RU120893U1 - COMPLEX FOR PROCESSING RADIOELECTRONIC CROWBAR - Google Patents

Abstract

A complex for the processing of electronic scrap containing at least two shredders connected in series by means of a conveyor belt, the last of which is connected by means of a conveyor belt with a screen, magnetic separators mounted above the conveyor belts, an aspiration system and a separating device for separating the processed scrap into metal and non-metallic fractions in the form of a pneumatic multi-product cascade-gravity classifier, characterized in that the hammer crusher, which produces the primary crushing of the recyclable scrap, is mounted on a frame made with hidden cavities in which the cargo ballast is located, installed by means of shock absorbers in the form of compression springs on the portal , under which there is a belt conveyor with a suspended magnetic separator, technologically connecting the hammer crushers of the complex to each other, which is equipped with L-shaped brackets on which the horizon Shock absorbers in the form of compression springs are installed, through which rods with washers and nuts are passed, articulated with the frame in the plane of rotation of the crusher rotor, and the receiving part of the crusher hopper is installed outside the plane of rotation of the crusher rotor and is made in the form of an inclined closed chamber with hinged gates, mounted on the vertical walls of the chamber at the entrance and exit from it.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for crushing various materials with the subsequent separation and sorting of crushed materials by size and specific gravity.

The utility model can be used in the mining and processing, construction, chemical industries for crushing solid materials and their separation according to specific gravity and size (geometric dimensions).

Scrap and waste products from the electronic and electrical industries are a rich source of non-ferrous and precious materials. The metal content in such raw materials is not lower than their content in ores.

The special value of electronic and electrical scrap is that it is not only rich in the content of precious materials, but also a constantly renewable source of secondary raw materials. According to its physical and chemical properties, multicomponent electronic scrap cannot be sent to metallurgical melting without mechanical cutting in order to separate out individual (or groups) of components. [one]

Technological processes of modern processing of electronic scrap, as a rule, include manual differentiated cutting, mechanical grinding (crushing), enrichment of the obtained concentrates and subsequent types of processing.

Differentiated manual cutting involves disassembling blocks, product assemblies with the maximum use of a tool to extract mounted mounting and obtain various concentrates.

The productivity of such work is up to 150–200 kg / (person shift), which is the main limiting factor in productivity.

Only after manual cutting, certain types of scrap concentrates are crushed in knife or hammer crushers (mills), while the textolite (fiberglass) substrate containing non-ferrous metals with the remains of precious materials is sent for firing in a kiln with an afterburning and gas treatment system. [one]

Known methods for processing electronic scrap and cable scrap, including crushing, grinding, classification by size and electrostatic separation. [2, 3]

A known method of processing incandescent lamp waste, including crushing the source material sequentially in a jaw and roller crusher, then in a cone-inertial crusher, followed by magnetic separation and grinding to 3 ... 5 mm to highlight brass contacts. [four]

The American PPV installation is known, which can be mistaken for a prototype using hammer crushers with mandatory preliminary mechanical cutting (disassembling) of blocks at two stages of grinding, air separators, magnetic separators, screen, a roll crusher for grinding the oversize product and an electrodynamic separator operating on the principles of vortex currents in a weak field (separation of a steel fraction) and in a strong field (separation of non-ferrous alloys of a crushed fraction). [one]

A known method of grinding materials with a knife grinder to provide the ability to control the shape and size of the cut material particles with a rotating tool with teeth (knives).

The cutting edge of the tool is moved parallel to itself, while forced vibrations are reported about the axis of rotation of the tool in the radial direction with a given amplitude value. [5]

A known method of processing circuit boards from electrical and electronic devices, including knife crushing, its further cryogenic regrinding, air separation, cell classification, heating and drying of the product, subsequent electrostatic and magnetic separation with the release of metal concentrate. [6]

Known low-frequency vibration isolator for looms for vibration isolation in the horizontal direction, in which through the shock absorber in the form of a coil spring, a composite rod is articulated articulated with the plate and the base by means of supporting surfaces. [7]

Known pneumatic multi-product classifier containing a loading device, a separation module equipped with an exhaust pipe with a fine fraction of separation and the main separation model equipped with a discharge cleaning module for separating the middle fraction of separation. Particles of the source material with a size larger than the boundary fineness under the action of gravity fall into the lower part of the loading device and fall separately from the classifier. [8, 9]

The main disadvantages of the above methods and devices for the processing of electronic scrap is the need for mandatory preliminary cutting of the scrap to be processed and to obtain homogeneous scrap particles, geometrically and preferably in shape, to ensure subsequent electrostatic or electrodynamic separation of metals from the scrap, low productivity, high complexity used equipment, a large number of different types of equipment.

