RO127938A0 - Mineral premix for feeding egg-laying hens - Google Patents

Mineral premix for feeding egg-laying hens Download PDF

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RO127938A0
RO127938A0 ROA201200232A RO201200232A RO127938A0 RO 127938 A0 RO127938 A0 RO 127938A0 RO A201200232 A ROA201200232 A RO A201200232A RO 201200232 A RO201200232 A RO 201200232A RO 127938 A0 RO127938 A0 RO 127938A0
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laying hens
premix
mineral premix
feeding
microelements
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ROA201200232A
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Rodica Diana Criste
Arabela Elena Untea
Margareta Olteanu
Anca Mariana Bercaru
Maria Gabriela Cornescu
Tatiana Dumitra Panaite
Cătălin Dragomir
Smaranda Toma
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Institutul Naţional De Cercetare-Dezvoltare Pentru Biologie Şi Nutriţie Animală - Ibna
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Abstract

The invention relates to a mineral premix for feeding egg-laying hens. According to the invention, the premix comprises 1400 mg/kg of inorganic manganese, 2800 mg/kg of inorganic iron, 200 mg/kg of inorganic copper, 1650 mg/kg of inorganic zinc, 50 mg/kg of cobalt as cobalt chloride, 114 mg/kg of iodine as potassium iodide, 18 mg/kg of selenium as sodium selenite, 1400 mg/kg of manganese as organometallic compounds, 2800 mg/kg of iron as organometallic compounds, 200 mg/kg of copper as organometallic compounds and 1650 mg/kg of zinc as organometallic compounds.

Description

Invenția se refera la un premix mineral inclus in nutrețul combinat care constituie hrana continua sau alternativa a găinilor ouatoare crescute in sistem intensiv.The invention relates to a mineral premix included in the combined fodder which constitutes continuous or alternative feeding of laying hens raised in an intensive system.

Sunt cunoscute nutrețurile combinate pentru hrana găinilor ouatoare crescute in baterii, care au in componenta porumb, orez, grâu, srot de soia, srot de răpită, ulei, aditiv fîtogenic, fosfat monocalcic, carbonat de calciu, sare, metionina, colina, si premix vitaminomineral. Premixul vitamino-mineral inclus in rație cu o rata de 1% conține: vitamine (vitamina A, vitamina D3, vitamina E, vitamina K, vitamina Bl, vitamina B2, pantotenat de calciu, acid nicotinic, vitamina B6, vitamina B9, vitamina B12), mineralele sub forma de săruri (oxid de mangan, sulfat feros, sulfat de cupru, oxid de zinc, clorură de cobalt, iodura de potasiu, selenit de sodiu).Combined feeds are known for feeding chickens raised in batteries, which consist of corn, rice, wheat, soybean meal, rapeseed oil, oil, phytogenic additive, monocalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, salt, methionine, choline, and premix. vitaminomineral. The vitamin-mineral premix included at a rate of 1% contains: vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B9, vitamin B12 ), minerals in the form of salts (manganese oxide, ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate, zinc oxide, cobalt chloride, potassium iodide, sodium selenite).

Nutrețurile combinate folosite in prezent in alimentația găinilor conțin in premixul mineral, microelemente precum Cu, Fe, Mn si Zn adaugate in exces pentru a mari sporul de creștere al animalului, eficienta hranei si producția de oua si pentru a preveni îmbolnăvirile. La fabricarea nutrețurilor combinate se folosesc si amestecuri (premix) de săruri minerale care de regula ating in nutret niveluri mult mai ridicate decât necesarul (NRC, 1994) speciei pentru aceste elemente.The combined feeds currently used in the feeding of chickens contain in the mineral premix, microelements such as Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn added in excess to increase the growth of the animal's growth, feed efficiency and egg production and to prevent diseases. In the manufacture of compound feeds, mixtures (premix) of mineral salts are used, which usually reach levels higher than the required (NRC, 1994) of the species for these elements.

