using a hairpin, or completely absent. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates of the filter sheets have a bend in the upper part. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine-cleaning cloth consists of a working part in the form of a set of plates and a transport part, which is a metal sheet having a bend in the upper part towards the discharge of waste. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing of the lattice has amplifications in the form of an upper support, a lower support and metal beams located behind the filter sheets. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working rake has large and small teeth located on both sides, designed for simultaneous cleaning of coarse and thin filter sheets. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rake is located on the inner side of the surface of the filter cloth of rough cleaning. 9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the large teeth of the working rake are 100-400 mm in size. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains fixing rake. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the fixing rake has teeth on one side. 12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the fixing rake has teeth on both sides. 13. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that in the area of the bend in the upper part of the plates of the filter sheets contains a device that flushes the rake with a stream of water under pressure. 14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains tensioning devices for tensioning the transport chains. 15. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower cross member is made with a lead-in section and an exit section. 16. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains flow guides attached to the grill housing. 17. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains flow guides attached to the walls of the channel. 18. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in a vertical arrangement it is fixed in the channel using lodgements and flow guides mounted on the walls of the channel. 19. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the fine filter cloth is located at a distance from the lower cross member, sufficient for the passage of the rake. 20. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the lower cross member and the lower part of the filter cloth is installed a cover having an axial connection with the possibility of rotation. 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the lid has slots for engaging the coarse filter cloth with plates. 22. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates of the filter cloth of rough cleaning in the lower part have a radius section.