Knife shredders can provide uniformity in the geometric dimensions of the crushed particles of radio-electronic scrap. A sufficient homogeneity of grinding can provide shredder plants with multiple grinding, respectively, with a decrease in productivity.

However, the operation of knife and shredder grinders is limited by the durability of the cutting tool (knives, milling cutters), the need for periodic and timely replacement of it. Untimely replacement of the cutting tool affects the quality of grinding, leads to breakdowns and accidents, therefore, to downtime and loss of productivity. Replacing the tool in these units is a long-term operation, and the cost of the cutting tool is high.

The task the utility model is aimed at is to increase productivity, simplify technology while reducing capital and operating costs.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the hammer crusher, which produces primary crushing of electronic scrap in the complex, is mounted on a frame made with hidden cavities in which the cargo ballast is placed.

The frame is installed by means of shock absorbers in the form of compression springs on the portal.

The portal is equipped with L-shaped brackets on which shock absorbers are horizontally installed in the form of compression springs, through which traction with washers and nuts is passed. The rods are articulated with the frame in the plane of rotation of the crusher rotor.

The receiving part of the crusher hopper is installed outside the plane of rotation of the crusher rotor and is made in the form of an inclined closed chamber with hinged shutters mounted on the vertical walls of this chamber at the inlet and outlet of it.

Installing a hammer crusher on a frame vibration-insulated in vertical and horizontal planes with a cargo ballast allows using a hammer crusher with hammer impact energy (bits) sufficient to destroy (crushing) unfinished radio electronic blocks with case elements, boards with hinged mounting, including and steel parts, without preliminary disassembly and cutting.

Installation of such a hammer mill without the proposed technical solution on the portal is not allowed, installation on a heavy foundation is required. [10]

Installation on a heavy foundation does not exclude the transmission of vibrations (vibrations) from the operating crusher in this case through the foundation to an adjacent machine and the building in which this crusher is mounted.

The proposed technical solution allowed the foundationless installation of a hammer crusher as part of a complex for processing electronic scrap on the portal.

The proposed technical solution not only increases the productivity of scrap processing by eliminating the preliminary manual cutting (preparation) of electronic scrap before primary crushing with a hammer mill, but also simplifies the grinding technology.

The proposed technical solution minimizes the cost of manufacturing, replacing wearing parts, it is known that the cost of manufacturing impact hammers (bits) of crushers is significantly lower than the cost of cutting tools for knife and milling grinders. The resistance of the blade tool used in grinders is significantly lower than the resistance of impact hammers of crushers.

Replacing hammers (bits) in crushers is simpler and more convenient than replacing knives or mills in grinders.

Installing the receiving part of the crusher hopper outside the plane of rotation of the crusher rotor and making it in the form of an inclined closed chamber with hinged shutters mounted on the vertical walls of the chamber at the inlet and outlet of it, provides additional protection for operators from fragments of scrap metal and from dust.

Installing a hammer crusher on the portal allows you to place a belt conveyor under the crusher, which technologically connects the hammer crushers to each other, with an overhead magnetic separator, which allows you to seal the placement of the equipment used in the complex, i.e. reduces the occupied floor space.

The second hammer crusher, in which the final crushing of the previously crushed mass of electronic scrap is carried out, is technologically connected to the screen through a conveyor belt with an overhead magnetic separator.

The crash splits the fragmented mass of radio-electronic scrap into two fractions: the over-sieve (large) fraction and the under-sieve (small) fraction. The size of the fraction (geometric dimensions) depends on the resolution installed on the screen of the grating (sieve).

The electrostatic or electrodynamic separation of such fractions is difficult due to the large dispersion of fractions in geometric dimensions and, therefore, in terms of mass indicators.

