RO133841A1 - Unconventional textile material based on wool from romanian breeds for insulating constructions and process for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an unconventional textile material based on sheep wool from Romanian breeds, said material being meant to be used as such for the insulation of constructions, as well as for making flexible panels and sheets with a lining role, and to a process for producing the same. The claimed material is in the form of a non-woven three-dimensional fibrous layer, comprising a mixture of fibers, expressed as weight percentage, of 70 ... 90% thick wool fibers and 10 ... 30% chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties, with a thickness ranging between 1 ... 16 cm and a density of 25 ... 33 kg/m, the chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties being chosen from the fibers whose melting temperature is 10 ... 30°C lower than the thermal degradation temperature of thick wool fiber. The claimed process has the following steps: a. weighing and dosing the quantities of thick wool fibers and chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties, b. unravelling and mixing the thick wool fibers and chemical fibers, c. treating the mixture of fibers antistatically, antimicrobially and against insects and mites, d. forming the treated fiber mixture as a non-woven three-dimensional fibrous layer, by an aerodynamic process known per se, e. thermal consolidation of the three-dimensional fibrous layer by passing it through a furnace maintained at the melting temperature of the chemical fiber for a period of time necessary for it to generate the bonding points between the fibers of the same type and f. cooling the thermally reinforced three-dimensional non-woven fibrous layer, and further processing thereof by cutting and rolling for subsequent use.

Description

Unconventional wool-based textile material, from Romanian breeds, for insulation of constructions and process for obtaining it

The present invention relates to an unconventional wool-based textile material derived from Romanian or other breeds with similar histological characteristics for use in the field of insulation of constructions and interior arrangements as well as a process for obtaining it.

Also, the invention relates to the use of unconventional wool-based textile material for the manufacture of panels, plates, three-dimensional architectural elements with the role of lining and insulation of buildings or as decoration. The construction and construction materials sector has a special impact on the environment through the specific activities related to the design of life, the production of construction materials, transport and commissioning, exploitation and maintenance, demolition and recycling.

The architectural, structural, functional and energetic design of the buildings must ensure:

- operating safety (fire resistance, compression and traction resistance, air and vapor permeability);

- noise protection;

- energy saving and thermal insulation (thermal conductivity, specific resistance to heat transfer, vapor diffusion and the quality of noxious regulator, including humidity, from the interior air of buildings);

- fire safety (eg fire reaction class A2 or class E, in the case of linings inside the panels / walls) and at;

- hygiene, health and the environment (the materials used do not emit pollutants and do not pose a risk to human health)

In this context, materials that effectively insulate and ensure optimum conditions for building operation are particularly important.

Materials used in thermal insulation include expanded or extruded polystyrene, mineral glass wool, basaltic mineral wool, cellulose, cork, straw or reed, resin foam, airgel, heat-insulating plaster, vacuum-insulating sheets, reflective foil with multiple layers of aluminum or even bricks as well as other modern insulation materials.

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Wool is a natural material with histo-chemical and biological characteristics that gives it certain valuable physico-mechanical, technological and hygienic properties.

The main peculiarities of the wool fibers are: permeability to the ultraviolet rays (necessary for the body), thermal conductivity, good thermal insulation capacity, pronounced hygroscopicity, good sound insulation capacity, pronounced affinity for dyes, high stability to acids and oxidants, good flame retardant capacity (it ignites and burns hard), thermostability (does not degrade by finishing and ironing at temperatures of about 100 ^S C), increased resistance to the action of the sun's rays especially in the painted state, high capacity for splicing by peeling, pleasant touch, increased portability , low weight and specific gravity.

The characteristics of the wool fibers that determine the superiority of this natural resource in the field of use as insulating material and which ensures performance compared to the classical insulators are the reduced thermal conductivity, the hygroscopicity (absorbance), the fireproof capacity, the durability, the biodegradability.

In the prior art, a series of materials with insulating effect based on natural fibers are disclosed.

