RU108454U1 - TERMINAL GASKET OF INTERMEDIATE RAIL FASTENING - Google Patents

Abstract

 An intermediate rail fastener, made in the form of a rectangular metal plate, containing a flat base designed to support wooden sleepers on the upper bed, a surface for fixing two rail linings on it and holes for fasteners designed to connect the rail sleepers, linings and the gasket itself common crutches, characterized in that it is equipped with two additional holes located near its ends and intended for installation binders that interact only with the seal, the width of which is made not less than the maximum width of the upper bed worn sleepers.

Description

The utility model relates to the construction of railways, and in particular to the structures of the elements of the upper track structure.

A known construction of a spacer strip of intermediate rail fastening (RU No. 2391455, ЕВВ 9/68, 06/10/2010), made in the form of a rectangular plate, containing a flat base, designed to support wooden sleepers on the upper bed, a surface for mounting a rail lining on it and holes for fasteners, designed to connect with the railroad tie, lining and laying itself with common crutches. The functional purpose of the gasket is to reduce the intensity of wear of the wood under the gasket and extend the service life of the sleepers. In this design, this is achieved due to the elasticity of the polymeric material that separates the lining from the sleepers. Under the conditions of rolling stock loads traveling on public roads, polymer gaskets provide a significant effect in reducing the level of dynamic interaction between train wheels and the rail base, and therefore are widely used in trunk rail transport. But on factory railways, in particular on tracks of technological rolling stock with axial loads 2-2.5 times higher than the loads of locomotives and wagons of the general railway network, polymer gaskets quickly wear out and the sleeper becomes unprotected from high train loads.

Thus, the design flaws that limit its scope include the relatively low physical and mechanical characteristics of the strength and wear resistance of the material from which it is made.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is the design of a spacer pad for intermediate rail fastening (RU 2340716, ЕВВ 3/02, 10.12.2008), made in the form of a rectangular metal plate, containing a flat base, designed to support wooden sleepers on the upper bed, and a mounting surface there are two rail linings and holes for fasteners designed to connect rails, linings and the laying itself with common crutches to the railroad ties. Metal gasket has higher strength, wear resistance and durability. Its length extends to almost the entire length of the sleepers, the laying takes up the load from two rails and distributes it over a large area of bearing, so the stresses and compressions on the surface of the sleepers are minimal. This creates significant prerequisites for reducing the rate of wear of wood and increasing the duration of sleepers in transit. However, reserves for increasing the service life of wooden sleepers are not fully involved in this design either. In particular, only 6 holes for crutches are provided in the gasket, each of which must be attached simultaneously not only to the railroad tie, but also to the rail sole together with the lining. But it is known that during the operation of the track, crutches are pulled out by the sole of the rail, and when the wheels pass along the rail between the gasket and the bed of the sleepers, then the gap is formed, then the gap disappears. Under the influence of vibration of the rail, the gasket performs not only vertical, but also horizontal movements along and across the path, erasing the surface of the wood and cutting off its annual layers with its edges. This speeds up the wear of the sleepers.

Since the width of the strip taken as a prototype is taken equal to the width of the rail lining, which is less than the width of the bed of the new sleepers, wear of the surface of the sleepers occurs with the formation of a recess in its surface. After each rain, the recess is filled with water, since its walls impede its outflow. Water is constantly absorbed into the wood, increasing its moisture, which reduces the strength and wear resistance in the area that is subject to wear.

The design disadvantage is that, contributing to an increase in the humidity of the wood in the area where the gasket interacts with the upper bed of the sleepers, it does not provide the necessary conditions to minimize the rate of wear of the wood, that is, it does not fully correspond to its purpose.

When developing a utility model, the problem was solved of creating a pad laying of such a design that would reduce the impact of negative operational and natural factors on the service life of wooden sleepers operating under conditions of increased axial loads.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the spacer strip of the intermediate rail fastening, made in the form of a rectangular metal plate, containing a flat base, designed to rest on the upper bed of wooden sleepers, a surface for mounting two rail linings on it and holes for fasteners, designed to connect with the sleepers rails, linings and laying itself with common crutches, equipped with two additional holes located near its ends and designed Fitting for prikrepiteley interacting only with the gasket, the width of which is made not less than the maximum width of the upper bed worn sleepers.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated using the drawings.