Dezavantajul acestor premixuri incluse in nutrețurile combinate este acela ca întrucât majoritatea microelementelor in exces nu sunt absorbite de organism, concentrația acestora in dejecții este ridicata. întrucât nivelele de microelemente necesare pentru fertilizarea solului sunt in general mici, excesul ramane imobilizat in majoritatea tipurilor de sol, concentrațiile lor vor creste odata cu aplicările dejecțiilor de pasare repetate pe sol. O îngrijorare particulara este reprezentata de acumulările de Cu si Zn in unele tipuri de sol utilizat pentru anumite culturi Conform legislației europene (EC 1334/2003), Cu si Zn fac parte din categoria contaminantilor (metale grele) si conținutul lor in nutrețuri trebuie redus.The disadvantage of these premixes included in the combined feed is that since most of the excess microelements are not absorbed by the body, their concentration in the faeces is high. As the levels of microelements required for soil fertilization are generally low, the excess remains immobilized in most soil types, their concentrations will increase with the application of repeated bird droppings on the soil. A particular concern is the accumulations of Cu and Zn in some soil types used for certain crops. According to European legislation (EC 1334/2003), Cu and Zn belong to the category of contaminants (heavy metals) and their content in feed must be reduced.

Problema tehnica pe care o rezolva invenția revendicata consta in înlăturarea dezavantajelor aduse de folosirea sărurilor minerale in premixurile minerale din nutrețurile combinate pentru găini ouatoare, prin diminuarea cantitatilor de microelemente excretate fara a afecta performantele zootehnice ale animalelor sau calitatea produselor obținute prin exploatarea acestora.The technical problem solved by the claimed invention consisted of removing the disadvantages of using mineral salts in the mineral premixes of the combined feeds for laying hens, by reducing the quantities of micro-elements excreted without affecting the zootechnical performances of the animals or the quality of the obtained products.

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Prezentam in continuare exemplu de realizare a unui premix mineral conform invenției revendicate.The following is an example of the realization of a mineral premix according to the claimed invention.

Premixul mineral conform invenției revendicate conține: minerale sub forma de săruri anorganice (oxid de mangan, sulfat feros, sulfat de cupru, oxid de zinc, clorură de cobalt, iodură de potasiu, selenit de sodiu) si minerale din compuși organici (compuși organometalici ai cuprului, fierului, manganului si zincului).The mineral premix according to the claimed invention contains: minerals in the form of inorganic salts (manganese oxide, ferrous sulfate, copper sulphate, zinc oxide, cobalt chloride, potassium iodide, sodium selenite) and minerals from organic compounds (organometallic compounds of copper, iron, manganese and zinc).

Premixul, conform invenției are ca obiectiv obținerea dejecțiilor de gaina cu conținut redus de microelemente (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) cu efect poluant asupra solului, prin scăderea ponderii de săruri minerale anorganice si includerea compușilor organometalici ai Cu-lui, Feului, Μη-ului si Zn-ului cu aminoacizi. Rata de includere a fost calculata astfel incat concentrațiile de microelemente din rație sa atinga nivelul recomandat pentru găinile ouatoare (NRC, 1994).The premise, according to the invention aims to obtain the hive manure with a low content of microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) with polluting effect on the soil, by decreasing the weight of inorganic mineral salts and including the organometallic compounds of Cu, Fe, Μη and Zn with amino acids. The inclusion rate was calculated so that the concentrations of microelements in the ration reached the recommended level for laying hens (NRC, 1994).

Biodisponibilitatea elementelor minerale este puternic afectată de forma sub care se regăsesc în hrană (ingesta) deoarece acest aspect este decisiv în procesul de absorbție și în potențarea acțiunii antagoniste dintre mineralele prezente în tractusul digestiv.The bioavailability of mineral elements is strongly affected by the form in which they are found in food (ingestion) because this aspect is decisive in the absorption process and in the potentiation of the antagonistic action between the minerals present in the digestive tract.