EP1586716 refers to insulating panels made of pressed wool on which natural resin is applied and the marginal faces are sealed with paper.

These panels have a high density of pressed wool material which is why the thermal conductivity of the material increases due to the number of contact points between fibers. The structure of the material is not compact so that in order to eliminate the fiber losses during the handling operations it is necessary to seal with paper. Also, these panels are slightly flexible and difficult to adapt in the operation of insulation in spaces with different geometries.

EP0578107 refers to a non-woven material based on cotton fibers or other cellulose fibers which are woven for the purpose of stabilizing the non-woven material.

Non-woven material is mainly used for packaging.

The technical problem solved by the present invention aims to obtain a wool-based insulating material with an optimum density in relation to the material thickness in 2018 00556

30/07/2018 the purpose of ensuring a minimum thermal conductivity of the material, which has dimensional stability, without loss of fibrous mass during use.

Thus, the present invention consists in the manufacture of an unconventional textile material for insulating constructions, based on sheep's wool fibers, which is in the form of a three-dimensional, non-woven fiber layer and comprising a mixture of fibers between 70% ... 90% fibers thick wool and 30% ... 10% chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties, the percentages being expressed in weight, having a density in the range 25 ... 33 kg / m ³ .

Another object of the present invention relates to a process for obtaining an unconventional textile material for the isolation of sheep wool fiber constructions comprising the weighing and dosing steps of the quantities of thick wool fibers and chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties, dismantling and mixing of thick wool fibers and chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties, treatment of antistatic, antimicrobial and insect and mite fiber mixing, formation of mixed fiber treated in the form of a three-dimensional, non-woven fiber layer, by an aerodynamic process itself known, thermal consolidation of the three-dimensional non-woven fiber layer, by passing it through a furnace maintained at the melting temperature of the chemical fiber with thermo-adhesive properties, for a period of time necessary to generate the bonding points between the fibers of the same kind, cooling the of the three-dimensional fibrous layer , non-woven, thermally consolidated and its processing by cutting and rolling for later use, and in which, in the dismantling stage, a shortening of the thick, uncontrolled wool fibers is made, the length approaching the length of the semi-fine wool fibers and in the stage for forming the non-woven three-dimensional fibrous layer, the aerodynamic process correlates the positioning of the vacuum on both sides of the conveyor mesh so that the fibers of the fibrous mixture are oriented inclined, vertically or three-dimensional and a three-dimensional, non-woven fibrous layer is obtained with density between 25 ... 33 kg / m ³ .

Also, the present invention relates to the use of unconventional textile material based on sheep's wool fibers, as such, to the insulation of constructions as well as to the manufacture of panels, flexible sheets with a lining role.

The advantages of the present invention derive primarily from the use of natural sheepskin fiber which is itself an ecological, non-polluting, biodegradable material, with flame retardant, insect-resistant, pest and mildew properties, with absorbent properties, including organic compounds at risk for people's health.

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30/07/2018 In addition, the unconventional textile material based on sheep wool fibers according to the present invention has numerous advantages, namely: it has dimensional stability, it has a compact structure, resistant to stresses, without loss of fibrous mass during use, it does not require the adhesion of adhesive cellulose strips to the contour of the thickness after manufacture and until use, it can be made with thicknesses comparable to the thicknesses that have interior walls, eliminating the application of stratified solutions, it includes a volume of air between the fibers of the structure that is it maintains over time and ensures the thermal and sound insulation requirements.

Wool fiber belongs to the category of natural fibers, of animal origin and they are protein fibers, from a chemical point of view.

There are various criteria for classification and grouping of each type of fiber, especially the natural ones, given the diversity of a species, respectively at the fiber level, the degree of uniformity of the specific characteristics.

The histological structure is an important criterion for differentiating the different categories of fibers and they print a series of physical features, such as: color, gloss, matte and thermal conductivity.

From a histological point of view, the wool fiber consists of three layers arranged concentric.

in order, from the outside to the inside these layers are: cuticular, cortical and medullary. The cuticular layer (epidermicula or solzos layer) is the outer layer of the wool fiber. The role of this layer is to protect the fiber against the action of external factors; by this it contributes to the prevention of wool degradation.

