RU103803U1 - PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FOAM GLASS BLOCKS - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. Installation for the production of foam glass blocks, including a furnace, molds, transport path, transfer trolleys, pushers, a hopper-dispenser of the foaming mixture, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of the installation and the quality of the foam glass, the shapes are made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds made of heat-resistant metal , dilatometrically matched with foam glass, and fed into the furnace in one tier installed vertically on one of the smaller faces. ! 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the design of the quick cooling zone after foaming the charge provides cooling of the molds at a rate of 20-50 ° C / min. ! 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the annealing zone has allocated parallel sections - high temperature with a cooling rate of 0.5-0.7 ° C / min, containing upper and lower annealing boundaries, and low temperature with a cooling rate of 0.7 -1.1 ° C / min. ! 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that for annealing the foam glass blocks, it contains two low-temperature annealing sections, which are loaded alternately by the molds. ! 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-temperature and low-temperature sections of the annealing zone are interconnected by a heated thermal gateway that matches the temperature sections.

Description

The technical solution relates to the production of foam glass and can be used in the building materials industry.

A known installation for the production of foam glass blocks using a two-stage technology, containing two functionally independent furnaces - a foaming furnace and an annealing furnace [1, 2].

Blocks of foam glass obtained in a foaming furnace, having gone through a complex temperature-time regime of processing — heating, foaming, cooling, stabilization — are removed from hot molds and loaded into the annealing furnace to relax stresses. The advantage of this method: a comprehensive research and production study of a whole range of technological and structural issues, which made it possible to organize the production of high-quality foam glass. The disadvantages of the method:

- Limited productivity - about 10 thousand m ³ blocks per year;

- Heavy to 100 kg heat-resistant forms with a wall thickness of 5-10 mm, the heating of which accounts for almost a quarter of all energy costs when foaming the charge;

- Difficult working conditions - the adopted technology includes an open-air procedure for removing blocks from molds having a temperature of 580-650 ° C, immediately after they exit the foaming furnace, followed by reloading the foam glass into the annealing furnace;

- Uncontrolled thermal stresses arising in the blocks of foam glass when they are removed from the hot molds, which affects the yield and quality of the products.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is the installation for the production of foam glass in a single-stage way, when the technological operations of foaming and annealing are carried out sequentially in one furnace [3].

The advantage of this method: continuity, the ability to automate the entire process, high energy savings.

The disadvantage of a known installation:

- A multi-tier tunnel furnace (two rows in width and 3-5 in height) with a maximum capacity of up to 38 thousand m ³ / year does not provide high-quality foam glass due to significant temperature gradients up to 160 ° C in the furnace channel, since the shape located at different heights, shield each other;

- The lack of a quick cooling zone in the furnace, which makes it difficult to fix the structure and shape of the foam blocks and leads to the possibility of crystallization of glass and, as a result, to a significant deterioration in rheological characteristics and water absorption;

- The difficulty of implementing one of the basic requirements of foam glass foaming technology related to the need to balance the hydrostatic pressure of the foam mass - the presence of a positive temperature gradient between the bottom and top of the molds.

- Significant weight and size characteristics of the foam glass production unit (the length of the furnace is more than 100 m, the mass of the mold set per line is 250 tons);

- Low yield percentage of foam glass blocks.

The purpose of the technical solution is to increase the productivity of the installation and the quality of the foam glass.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the installation for the production of foam glass blocks, containing a multi-zone furnace for the technological conversion of the charge, metal molds, a transport path for moving the molds, a hopper-dispenser of the foaming mixture, is equipped with molds made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds made of heat-resistant metal, dilatometrically coordinated with foam glass, which are fed into the furnace in an upright position, mounted on one of the smaller faces. After foaming the charge, the design of the rapid cooling zone provides a mold cooling rate in the range of 20-50 ° C / min. The annealing zone consists of selected parallel sections — high-temperature sections with a cooling rate of 0.5–0.7 ° C / min, containing the upper and lower boundaries of annealing, and low-temperature sections with a cooling rate of 0.7–1.1 ° C / min. The high-temperature and low-temperature sections of the annealing zone are interconnected by a heated thermal lock that matches the temperature sections.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by the drawings of figures 1-4. In Fig. 1, as an example, the double-row arrangement of molds with a foaming charge used in the production of foam glass is shown, in Fig. 2 is the arrangement of molds according to the proposed technical solution. Figure 3, 4 - presents a diagram of the proposed installation for the production of foam glass blocks with different lengths of the annealing zone.