Microelementele sunt necesare în cantități mici în rație iar cerințele sunt exprimate în mg/zi sau mg/Kg rație. Fierul, Cu, Zn, Mn, sunt, de obicei, incluse în premixurile minerale la nivele care asigură „ beneficii economice”. Aceste nivele sunt de 3-4 ori mai mari decât cerințele. De exemplu, sărurile anorganice de Cu și Zn, considerate metale grele cu potențial toxic pentru mediu, în accepțiunea documentelor UE, sunt folosite în exces datorită rolului lor de promotori de creștere dar și din practica de a adăuga cantități mari de premixuri chimice pentru asigurarea unor marje largi de siguranță „economică”. în concluzie, dejecțiile sunt foarte concentrate în aceste elemente, în relație direct proporțională cu nivelul din hrană.Microelements are needed in small quantities in ration and the requirements are expressed in mg / day or mg / Kg ration. Iron, Cu, Zn, Mn, are usually included in mineral premixes at levels that provide "economic benefits". These levels are 3-4 times higher than the requirements. For example, the inorganic salts of Cu and Zn, considered heavy metals with potential toxicity for the environment, in the acceptance of EU documents, are used excessively due to their role as growth promoters but also from the practice of adding large quantities of chemical premixes to ensure certain wide margins of "economic" security. In conclusion, the manure is very concentrated in these elements, in relation directly proportional to the level of the food.

Atât în Uniunea Europeana cât și în alte țări dezvoltate există o legislație restrictivă față de folosirea premixurilor minerale anorganice la nivele ridicate și surse suspectate ca având un anumit factor de risc asupra sănătății animalelor dar și ca fiind potențiali agenți de poluare.Both in the European Union and in other developed countries there is restrictive legislation regarding the use of inorganic mineral premixes at high levels and sources suspected as having a certain risk factor on animal health but also as potential pollutants.

Absorbția intestinală a metalelor apare în duoden. După pătrunderea în celulele intestinale, metalele sunt eliberate de proteine intracelulare pentru a fi transferate în intestin și circulația sangvină, unde alți purtători le transportă către organele țintă. în această etapă, metalele cu structură electronică similară pot concura, de exemplu Fe și Cu. Microelementele, în lumenul tractusului gastrointestinal se află, de cele mai multe ori legate în compuși organici din rație sau de origine endogenă. Unii dintre acești compuși organici, ca aminoacizii liberi,Intestinal absorption of metals occurs in the duodenum. After penetration into the intestinal cells, the metals are released by intracellular proteins to be transferred to the intestine and to the bloodstream, where other carriers transport them to the target organs. At this stage, metals with similar electronic structure can compete, for example Fe and Cu. Microelements, in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, are most often linked in organic compounds of ration or of endogenous origin. Some of these organic compounds, such as free amino acids,

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pot ajuta absorbția metalelor prin menținerea solubilității lor în timpul parcurgerii zonei de absorbție.they can help the absorption of metals by maintaining their solubility during the absorption zone.

Folosirea compușilor organometalici in furajul găinilor ouatoare, pleacă de la constatarea că în natură, mineralele se regăsesc atât în plante cât și în corpul animal, sub formă de chelați ai proteinelor. Funcțiile lor în organism sunt îndeplinite prin acești chelați de natură proteică.The use of organometallic compounds in the feeding of laying hens, starts from the finding that in nature, minerals are found both in plants and in the animal body, in the form of protein chelates. Their functions in the body are accomplished by these chelates of a protein nature.