The cortical layer or the inner part of the fiber is made up of keratinized, fusiform, nucleus cells, arranged longitudinally along the fiber axis and joined together by a high sulfur protein cement. This layer confers the strength, elasticity and extensibility of the fibers. Also, the cells of this layer also contain air-filled spaces, thus giving the wool fibers a lower thermal conductivity, which is why the wool products have good thermal insulation capacity.

The medullary layer occupies the central part of the fiber, which it crosses as a continuous or discontinuous channel. It is present only in wool with a diameter greater than 35 pm, being made up of irregular, polygonal cells, filled with air and pigment. The presence of air in the medullary cells gives this layer a heat-insulating role thus protecting the body from external temperature variations. The medullary canal occupies up to 90% of the diameter of the long thick fibers.

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30/07/2018 in Romania are known two breeds of sheep that belong to the Romanian area, namely Țurcana and Țigaia. Both races are representative. It is known from the latest statistics in the area of zootechnics that over three quarters of the sheep population is of turkey breed. The rest is represented by mixed breeds, obtained between Țurcană and Tigaie (Stogoșă), Țigaie and Merinos (Spancă), acclimatized Merinos and other breeds with a sporadic, unrepresentative presence.

The unbroken turquoise wool has an average fiber length of 100-350 mm, with a fiber thickness, 33-50 pm, but which varies significantly at the base at the tip of the fiber, but also within the taper of the shell, which has a conical shape. , long elongated at the tip. The ripples are poorly present, compared to other classes of wool, having a variation from 0 to 5 wrinkles / cm, considered with a higher frequency at the base of the fiber and null at the tip of the fiber. They have a low fat content compared to other fibers of other classes of wool fibers. Related to the shape of the stream, the turkey wool has a coefficient of variation at 40-50% thickness, while at length it is greater than 40-70%. The surface appearance along the fiber has particularities such as: lack of arranged scales such as awnings or tiles from the house; the presence of a mosaic appearance, unevenly contoured, with polygonal shapes, slightly rounded, which towards the top, presents two areas, one almost smooth and the other still retaining the rhombic model.

The unbleached Țigaie wool has an average fiber length of 60-120 mm, with a fiber thickness, 25-35 pm, which, within the groove on the shell, has a cylindrical shape, slightly truncated. The corrugations are present, compared to the turkey wool, with a variation between 5 and 8 curls / cm, evenly distributed, along the fiber, and which allows the fibers to be grouped into strands / bundles. They have a fat content higher than 8-15% from turkey wool.

Țigaie wool has a coefficient of variation in thickness and length, with an average of 15-20 units smaller than the one from the Turkic wool. The surface appearance along the fiber has features such as the presence of arranged scales such as awnings or tiles from the house. This surface aspect, which in cross section clearly shows an increased roughness, which enhances the adhesion of the fibers by hanging and fixing scales to the adjacent fibers. The higher the slopes the slope of the fiber surface, the greater the effect of splicing.

the seam produces compactness, respectively low volume of air.

The fact that, from one sheep breed to another, the structural characteristics of the fibers are different, including the mechanical, physico-chemical and biological potential, is required to be 2018 00556

30/07/2018 selected that fiber, from one breed or several breeds, clearly defined, which represents the optimal choice for replacing a traditional building material.

In the present case, based on the specific fiber characteristics, it was found that the wool fibers from the Turkish sheep breed lead to spectacular results in their use for making an insulating material with an optimum density in relation to the thickness of the material, in order to ensure a minimum thermal conductivity of the material. At the same time, the aim was to ensure the dimensional stability of the insulating material.

For this purpose, it was found that the thick wool fibers mixed with thermo-adhesive chemical fibers whose melting temperature is 1O ... 3O ° C lower than the thermal degradation temperature of the thick wool fiber stabilize in a three-dimensional network obtained by means of the respective thermo-adhesive chemical fibers.