To solve this technical and technological contradiction for the separation of crushed radio-electronic scrap by size and density, a multi-product pneumatic cascade-gravity classifier was used in the complex for processing electronic scrap.

Separation of each fraction of the fragmented scrap mass (large and small) after screening is carried out separately on a classifier with high productivity, reliability and safety. The cost of the classifier and its maintenance is significantly lower than the cost of electrostatic and electrodynamic separators.

The complex for processing electronic scrap consists of a high-speed impact hammer mill 1 and hammer mill 2, receiving bins 3 and 4, and under-grid spaces 5 and 6, which are respectively connected to the suction nozzles of cyclones 7 and 8 (Fig. 1).

Hammer crusher 1 with kinetic energy of the rotor, providing crushing (grinding) of printed circuit boards with hinged installation, unfinished circuit boards with any connectors, including steel case elements, is mounted on frame 9 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).

The frame 9 is made with cavities in which the cargo ballast is placed, twice the own mass of the hammer crusher 1.

The frame 9 by means of shock absorbers 10 in the form of compression springs is installed on the portal 11 (figure 1).

The portal 11 is equipped with L-shaped brackets 12 on which shock absorbers are installed horizontally (FIG. 2 and FIG. 3) in the form of compression springs 13 through which rods 14 with washers 15 and nuts 16 are passed. The rods 14 are articulated with the frame 9 (FIG. .2 and figure 3).

The receiving part of the hopper 3 of the hammer crusher 1 is installed outside the plane of rotation of the rotor of the crusher 1 (Fig. 1) made in the form of a closed chamber with hinged shutters 17 mounted on the vertical walls of the chamber at the inlet and outlet of it with the formation of a lock cavity (Fig. 4 and FIG. 5).

The hammer mill 1 is technologically connected to the hammer mill 2 by a conveyor belt 18, over which a suspended magnetic separator 19 is mounted (FIG. 1 and FIG. 2).

The receiving hopper 4 of the hammer mill 2 (figure 1 and figure 2) covers the output end of the conveyor belt 18.

The hammer crusher 2 is technologically connected by a conveyor belt 20, over which a suspended magnetic belt separator 21 is mounted, with a vibrating linear screen 22.

Under the hanging tape magnetic separators 19 and 21, technological containers (containers) 23 and 24 are installed (Fig. 2), respectively, for collecting magnetic fractions of crushed scrap.

Under the screen 22, technological containers 25 and 26 are installed to collect fine and large fractions, respectively, after screening (figure 2).

For separation (separation of fractions of crushed scrap) after screening for the processing of electronic scrap, a pneumatic cascade-gravity classifier 27 was used (FIG. 1 and FIG. 2) with a receiving hopper 28, separating crushed materials into three products: heavy fraction (copper alloys and large particles aluminum alloys), the middle fraction (mainly a large plastic fraction and a small metal fraction) and the light fraction (mainly a dusty and small plastic fraction).

The principle of separation of fractions of the crushed material falling into the cascade-gravity classifier is based on the difference in the forces acting on the crushed particle in the classifier: gravity and resistance of the crushed particle to the upward air flow. If the force of gravity acting on the particle is greater than the force of aerodynamic drag, the particle falls to the bottom.

Otherwise, a particle of material rises upward [9].

Complex for processing electronic scrap works as follows:

The source material (electronic scrap in the form of boards and units with a hinged installation, with connectors, a package of several pieces at once) is manually sharply fed into the receiving hopper 3 of the hammer mill 1 (Fig. 1).

The boards thrown into the processing due to the acquired cast energy consecutively overcome the gates 17 (Fig. 4) of the receiving hopper 3 and fall into the working area of the hammer mill 1, in which the scrap is destroyed to a fraction whose size is determined by the resolution installed on the hammer mill 1 .

To avoid dusting the industrial premises, the receiving hopper 3 and the under-sieve space of the crusher 1 are connected to the suction pipe of the cyclone 7 (figure 1).

The pulverulent fraction of destructible materials settles in the cyclone 7 through the suction pipe.

The lock gate of the receiving hopper 3 further protects the operator from dust and from fragments of materials destroyed by the crusher 1. The scrap fraction crushed to the required size through the grill of the crusher 1 falls onto the conveyor belt 18, which moves the crushed scrap mass to the hammer crusher 2 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).