Figure 1 General view of the gasket in plan

Figure 2 The position in the cross section of the gasket design of the prototype

Figure 3 The position in the cross section of the gasket of the proposed design

On the laying plan 1, the dotted line shows the position of the sleepers 2 under it, and on it the linings 3 and the rails 4.

The spacer strip 1 of the intermediate rail fastening is made in the form of a rectangular metal plate of L × A size and thickness t. Its flat base 5 is designed to support the gasket on the upper bed 6 of the wooden sleepers 2, and the surface 7 is used for fastening two rail linings on it 3. In the gasket 1 there are 6 holes 8-13 for fasteners designed to connect with the railroad ties 2 of the rails 4, linings 3 and the gasket 1 itself with common crutches (not shown in Fig.). In order to prevent the movement of the pad 1 relative to the upper bed 6, associated with pulling the crutches, the pad is equipped with two additional holes 14, 15 for installing crutches, which are not subjected to pulling, as they do not come into contact with either the rail 4 or the lining 3 , and interact only with the gasket 1 itself, reliably pressing it to the railroad tie 2 throughout the entire period of operation. In the absence of the abrasive effect, which occurs only under the condition of mutual movement of the rubbing surfaces, the wear rate of wood is reduced by more than a widow. The operating experience of the connected bands and couplers made of metal plates resting on the surface of the sleepers 2 showed that their end sections extending beyond the gauge resonate most intensively with the vibration of the rolling stock. Therefore, additional holes 14, 15 for the fasteners should be located near the ends 16 of the strip 1. The design of the prototype provides for the width of the plate strip 1 not less than the width of the lining 3. Figure 2 shows that the specified range of possible sizes includes the width of the strip, which is greater than the width of the lining b _n but smaller than the width b _n upper bed 6 of the new (unworn) sleepers 2. Under such a lining wear timber 1 will go to form a recess 17 of a rectangular shape repeats the shape of the napkin 1, and limited to all vertical side walls 18, which will retain water precipitation. Partially, the water will evaporate, but its main part will be absorbed into the walls 18 and the bottom 19 of the recess 17, increasing the moisture content of the wood and reducing its resistance to wear. So that throughout the operation of the sleepers 2 along the way on its upper bed 6, such recesses 17 do not form, the width A of the gasket 1 should be at least the width b _{and the} bed 19 of the extremely worn sleepers 2.

The device operates as follows.

Due to the lack of horizontal movements of the base 5 of the strip 1 relative to the upper bed 6 of the sleepers 2, the main component of the wear of wood is minimized, which consists in abrasion of its contact surface and the cut of the annual layers by the edges of the strip 1. And the absence of walls 18 holding water on the upper bed 19 of the sleepers 2 will prevent the process of reducing the strength and wear resistance of wood due to its overmoistening in the wear zone of the sleepers 2. Under the influence of cyclic vertical loads from the wheels passing over the cross section of each sleepers 2, water will even be squeezed out of the annual layers of wood and flow freely along the bevels of 20 sleepers 2 into a ballast prism. So that this process does not stop until the removal of the sleepers 2 from the path, it is necessary that throughout the entire life of the sleepers 2 gaskets overlap its entire width along the top. The width b _{and the} upper bed 6 of the extremely worn sleepers 2 is determined by the formula. In figure 3:

b _and = b _n + 2 • D • tgφ,

where b _n - the width of the upper bed 6 of the new sleepers 2;

D - tolerance for wear of the wood sleepers 2 under the lining;

φ is the angle of inclination to the vertical bevel 20.

Thus, the possibility of manufacturing the proposed design of the laying pad, providing an increase in the service life of wooden sleepers, at least twice, can not be doubted.

Claims (1)

An intermediate rail fastener, made in the form of a rectangular metal plate, containing a flat base for supporting wooden sleepers on the upper bed, a surface for attaching two rail linings on it and holes for fasteners designed to connect the rail sleepers, linings and the gasket itself common crutches, characterized in that it is equipped with two additional holes located near its ends and intended for installation binders that interact only with the seal, the width of which is made not less than the maximum width of the upper bed worn sleepers.