Thermoadhesive chemical fibers can be low melting fiber polyester or polyamide fibers such as LMF (Low melt fiber) SD 4 Den 32 which is a type of fiber manufactured by the combined casting of general polyester and modified melting polyester.

The percentage of thermo-adhesive chemical fiber must be sufficient to give stability over time to the three-dimensional structure, especially in situations where the material is used with the supporting surface on which one side is the thickness of the unconventional textile material.

According to the present invention, the unconventional textile material comprises a mixture of fibers between 70% ... 9O% thick wool fibers and 30% ... 10% chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties, the percentages being expressed by weight.

In order to obtain an optimum density of the unconventional textile material, which would ensure the desired insulating performances, the aerodynamic processing technology, itself known, was applied to make the material in the form of a non-woven three-dimensional fibrous layer, followed by its thermal consolidation,

The complete process for obtaining unconventional thick wool fiber sheepskin material according to the invention comprises the following steps:

- The processing of coarse wool by washing, carbonizing and drying

- Uncontrolled shredding and breaking of thick washed wool

- Mixing of short wool fibers with thermo-adhesive chemical fibers

- Spray treatment of fiber mixture with substances with antistatic, antimicrobial effect and against insects and mites;

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- Formation of the fiber mixture treated in the form of a three-dimensional fibrous layer, non-woven by the aerodynamic process

- Thermal consolidation of the three-dimensional fibrous layer, non-woven by passing through a furnace at a consolidation temperature that is below the temperature at which the thermal degradation of the wool appears

- Cooling the thermally consolidated fibrous layer and processing it by cutting and rolling it for the purpose of storage and subsequent use.

Antistatic, antimicrobial and anti-mite substances used to treat fiber mixtures are common.

For example, for the antistatic effect Antistaticizer can be used, for the antimicrobial effect Devan-Bi-ome AM or RUCO Back ZPY can be used, for the mite effect Devan-Devatec can be used and for the anti-insect effect RUCO Tex KST can be used. The proportions used are the usual ones, known by a person skilled in the art.

A particularity of the process for obtaining the unconventional textile material according to the invention relates to the uncontrolled breaking step of the thick wool fibers.

The distribution of the wool fiber length has average lengths between 100-350 mm, They are on average 2-3 times larger than the thermo-adhesive chemical fiber that ensures the thermal consolidation by creating a three-dimensional random network.

In order to ensure the stabilization of the thick wool fiber in the three-dimensional network obtained by means of the respective thermo-adhesive chemical fibers, it is necessary that the wool fiber length be compatible with the length of the self-adhesive chemical fiber.

As a result, the thick washed wool is subjected to uncontrolled tearing before being mixed with thermo-adhesive chemical fibers.

Another particularity of the process for obtaining the unconventional textile material according to the invention relates to the step of forming the fiber mixture treated in the form of a three-dimensional fibrous layer, in which the positioning of the vacuum on both sides of the conveyor mesh has the effect of orienting the fibers in different positions, vertical horizontal oblique or three-dimensional and obtaining a density in the range 25 ... 33 kg / m ³ .

Finally, an essential step in the process of obtaining the unconventional textile material according to the invention refers to the step of thermal consolidation and the completion of the consolidation by cooling since it is the stage in which the network of self-adhesive chemical fibers is generated which ensures the stabilization of the wool fibers, arranged with oa 2018 00556 s

30/07/2018 certain spacing between them, spacing that is maintained throughout the use of unconventional textile material.

Depending on the specific mass, thickness and percentage of thermo-adhesive chemical fiber, the network has a certain condensed or lighter architecture, with a random arrangement of the network nodes.

In the network configuration with thermo-adhesive chemical fibers, the thick wool fibers will be fixed and stabilized in the long term because the wool fiber will be trapped in the meshes of the mesh ensuring a constant volume of air.

The following are examples of making unconventional textile material according to the invention.

The main characteristics of the indigenous wool were determined, both from the Turkish breed and from the Tigaie breed, after its washing, according to table 1.