Compușii anorganici utilizați în prezent ca suplimente minerale furajere (aditivi furajeri) trebuie să sufere o hidroliză în sucul digestiv. Odată realizată solubilizarea, ionul metalic devine foarte sensibil la orice reacție de natură oxido-reductivă care poate să apară în mediul de reacție și sunt disponibili, din punct de vedere chimic, să fie legați organic de către orice ligand existent în sucul stomacal înainte de intrarea în duoden. înlocuirea metalelor din surse anorganice cu suplimente organice (forme prechelatate sau complecși) duce la prevenirea formării precipitatelor în tractusul digestiv, cu compuși insolubili cum sunt fitații sau fibrele insolubile. Metalul trebuie să fie legat într-un compus solubil care poate transfera ioni către membranele legate proteic care funcționează ca liganzi de transport.Inorganic compounds currently used as feed mineral supplements (feed additives) must undergo hydrolysis in the digestive juices. Once solubilized, the metal ion becomes highly sensitive to any oxidative-reductive reaction that may occur in the reaction medium and is chemically available to be organically bound by any existing ligand in the stomach juice prior to entry. in the duodenum. The replacement of metals from inorganic sources with organic supplements (pre-chelated or complex forms) leads to the prevention of precipitate formation in the digestive tract, with insoluble compounds such as phytates or insoluble fibers. The metal must be bound in a soluble compound that can transfer ions to the protein-bound membranes that function as transport ligands.

Materiile prime pentru fabricarea unui premix mineral sunt: sulfatul de Mn (3100 8000 mg / kg Mn provenit din sulfat), sulfat de Fe (II) (4000 - 8000 mg / kg Fe provenit din sulfat), sulfat de Cu (500 - 600 mg / kg Cu provenit din sulfat), oxid de Zn (4800 - 6000 mg / kg Zn provenit din oxid), 10 - 50 mg / kg Co, 61 - 152 mg / kg I, 9 - 18 mg / kg Se.The raw materials for the manufacture of a mineral premix are: Mn sulphate (3100 8000 mg / kg Mn from sulfate), Fe (II) sulfate (4000 - 8000 mg / kg Fe from sulfate), Cu (500 - 600 sulfate) mg / kg With sulphate), Zn oxide (4800 - 6000 mg / kg Zn from oxide), 10 - 50 mg / kg Co, 61 - 152 mg / kg I, 9 - 18 mg / kg Se.

Utilizarea premixului mineral conform invenției revendicate intr-un experiment desfasurat pe găini ouatoareUse of the mineral premix according to the invention claimed in an experiment carried out on laying hens

Testul experimental s-a efectuat pe un număr de 80 găini ouatoare, rasa Lohmann Brown, in varsta de 29 de saptamani, timp de 84 de zile. Păsările au fost impartite in 2 loturi: martor M, experimental E a cate 40 capete/lot, cazate in baterii structurate pe trei nivele permițând înregistrarea zilnică a ingestei si a producției de oua. Iluminatul halei experimentale s-a asigurat după o schemă cu până la 16 ore lumină zilnic, iar temperatura a fost de 25° C, pe toată perioada experimentală. Păsările au primit un nutret combinat martor (M) structurat pe: porumb, srot floarea soarelui, srot soia, gluten porumb, ulei vegetal si un nutret combinat experimental (E) diferențiat de nutrețul M prin includerea de compuși organo metalici ai microelementelor (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) cu aminoacizi. Structura nutrețurilor combinate a fost calculata pe baza determinărilor de compoziție chimică a materiilor prime furajere utilizând un model matematic de alcătuire a rațiilor de hrana la păsări (Burlacu siThe experimental test was performed on a number of 80 laying hens, the Lohmann Brown breed, aged 29 weeks, for 84 days. The birds were divided into 2 groups: control M, experimental E of 40 heads / lot, housed in batteries structured on three levels allowing daily recording of ingestion and egg production. The lighting of the experimental room was ensured according to a scheme with up to 16 hours of light daily, and the temperature was 25 ° C, throughout the experimental period. The birds received a combined control fodder (M) structured on: corn, sunflower, soybean, corn gluten, vegetable oil and an experimental combined fodder (E) differentiated from the M fodder by including metallic organo-micro compounds (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) with amino acids. The structure of the combined feeds was calculated based on the chemical composition determinations of the feed materials using a mathematical model of the composition of the feed rations in birds (Burlacu and

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colab., 1999) in conformitate cu cerințele nutriționale (NRC, 1994) recomandate pentru creșterea intensivă a acestei categorii de păsări.et al., 1999) according to the nutritional requirements (NRC, 1994) recommended for intensive breeding of this category of birds.

