RU119695U1 - DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF TRACTION ELECTRIC MOTOR MOTORS - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for regulating the speed of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive, containing a series-connected DC source, an armature winding and an excitation winding of a DC traction motor, a shunt excitation current control circuit connected in parallel with the excitation winding and containing a shunt resistor, step-controlled in resistance value by means of contactors, a circuit control of a shunt field current control circuit containing a series-connected driver's controller, key elements and contactors, the contacts of one of which are connected to the field winding, the contacts of other contactors are connected to separate steps of the shunt resistor resistance values, characterized in that the shunt field current control circuit is equipped with a relay limiting current, connected in series with the shunt resistor, the control circuit of the shunt excitation current control circuit is equipped with signal elements of the light The key elements of the control circuit of the shunt circuit for controlling the excitation current are made in the form of two time-delayed relays that perform protective shutdown of the shunt excitation current control stages, the contacts of which are connected in series in control circuits of power contactors of a shunt circuit, while a time-delay relay serves to synchronize several similar shunt circuits, and one relay for switching power circuits is indicated�

Description

The inventive utility model relates to the field of electric drive control of vehicles and can be used on rail vehicles equipped with traction DC motors.

A device is known for controlling the speed of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive, comprising a power supply connected in series, an armature winding and a field winding of a DC traction electric motor, a shunt circuit for controlling a field current connected in parallel with a field winding and containing a series of shunt resistors connected in series with key elements, and a control circuit a shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current (patent RU No. 2283248, IPC B60L 15/04).

In this device, the operation of the control circuit of the shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current is based on the algorithm for restoring the specified coefficient of attenuation of the excitation current in automatic mode without the participation of an electric locomotive driver, which, however, is not able to ensure reliable operation of the traction motor in conditions of train movement on complex sections of the rail track profile, for example, on mountain passes, since on the descent from the mountain pass, the control circuit of the shunt circuit of regulation of the excitation current will work to increase the traction of the electric locomotive, which can lead to the breaking of inter-car automatic couplings, since most of the cars will be still on the rise of the mountain pass. At the same time, the implementation of key elements in the form of transistors, and the control circuit of a shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current using electronic circuits, a pulse shaper, logic elements, and other similar elements, significantly complicates and increases the cost of the device.

A device for controlling the speed of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive, comprising a dc source connected in series, an armature winding and an excitation winding of a DC traction electric motor, a shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current, connected in parallel with the excitation winding and containing a shunt resistor, is stepwise adjustable in resistance by means of contactors, a control circuit of a shunt circuit for controlling the excitation current, comprising in series nnye driver controller, the key elements and contactors, one contact of which is connected to the excitation winding, contacts the other contactors are connected to the individual steps of the resistance values of the shunt resistor (patent RU №85408, IPC V60L 15/08).

In this device for controlling the speed of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive, which is the closest to the claimed device in terms of essential features, when the shunt circuit on one section of the electric locomotive is turned off, the shunt circuit of the field winding on other sections is not automatically turned off. In addition, in the shunt circuit control circuit, elements signaling to the driver about the effectiveness of using the shunt circuit to control the excitation current do not fully inform the driver about the operation of the steps of the shunt circuit and its disconnection, and there are no diodes that should exclude the flow of surge currents between similar control circuits of the shunt circuit on different sections of an electric locomotive.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the reliability of protection of DC traction motors in the event of an abnormal increase in current in the armature winding of the traction motor during the operation of the shunt circuit for controlling the excitation current.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for controlling the speed of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive, comprising a DC source connected in series, an armature winding and an excitation winding of a DC traction electric motor, a shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current connected in parallel with the excitation winding and containing a shunt resistor in terms of resistance by means of contactors, a shunt control circuit terminals containing serially connected controller of the driver, key elements and contactors, the contacts of one of which are connected to the field winding, the contacts of other contactors are connected to separate steps of the resistance values of the shunt resistor, characterized in that the shunt circuit for regulating the field current is equipped with a limit current relay connected in series with a shunt resistor, the control circuit of the shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current is equipped with signal elements of light coding In the control system of the shunt circuit and the inclusion of the excitation current control stages located in the control cabin, the key elements of the control circuit of the shunt circuit of the excitation current control are made in the form of two relays with a time delay, which make a protective shutdown of the shunt stages of regulation of the excitation current, the contacts of which are connected in series in the circuit control the power contactors of the shunt circuit, while the relay with a time delay serves to synchronize several similar shunt circuits, and one relay switching the power circuits of these two relays, connected in parallel to one of the field weakening power contactors, while the signal contacts of the field excitation limit relay are connected through the contacts of the field weakening contactor to the protective shutdown relay of all shunt stages of excitation current regulation and by means of a dividing diode to the protective shutdown relay of a separate shunt stage of regulation of the excitation current.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the proposed device for controlling the speed of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive differs in that when the shunt circuit on one section of the electric locomotive is turned off, the shunt circuit of the field winding on the other sections is automatically turned off, without waiting for the current of the motors of other sections to increase to critical values. In addition, in the shunt circuit control circuit, elements signaling to the driver about the effectiveness of using the shunt circuit to control the excitation current fully inform the driver about the operation of the shunt circuit stages and its disconnection, as well as isolation diodes that prevent the flow of surge currents between similar circuits control shunt circuit on different sections of an electric locomotive.