Tabelu 1: Characteristics of washed wool fibers Nr. crt. Features washed wool Turquoise wool Wool Țigaie 1 Fat content,% 0.54 0.71 2 Humidity,% 15.61 15.24 3 Content of plant impurities,% 1.85 2.78 4 Content of mineral impurities,% 0.61 1.29 5 Nr. corrugations / cm (base - middle-tip) 4-3,1-0,6 6,2-4,8-1,8 6 Medium diameter, microns 44.990 36.057 7 CV diameter,% 47.99 38.34 8 Average length, mm 133.84 106.19 9 CV length,% 69.70 40.45

The characteristics of some thermo-adhesive chemical fibers were established, according to table 2.

Table 2: Characteristics of thermo-adhesive fibers

Nr. crt. Features thermo-adhesive synthetic fibers PES / PA 1 Length density, dtex 5,144 2 CV length density,% 2437 3 Average length, mm 29.24 4 CV length,% 1.95

The unconventional textile material according to the invention was made from Turkish breed sheep and thermo-adhesive chemical fibers, in the proportions 70% wool fiber: 30% thermo-adhesive chemical fiber, respectively 85% wool fiber: 15% thermo-adhesive chemical fiber.

In Table 3 are summarized examples of embodiments.

Table 3: V1 - variants with 70/30 wool / weight%; V3 - variants with 85/15 wool / weight% of 2018 00556

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and * you Thickness (estimated), cm Specific mass (estimated), g / m ² Coding of samples by mass density small big average 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 V1 3 500 P2 1.5 500 P3 2 800 P4 5 800 P5 6 1000 P6 3 1000 P7 4 1200 P8 7.5 1200 P9 9 1600 P10 5 1600 P11

and * you Thickness (estimated), cm Specific mass (estimated), g / m ² Coding of samples by mass density small big average 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 V3 2 500 P1 1 500 P2 3 1000 P3 5 1000 P4 10 1600 P5 4 1600 P6 8 2000 P7 16 4000 P8

*) i = 1 and i = 3 are the codes of the experiments that targeted the fiber from the turkey race. i = 2 is the code given to fiber experiments from the Țigaie breed

The main characteristics by variant are presented in table 4.

Table 4

Variant code Real values Thickness, cm Specific mass, g V1P2 2.15 24.11 V1P3 1.00 49.80 V1P4 2.70 28,69 V1P5 3.85 25.59 V1P6 5.00 25.02 V1P7 3.95 26.68 V1P8 3.95 32.26 V1P9 5.80 20.27 V1P10 9.00 17.62 V1P11 5.00 14.88

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V3P1 2.80 16.81 V3P2 1.98 24.20 V3P3 3.03 30.61 V3P4 5.00 25.36 V3P5 8.03 23.50 V3P6 6.05 32.70 V3P7 5.95 31.10 V3P8 15.60 22.28

There were tested 18 variants of unconventional textile materials obtained according to the invention, differentiated by recipe and densities used.

Option 1:

Coefficient of Conductivity

product mass (gr / sqm) Density (kg / m ³ ) Thickness (mm) Thermal (lambda) MINET-V1-P10 1500 15.71 100 .0414 MINET-V1-P6 1000 18.01 60 0.0420 MINET-v1-P10b 1500 18.27 86 0.0415 MINET-V1-P2 500 18.79 27 0.0407 MINET-V1-P9 1200 21.12 60 .0400 MINET-V1-P5 800 22.70 40 .0399 MINET-V1-P7 1000 29.71 38 0.0368 MINET-V1-P8 1200 30.67 40 0.0356 MINET-V1-P11 1600 36.04 40 .0349 MINET-V1-P3 500 46,80 10 0.0333 MINET-V1-P4 800 49.75 16 0.0319