Consumul de hrana si producția de oua s-au înregistrat zilnic. Conform prevederilor protocolului de lucru, după fiecare șarja de nutret combinat fabricata, in a doua saptamana de furajare s-au înregistrat si recoltat zilnic dejecțiile din care s-au constituit probe medii saptamanale/ cușca. Atât probele de nutrețuri combinate cat si cele de fecale au fost analizate chimic. După uscare la 65°C, probele au fost aduse prin dezagregare cu microunde in soluția din care Cu, Fe, Mn si Zn s-au determinat prin spectrometrie de absorbție atomica cu flacara. Plecând de la înregistrarea cantitatiilor zilnice de dejecții si a analizei lor chimice s-a determinat gradul de încărcare cu microelemente. Pentru prelucarile statistice a rezultatelor experimentale privind parametrii zootehnici si parametrii calitativi ai oualor s-a utilizat soft-ul STATVIEW.Food consumption and egg production were recorded daily. According to the provisions of the working protocol, after each batch of combined feed produced, in the second feeding week were recorded and harvested daily the faeces from which were weekly average samples / cage. Both the fodder and fecal samples were chemically analyzed. After drying at 65 ° C, the samples were brought by microwave disaggregation in the solution of which Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Starting from the recording of daily quantities of manure and their chemical analysis, the degree of microelement loading was determined. For statistical processing of the experimental results regarding the zootechnical parameters and the qualitative parameters of the eggs, the STATVIEW software was used.

Nivelurile de microelemente (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) din nutrețurile combinate asigurate prin premixurile mineraleLevels of microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in the combined feed provided by the mineral premixes

Sursa de microelement Source of microelement Premix M Press M Premix E Press E CUPRU(m Copper (I g / kg furaj) g / kg feed) Cu din sulfat de Cu Cu from sulphate of Cu 6 6 2 2 Cu din compus organometalic With organometallic compound 0 0 2 2 Cerința NRC (1994) NRC requirement (1994) 4 4 4 4 FIER (mg IRON (mg / kg furaj) / kg feed) Fe din sulfat de Fe Fe from Fe sulphate 60 60 28 28 Fe din compus organometalic Fe from organometallic compound 0 0 28 28 Cerința NRC (1994) NRC requirement (1994) 56 56 56 56 MANGAN (mg / kg furaj) Manganese (mg / kg feed) Mn din sulfat de Mn Mn from sulphate of Mn 71,9 71.9 14 14 Mn din compus organometalic Mn from organometallic compound 0 0 14 14 Cerința NRC (1994) NRC requirement (1994) 28 28 28 28 ZINC (mg ZINC (mg / kg furaj) / kg feed) Zn din oxid de Zn Zn from Zn oxide 60 60 16,5 16.5 Zn din compus organometalic Zn from organometallic compound 0 0 16,5 16.5 Cerința NRC (1994) NRC requirement (1994) 33 33 33 33

Premixul mineral, conform invenției revendicate, are o culoare galben cenușie, miros si gust normale, granulatie fina si este caracterizat de structura prezentata in tabelul de mai jos comparativ cu structura unui premix mineral convențional (Premix M):The mineral premix, according to the claimed invention, has a pale yellow color, normal odor and taste, fine grain and is characterized by the structure presented in the table below compared to the structure of a conventional mineral premix (Premix M):

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Compoziția premixurilor minerale folosite in fabricarea nutrețurilor combinate M respectiv EComposition of mineral premixes used in the manufacture of combined feeds M and E respectively