From the crushed mass of scrap when passing it under an overhead magnetic separator 19, ferromagnetic materials (steel, cast iron, ferromagnetic chips) are extracted, which are discharged into the technological container 23 with a magnetic separator 19 (Fig. 2).

All the remaining scrap mass by the conveyor belt 18 is discharged into the receiving hopper of the hammer mill 2, where the scrap is finally crushed (destroyed) to a fraction, the dimensions of which are determined by the resolution installed on the hammer mill 2 lattice.

To avoid dusting the production room, the receiving hopper 4 and the under-sieve space of the crusher 2 are connected to the suction nozzle of the cyclone 8 (Fig. 1). The pulverized fraction of destructible materials during crushing settles in cyclone 8.

The crushed mass crushed by the crusher 2 by the conveyor belt 20 moves to the screen 22 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). When passing under the suspended magnetic separator 21, the crushed mass of scrap is the extraction of the remains of ferromagnetic materials, which are discharged by the magnetic separator 21 into the packaging 24 (figure 2).

The crushed mass of scrap, without a ferromagnetic component, with a roar 22 is divided into two fractions: coarse (over-sieve) and fine (under-sieve).

Each fraction (large and small) of the crushed scrap mass is collected in a separate technological container 25 and 26, respectively.

Each fraction, from containers 25 or from containers 26, respectively, is separately separated on a pneumatic multi-product classifier 27.

The crushed fine mass (from containers 25) of scrap after screening is poured into the receiving hopper 28 of the classifier 27.

In the pneumatic cascade-gravity classifier 27, when adjusting it to process the corresponding scrap fraction, the crushed scrap mass is separated (separated) into three products: a heavy fraction containing copper and tin-lead alloys, a light fraction containing a small fraction of plastics, and a middle fraction, containing mainly a large fraction of plastic and a small metal fraction.

The middle fraction for the separation of the metal component is subjected to screening or re-classification on a pneumatic cascade-gravity classifier 27 with the corresponding readjustment of the latter.

In the same way, separately crushed large mass of scrap is separated after screening (from container 24) on a pneumatic multi-product cascade-gravity classifier 27 after the corresponding readjustment of the latter.

All classified (separated) scrap fractions are collected separately in technological containers by fractions.

The inventive complex for processing electronic scrap was developed, manufactured and put into operation in the South Ural specialized recycling center in December 2011.

Information sources

1. Extraction of precious metals from scrap electronic equipment. Chernyuk A.O. and other UDC 669.213.6 [http://www.sworld.com.ua/Konfer22/166.htm]

2. RF patent No. 2166376, 2001.

3. RF patent No. 2321462, 2007

4. RF patent No. 2035244, 1995.

5. RF patent No. 2365469, 2009

6. US patent No. 5683040. 1997 year

7. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1594326, 1990

8. Patent of the Republic of Belarus BY 3970 C1, B07B 4/00, 2001

9. Equipment for fractionation into narrow classes of dry mixes in construction. Report at the 3rd international scientific and technical conference "Modern Technologies for Dry Building Mixtures" [http: //www.beton.rn/libraru/397/elem225593]

10. SNiP 2.02.05-87 "Foundations of machines with dynamic loads"

Claims (1)

A complex for processing electronic scrap containing at least two shredders connected in series via a conveyor belt, the last of which is connected by a belt conveyor with a screen, magnetic separators mounted above the conveyor belts, an aspiration system and a separating device for separating the scrap to be processed metallic and non-metallic fractions in the form of a pneumatic multi-product cascade-gravity classifier, excellent The fact is that the hammer crusher, which performs primary crushing of the processed scrap, is mounted on a frame made with hidden cavities in which cargo ballast is installed, installed by means of shock absorbers in the form of compression springs on the portal, under which a belt conveyor with an overhead magnetic separator is placed, which technologically connects hammer crushers of the complex between themselves, which is equipped with L-shaped brackets on which shock absorbers are horizontally mounted in the form of compression springs, through which rods with washers and nuts are pivotally articulated with the frame in the plane of rotation of the crusher rotor, and the receiving part of the crusher hopper is installed outside the plane of rotation of the crusher rotor and is made in the form of an inclined closed chamber with hinged shutters mounted on the vertical walls of the chamber at the input and output from her.