Variant 3

product Masafgr / sqm) Density (kg / m ³ ) Thickness (mm) Thermal conductivity coefficient (lambda) MINET_V3P2 500 26.78 18 0.0363 MINET_V3P3 800 26.39 25.9 0.0365 MINET V3P4 1000 27,28 44.9 0.0360 MINET_V3P5 1600 30.19 50.7 0.0357 MINET_V3P6 1600 27.16 65 0.0362 MINET_V3P7 2000 40.01 50 .0349 MINET V3P8 4000 22.71 170 0.0368

In the figure Figure 1 is represented the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material in relation to its density. It is confirmed that the optimal domain is in the range

25 ... 33 kg / m ³ . Materials with higher densities, although in accordance with European and international standards (Ell GPP - report for the European Commission - DG Environment, 2010; Korea Ecolabel; Taiwan GreenMark), can be classified as heat-insulating materials, can have significant over time due to low densities and / or 2018 00556

30/07/2018 or loss of wool fibers from the three-dimensional network obtained by thermal consolidation.

The optimal area is characterized by a lower slope of the curve Âo, _us «» ⁼ close values of the thermal conductivity of the products (it can be seen in figure 1 that the values obtained by testing the products almost tend to overlap), which attests to the consistency of the products. in this area of densities and will subsequently ensure consistent repeatability in production, as well as facilitating testing of manufactured products by simply checking density.

Beyond the optimum range, for densities greater than 35 kg / m ³ it can be seen from figure 1 that a further increase of the material density leads to the insignificant change of the thermal conductivity coefficient, the correlation curve tending asymptotically to the abscissa. At the same time, the price of the product has a significant increase in the context of increasing the density of the product, due to the use of a larger quantity of raw material. This affects the user of the products, because the increase of the investment cannot be justified by the minor improvement of the thermotechnical characteristics.

Claims (7)

claims 1. Unconventional textile material for insulation of sheep wool fiber constructions characterized in that it is in the form of a three-dimensional non-woven fiber layer, comprising a mixture of fibers between 70% ... 9O% thick wool fibers and 30 % ... 1O% chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties, the percentages being expressed by weight, having a density in the range 25 ... 33 kg / m ³ . 2. Non-conventional textile material for insulation of constructions according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibrous layer has a thickness between 1 and 16 cm. 3. Unconventional textile material for insulating constructions according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the thick wool fibers are turquoise wool fibers. 4. Conventional textile material for insulation of constructions according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties are chosen from the chemical fibers whose melting temperature is 10 ..30 ° C lower than the thermal degradation temperature of the fiber. thick wool. 5. Conventional textile material for insulation of constructions according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the fiber mixture is treated antistatic, antimicrobial and against insects and mites. 6. Process for obtaining an unconventional textile material for insulating sheep wool fiber constructions comprising the following steps: - weighing and dosing the quantities of thick wool fibers and chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties; - breaking and mixing of thick wool fibers and chemical fibers with thermo-adhesive properties; - treating the mixture of antistatic, antimicrobial and anti-insect and mite fibers; - formation of the fiber mixture treated in the form of a three-dimensional, non-woven fibrous layer, by an aerodynamic process, itself known; 07/30/2018 to 2018 00556 - thermal consolidation of the non-woven three-dimensional fibrous layer, by passing it through a furnace maintained at the melting temperature of the chemical fiber with thermo-adhesive properties, for a period of time necessary to generate the bonding points between the fibers of the same type; - cooling of the three-dimensional, non-woven, thermally consolidated fibrous layer and its processing by cutting and rolling for later use, characterized by the fact that during the dismantling phase a shortening of the thick, uncontrolled wool fibers is made, the length approaching the length of the wool fibers semi-finished and in the formation phase of the three-dimensional, non-woven fiber layer, the aerodynamic process correlates the positioning of the vacuum on both sides of the conveyor mesh so that the fibers of the fibrous mixture are oriented inclined, vertically or three-dimensional and a three-dimensional fibrous layer is obtained , non-woven, with a density in the range 25 ... 33 kg / m ³ . 7. The use of unconventional textile material for the insulation of sheep wool fiber constructions according to claim 1 as such and for the manufacture of panels, flexible lining plates.