Parametru Parameter UM UM Premix M Press M Premix E Press E Mangan Manganese mg / kg premix mg / kg premix 7190 7190 1400 1400 Fier Iron mg / kg premix mg / kg premix 6000 6000 2800 2800 Cupru Copper mg / kg premix mg / kg premix 600 600 200 two hundred Zinc Zinc mg / kg premix mg / kg premix 6000 6000 1650 1650 Chelat de Mangan Manganese chelate mg / kg premix mg / kg premix - - 1400 1400 Chelat de Fier Iron Chelate mg / kg premix mg / kg premix - - 2800 2800 Chelat de Cupru Copper chelate mg / kg premix mg / kg premix - - 200 two hundred Chelat de Zinc Zinc chelate mg / kg premix mg / kg premix - - 1650 1650 Cobalt Cobalt mg / kg premix mg / kg premix 50 50 50 50 Iod Iodine mg / kg premix mg / kg premix 114 114 114 114 Seleniu Selenium mg / kg premix mg / kg premix 18 18 18 18

Rezultatele obținute in ceea ce privește performantele bioproductive arata ca atat consumul mediu zilnic cat si consumul specific si producția de oua au fost mai mici, dar nesemnificativ, in cazul lotului experimental. Parametrii calitativi ai oului nu s-au diferențiat semnificativ intre loturi.The results obtained regarding the bioproductive performances show that both the average daily consumption and the specific consumption and the egg production were lower, but insignificant, in the experimental group. The qualitative parameters of the egg did not differ significantly between groups.

Performante bioproductive ale găinilor si parametrii calitativi ai oului (val medii/ou)Bioproductive performance of hens and egg quality parameters (medium wave / egg)

Determinare Determination M M E E Consum mediu zilnic (g/ zi/ gaina) Average daily consumption (g / day / gain) 125.44 ±7.8 125.44 ± 7.8 123.24 ±7.5 123.24 ± 7.5 Consum specific (g furaj/ g ou) Specific consumption (g feed / g egg) 1.90 ±0.2 1.90 ± 0.2 1.90 ±0.2 1.90 ± 0.2 Producție oua (nr. oua/ zi/ gaina) Egg production (number of eggs / day / chicken) 0.73 ±0.1 0.73 ± 0.1 0.69 ±0.1 0.69 ± 0.1 Greutate ou (g) Weight (g) 61.20 ±3.4 61.20 ± 3.4 61.18 ± 3.5 61.18 ± 3.5 Grosime coaja ou (mm) Thickness of shell (mm) 0.31 ±0.02 0.31 ± 0.02 0.32 ± 0.02 0.32 ± 0.02 Unitatea Haugh Haugh unit 74.13 ± 13.0 74.13 ± 13.0 74.86 ± 10.0 74.86 ± 10.0 Culoare Color 4.92 ± 1.0 4.92 ± 1.0 5.02 ± 1.1 5.02 ± 1.1 pH albuș pH white 8.37 ±0.2 8.37 ± 0.2 8.38 ±0.33 8.38 ± 0.33

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In comparație cu nivelul microelementelor din furajul lotului M unde au fost adaugate printr-un premix anorganic comercial, la lotul experimental au fost, mai mici avand in vedere ca s-au asigurat la nivelul cerințelor (NRC, 1994). Cea mai drastica scădere, aproape 50% fata de M, este in cazul Mn lui.Compared with the level of microelements in the feed of group M where they were added through a commercial inorganic premix, they were smaller in the experimental group, given that they were provided at the requirements level (NRC, 1994). The most drastic decrease, almost 50% compared to M, is in Mn's case.