The introduction of a limit current weakening relay providing current feedback, the implementation of key elements in the form of contact relays into the shunt circuit of the control of the excitation current, the implementation of key elements in the form of contact relays, as well as the introduction of signal elements in the form of bulbs into the shunt control circuit of the control of the excitation current control circuit, will allow the electric locomotive driver to make meaningful, taking into account the specific conditions of movement of the electric locomotive, effective measures to protect traction electric motors from overloads when performing the entire electrical circuit ysty on a simple, reliable and inexpensive element base.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a device for controlling the speed of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive in a static state; figure 2 - the device of figure 1, in the operating mode of the protective shutdown of the entire shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current; figure 3 - the device of figure 1, in the operating mode of the protective shutdown of a separate stage of the shunt circuit of regulation of the excitation current.

A device for controlling the speed of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive contains (Fig. 1) a DC source 1 connected in series, an anchor winding 2 and an excitation winding 3 of a DC traction electric motor, a shunt circuit for controlling the excitation current connected in parallel to the excitation winding 3 and containing a shunt resistor 4 connected in series and relay 5 of the limit current attenuation attenuation. The device has a control circuit for a shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current, containing serially connected controller 6 of the driver, key elements in the form of two relays 7 and 8 and contactors 9 and 10. Controller 6 of the driver is connected to a separate source of direct current 11. The control circuit of the shunt circuit of regulation of the excitation current is equipped with two signal elements of the state of the shunt stages of regulation of the excitation current in the form of bulbs 12 and 13. The power circuits of the contactors 9 and 10 are connected respectively to normally open contacts 6.1. and 6.2 controller 6 drivers. The second output of the contactor 9 is connected through a common point A to the control circuit from relay 7 through a normally closed contact 7.2 of relay 7 to the “-” of the DC source 11 and to the signal light 13, which is connected through a diode 14 in parallel to the power circuit from terminal 6.2 of the controller 6. A separating diode 15 is inserted into the power circuit of relay 7 from terminal 6.1 of controller 6, connected by its cathode to terminal 7.1 of relay 7. The second output of contactor 10 is connected via a common point B to the control circuit from relay 8 through a normally closed contact 8.2 of relay 8 to “-” of the direct current source 11 and to the signal light 12, which is connected through a diode diode 14 in parallel to the power circuit from terminal 6.2 of the controller 6. The control contacts 10.1 of the contactor 10 are connected to a shunt circuit for regulating the field current to directly connect this shunt circuit to winding 3 excitation of the traction motor. The control contacts 9.1 of the contactor 9 are connected to a separate stage of the resistance value of the shunt resistor 4. Contacts 5.1 of the relay 5 of the excitation current limit are connected through a common point C and normally closed contacts 16.1 of the relay 16 of the switching relay 8 and through the diode 17 to the relay 7, while the relay 16 is connected to the power circuit from the terminal 6.1 of the controller 6 in parallel with the power circuit of the contactor 9.

A device for controlling the speed of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive works as follows.

In the normal mode of traction of an electric locomotive (Fig. 1), the current flows through the circuit: “+” of a direct current source 1, anchor winding 2, field winding 3, “-” of a direct current source 1. If it is necessary to increase the speed of the electric locomotive without increasing the voltage in the DC source circuit 1, the driver switches on the shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current, which closes the contact 6.2 of controller 6, and creates a power circuit for the contactor 10: “+” DC source 11, closed contact 6.2 of controller 6 of the driver, contactor 10, common point B, normally closed contact 8.2 of relay 8, “-” of DC 11. The power circuit of the signal lamp 12 is also created: “+” of the DC source 11, closed contact 6.2 of the driver 6 controller, isolation diode 14, signal lamp 12, common point B, normally closed contact 8.2 of the relay 8, “-” of the DC 11 . Similarly, the power circuit of the signal lamp 13 is created: “+” of the DC source 11, closed contact 6.2 of the driver 6 of the driver, isolation diode 14, signal lamp 13, common point A, normally closed contact 7.2 of relay 7, “-” of the DC source 11. The lamp 12 and 13 lights up and gives a signal to the driver about the inclusion and normal operation of the shunt circuit of regulation of the excitation current. The contactor 10, having switched on, closes its contact 10.1 and switches on the shunt circuit of the excitation current in parallel to the field winding 3: closed contact 10.1 of the contactor 10, relay 5 of the maximum field weakening current, the shunt resistor 4, “-” of the direct current source 1.

