RU116901U1 - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

An internal combustion engine containing a crankcase housing a crank mechanism, a cylinder, a piston, intake and exhaust manifolds, intake and exhaust valves, a fuel injection nozzle, characterized in that it is equipped with a discharge valve with an electronic control unit, an electronic control unit an exhaust valve and an air manifold connected to the receiver.

Description

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used to increase the starting qualities of an internal combustion engine, provide the possibility of a short-term significant increase in power, reduced mechanical loading of nodes and parts when operating in variable conditions and, as a result, increase its reliability, as well as to provide multi-fuel.

Famous internal combustion engine (Belov P.A. Engines of army vehicles. Part one. Theory / P.A. Belov, V.R.Buryachko, E.N. Akatov - M .: Military Publishing House, 1971. - P. 488-492 ), comprising: a crankcase in which a crank mechanism is located; cylinder; compression piston; intake and exhaust manifolds. The inlet, outlet valves and nozzle for fuel injection are located in the cylinder head.

The disadvantages of such an engine are:

1. The complexity of the design of the piston, automatically adjusting the compression ratio for the optimal compression ratio when operating in variable modes, to ensure reduced mechanical loading of nodes and parts, as a result, increase its reliability, as well as to ensure multi-fuel.

2. The impossibility of a sharp short-term engine boost with a sharp short-term increase in external load.

This engine design is the closest to the proposed technical essence and is taken as a prototype.

The objective of the proposal is: to increase the starting qualities of the internal combustion engine; ensuring reduced mechanical loading of nodes and parts when operating in variable conditions and, as a consequence, increasing its reliability, as well as ensuring multi-fuel without the use of a complex piston that automatically controls the compression ratio; providing the possibility of sharp short-term boosting of the engine with a sharp short-term increase in external load and full (up to environmental pressure) expansion of the working fluid.

The solution to this problem is achieved as follows. The engine is manufactured with a high geometric compression ratio, which is used when starting it. After starting during engine operation, after a part of the piston stroke during compression, the discharge valve opens and air compressed to a certain pressure through the air manifold enters the receiver. After closing the discharge valve, which is regulated depending on the engine operating mode, the actual compression begins, then fuel injection, combustion and expansion. If necessary, a sharp increase in power from the receiver, an additional amount of air is supplied under pressure (i.e., a kind of short-term boost is realized), which allows you to burn more fuel and temporarily exceed the estimated maximum engine power. The expansion of the working fluid can occur to environmental pressure due to the high geometric compression ratio.

An analysis of the proposed solution and the known ones allows us to conclude that it meets the patentability conditions of the utility model.

The proposal is illustrated in the figure (figure 1), which shows the principal device of the proposed internal combustion engine.

The proposed internal combustion engine comprises: a crankcase 1, in which a crank mechanism 2 is placed; cylinder 3; piston 4. In the cylinder head 3 there are inlet 5, pressure 6 valves and exhaust 7 with an electronic control unit 8, inlet 9, exhaust 10 and air 11 manifolds, an injector 12 for fuel injection. The discharge valve 6 is equipped with an electronic control unit 13. The air manifold 11 is connected to the receiver 14.

The proposed internal combustion engine operates as follows.

Before starting the engine, having a high (from 25 to 30, which subsequently expands almost to ambient pressure) geometric compression ratio, the discharge valve 6 is closed, and the starting process is carried out in normal mode. At the same time, strong compression of the air in the cylinder 3 provides a reliable start in conditions of low ambient temperatures. After starting during engine operation, after partial movement of the piston 4 from the lower extreme position to the upper electronic control unit 13 opens (depending on the engine operating mode) the discharge valve 6 and compressed air to a certain pressure through the air manifold 11 enters the receiver, then the electronic unit control 13 closes the discharge valve 6, and the electronic control unit 8 opens the exhaust valve 7 and the pressure in the cylinder 3 is reduced to atmospheric. Immediately after that, the electronic control unit 8 closes the exhaust valve 7 and the actual compression of the air in the cylinder begins. When the piston 4 approaches the extreme upper position, fuel is injected through the nozzle 12, combustion and expansion occur.

If there is a need for a sharp increase in power from the receiver 14 when the piston 4 approaches the extreme upper position, the electronic control unit 13 opens the discharge valve 6, through which additional air is supplied under pressure (i.e., a kind of short-term pressurization is realized), which allows burn more fuel and temporarily exceed the estimated maximum engine power.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed internal combustion engine has:

1. A simple piston design while maintaining the ability to automatically control the actual compression ratio when operating in variable modes to provide reduced mechanical loading of nodes and parts, as a result, to increase engine reliability, as well as to ensure its multi-fuel.

2. The possibility of sharp short-term boosting of the engine with a sharp short-term increase in external load.

Claims (1)

An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase in which a crank mechanism, a cylinder, a piston, an intake and exhaust manifolds, an intake and exhaust valve, an injector for injecting fuel, characterized in that it is equipped with a discharge valve with an electronic control unit, an electronic control unit exhaust valve and air manifold associated with the receiver.