As can be seen from figure 1, 2, where the arrows indicate the direction of movement of the forms 1 mounted on the transport stand 2, the vertical single-tiered arrangement of forms on the side face with a smaller area leads to a multiple increase in the total number of forms loaded into the oven on supports of the same size, and therefore, to an increase in the productivity of the installation as a whole (table). In the table, for example, molds with a size of 500 × 500 × 120 mm, the calculated values of the productivity of the proposed installation for the production of foam glass with a vertical arrangement of molds for two-, three- and four-row furnace loading are given.

Cycle of feeding the forms into the oven, min. The number of simultaneously loaded stands with forms Plant productivity, thousand m ³ blocks per year Suggested two-row arrangement of forms Proposed three-row arrangement of forms Suggested four-row layout 4.0 one 23.6 35.4 47.3 3.5 one 27.0 40.5 54.0 3.0 one 31.5 47.3 63.0 4.0 2 47.3 70.8 94.6 3.5 2 54.0 81.0 108 3.0 2 63.0 94.6 126.0

The installation for the production of foam glass blocks contains a multi-zone furnace, consisting of a sintering and foaming zone 1, a quick cooling zone 2, an annealing zone of parallel sections - high temperature 3, which includes the upper and lower boundaries of annealing and low temperature 4, a heat lock 5 with a heating system, connecting sections 3 and 4, vertically mounted forms on a stand 12, a transport line 11 with a self-propelled transfer trolley, pushers of forms 3, a belt conveyor 6 for transporting finished blocks, a roller conveyor ter 10, block extracting portion 7 of the forms, the preparation portion 8 forms, with the charge feed hopper and dosing 9. Land machining blocks of storage and batch preparation are not shown.

Installation works as follows.

The foaming mixture is loaded using a dispenser 9 into molds on a stand 12, which are transported along a transport line 11 by a self-propelled transfer trolley to the loading zone of furnace 1. The load is carried out cyclically every 3-4 minutes by a pusher 3 of one or two supports with molds at once. After foaming the charge in zone 1 and subsequent fixation of the structure of the blocks by rapid cooling at a speed of 20-50 ° C / min in zone 2, foam glass forms fall on the high-temperature section 3 containing the upper and lower temperature boundaries of the critical annealing zone. The cooling rate in section 3 is 0.5–0.7 ° C / min, and increases in the low-temperature annealing section 4 to 0.7–1.1 ° C / min. If necessary, the total duration of annealing can be increased by connecting the second low-temperature section 4 (Figure 4). In this case, the filling of sections with 4 forms takes place alternately. Structurally, sections 3, 4 are interconnected by a thermal lock 5, which synchronizes their temperature and speed conditions, as well as the sequence of filling low-temperature sections of annealing.

At the exit of the furnace, the stand with the molds falls to section 7, where the foam glass blocks are removed and sent to the conveyor belt 6 for machining or storage. Free forms with a stand are supplied first to the preparation section 8, and then to the charge charge 9. The arrows in FIGS. 3, 4 show the movement of the forms and finished blocks.

The proposed installation has high performance and a wide reserve for varying the temperature-time regimes of all zones of technological redistribution, which makes it a universal tool for the production of foam glass of different composition and purpose.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Demidovich B.K., Piletsky V.I., Sadchenko N.P., Melnik E.P., Firer M.Ya., Akulich S.S. Glass and Ceramics, 1972, No. 10, pp. 17-19.

2. Demidovich B.K., Sadchenko N.P. Foam glass - technology and application. M., VNIIESM, 1990, pp. 2-5, pp. 10-17.

3. Demidovich B.K. Foam glass. Minsk: Science and Technology, 1975, p. 5-19.

Claims (5)

1. Installation for the production of foam glass blocks, including a furnace, molds, transport path, transfer trolleys, pushers, a hopper-dispenser of the foaming mixture, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of the installation and the quality of the foam glass, the shapes are made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds made of heat-resistant metal dilatometrically matched with foam glass, and fed into the furnace in one tier installed vertically on one of the smaller faces. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the design of the quick cooling zone after foaming the charge provides cooling of the molds at a rate of 20-50 ° C / min. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the annealing zone has allocated parallel sections - high temperature with a cooling rate of 0.5-0.7 ° C / min, containing upper and lower annealing boundaries, and low temperature with a cooling rate of 0.7 -1.1 ° C / min. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that for annealing the foam glass blocks, it contains two low-temperature annealing sections, which are loaded alternately by the molds. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-temperature and low-temperature sections of the annealing zone are interconnected by a heated thermal gateway that matches the temperature sections.