When an abnormal increase in current occurs in the armature winding 2, the same increase in current occurs in the excitation winding 3 and in the shunt circuit, in this case (Fig. 2), if the current in the shunt circuit exceeds the maximum specified value, the relay 5 of the limit excitation attenuation current is activated and closes its contact 5.1, which creates a power circuit of relay 8: a “+” DC source 11, closed contact 6.2 of the controller 6 of the driver, isolation diode 14, closed contact 5.1 of the relay 5 of the limiting current of field weakening, common point C, lock 16.1 uty contact switching relay 16, relay 8, "-" DC source 11. Turning on, the relay 8 will open its contacts 8.2, thereby opening the power circuit of the contactor 10, which, having lost power, will open its contacts 10.1 and make a protective shutdown of the shunt circuit of regulation of the excitation current. At the same time, the open contacts 8.2 of the relay 8 interrupt the power supply circuit of the signal lamp 12, which goes out and informs the driver of the protection operation. At the same time, relay 8, turning on, closes its contacts 8.1 and creates for itself an additional power circuit: “+” of direct current source 11, closed contact 6.2 of driver 6 of the driver, isolation diode 14, closed contact 8.1 of relay 8, “-” of source 11 direct current, which does not allow spontaneous, without the participation of the driver, the re-inclusion in the work of the shunt circuit regulating the excitation current.

If it is necessary to include in the operation of a separate stage (part) the resistance value of the shunt resistor 4 (Fig. 3), the driver closes the contact 6.1 of the controller 6. This creates a power circuit of the contactor 9: “+” of the DC source 11, closed contact 6.1 of the controller 6, contactor 9, common point A, normally closed contact 7.2 of relay 7, “-” of direct current source 11. When contactor 9 is switched on, it closes its contact 9.1 and switches on a separate stage of the shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current: closed contact 10.1 of contactor 10, relay 5 of the current limit, separate stage of the shunt resistor 4, closed contact 9.1 of contactor 9, “-” of the constant source 1 current. At the same time, the power circuit of the relay 16 of the switching power circuits of relays 7 and 8 is created: “+” of the DC 11 source, closed contact 6.1 of the controller 6, relay 16, isolation diode 18, common point A, normally closed contact 7.2 of the relay 7, “-” of the source 11 DC. Relay 16, turning on, opens its contacts 16.1, thereby interrupting the power supply circuit of relay 8.

When an abnormal increase in current occurs in the armature winding 2, the same increase in current occurs in the excitation winding 3 and in the shunt circuit, in this case (Fig. 3), if the current in the shunt circuit exceeds the maximum specified value, the relay 5 of the limit excitation attenuation current is activated and closes its contact 5.1, which creates a power circuit of relay 7: “+” of the DC source 11, closed contact 6.2 of the controller 6, isolation diode 14, closed contact 5.1 of relay 5 of the limiting current of field weakening, common point C, isolation diode 17, relay 7, “-” of the DC source 11. Turning on, the relay 7 opens its contacts 7.2, thereby interrupting the power circuit of the contactor 9, which, having lost power, opens its contacts 9.1 and makes a protective shutdown of a separate stage of the shunt circuit of the excitation current. At the same time, the open contacts 7.2 of relay 7 interrupt the power supply circuit of the signal lamp 13, which goes out and informs the driver of the protection operation. At the same time, relay 7, turning on, closes its 7.1 contacts and creates for itself an additional power circuit: “+” of direct current source 11, closed contact 6.1 of controller 6, isolation diode 15, closed contact 7.1 of relay 7, “-” constant source 11 current, which does not allow spontaneous, without the participation of the driver, the re-inclusion in the work of the shunt circuit regulating the excitation current. In this case, the open contacts 7.2 of the relay 7 interrupt the power supply circuit of the relay 16 of the switching circuit, which disconnects and closes its contacts 16.1, thereby closing the power supply circuit to the relay 8. Further, the operation cycle of the device is repeated, however, the driver is switched back on to the shunt circuit to regulate the excitation current taking into account the peculiarities of the locomotive’s motion conditions.

Claims (1)

A device for controlling the speed of traction electric motors of an electric locomotive, comprising a DC source connected in series, an armature winding and an excitation winding of a DC traction electric motor, a shunt circuit for regulating the excitation current connected in parallel with the excitation winding and containing a shunt resistor that is stepwise adjustable in resistance by means of contactors, a circuit control shunt circuit for controlling the excitation current, containing series-connected con driver’s roller, key elements and contactors, the contacts of one of which are connected to the field winding, the contacts of other contactors are connected to separate steps of the resistance values of the shunt resistor, characterized in that the shunt circuit of the excitation current control is equipped with a limit current relay connected in series with the shunt resistor, circuit the control of the shunt circuit of regulation of the excitation current is equipped with signal elements of light coding the status of the control system of the shunt circuit and the inclusion m steps of regulation of the excitation current, located in the control cabin, the key elements of the control circuit of the shunt circuit of regulation of the excitation current are made in the form of two relays with a time delay, performing a protective shutdown of the shunt stages of regulation of the excitation current, the contacts of which are connected in series in the control circuit of the power contactors of the shunt circuit, at the same time, the relay with a time delay serves to synchronize several similar shunt circuits, and one relay switching power circuits of the decree two relays connected in parallel to one of the field weakening power contactors, while the signal contacts of the field excitation limit relay are connected through the contacts of the field weakening power contactor to the protective shutdown relay of all the shunt stages of regulation of the field current and, through the isolation diode, to the protective shutdown relay of a separate shunt stage of regulation field current.