Concentrațiile de microelemente in nutrețurile combinate (M si E) pentru găini ouatoareMicroelement concentrations in combined feed (M and E) for laying hens

Cu With Fe Fe Mn Mn Zn Zn M (mg / kg) M (mg / kg) 16.25 16.25 240.89 240.89 152.85 152.85 113.04 113.04 E (mg / kg) E (mg / kg) 12.57 12.57 239.1 239.1 79.22 79.22 80.99 80.99 E (% din M) E (% of M) 77,40 77.40 99,26 99.26 51,83 51.83 71,65 71.65

Raportând concentrațiile de minerale din furaje la consumul înregistrat pe perioada studiata, s-au obtinut datele privind ingesta zilnica de minerale.Reporting the concentrations of minerals from feed to consumption during the studied period, data on daily intake of minerals were obtained.

Ingesta de microelemente pentru cele doua loturi experimentale de găini ouatoareIntake of microelements for the two experimental batches of laying hens

Cupru Copper Fier Iron Mangan Manganese Zinc Zinc M (mg/zi/cap) M (mg / day / head) 1,67 1.67 24,70 24.70 15,67 15.67 11,59 11.59 E (mg/zi/cap) E (mg / day / head) 1,24 1.24 23,55 23,55 7,80 7.80 7,98 7.98

In ceea ce privește concentrația de minerale in dejecții se observa ca încărcătură de microelemente in dejecții a fost redusa la lotul experimental. Pentru Mn si Zn, s-a înregistrat si cea mai drastica scădere a nivelului in rația lotului experimental comparativ cu rația M.Regarding the concentration of minerals in the manure it was observed that the load of microelements in the manure was reduced in the experimental group. For Mn and Zn, there was also the most drastic decrease in the level in the ration of the experimental group compared to the M ration.

Concentrațiile de microelemente in dejecțiile păsărilor din cele doua loturi experimentaleThe concentrations of microelements in the poultry manure from the two experimental groups

Cupru Copper Fier Iron Mangan Manganese Zinc Zinc M (mg/kg) M (mg / kg) 38,07 38.07 680,80 680.80 355,92 355.92 315,10 315.10 E (mg/kg) E (mg / kg) 35,30 35.30 647,46 647.46 281,63 281.63 273,91 273.91

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Raportând concentrațiile de minerale din dejecții la cantitatile de dejecții înregistrate pe perioada studiata, s-au obtinut datele privind eliminarea de minerale prin dejecții.By comparing the concentrations of minerals from the manure to the quantities of manure recorded during the studied period, the data on the elimination of minerals by manure were obtained.

Eliminarea microelementelor prin dejecțiiElimination of microelements by manure

Cupru Copper Fier Iron Mangan Manganese Zinc Zinc M (mg/zi/cap) M (mg / day / head) 1,22 1.22 21,67 21.67 11,26 11.26 10,13 10.13 E (mg/zi/cap) E (mg / day / head) 1,10 1.10 20,06 20.06 8,69 8.69 8,39 8.39 E (% din M) E (% of M) 89,70 89.70 92,58 92.58 77,22 77.22 84,60 84.60

Raportarea procentuala a cantitatilor de minerale eliminate pentru lotul experimental la cele corespunzătoare lotului M arata ca:The percentage ratio of the quantities of minerals removed for the experimental group to those corresponding to group M shows that:

• pentru cupru·, deși concentrația de cupru in furajul administrat loturilor experimentale a scăzut in medie cu 22,6% iar cantitatea de Cu ingerata a scăzut cu o medie de 25,75%, in dejecții, cantitatea de cupru eliminata a scăzut cu 10,3%.• for copper ·, although the concentration of copper in the feed administered to experimental groups decreased on average by 22.6% and the amount of ingested Cu decreased by an average of 25.75%, in the manure, the amount of copper removed decreased by 10 ,3%.

•pentru fier: deși cantitatea ingerata a fost redusa la loturile experimentale cu 4,65%, concentrația de fier in dejecții a scăzut cu 4,9% iar cantitatea de fier eliminata a scăzut cu 7,42%. Pentru concentrațiile de fier din dejecții cat si pentru cantitatile eliminate, nu s-au înregistrat diferente semnificative intre loturi.• for iron: although the ingested quantity was reduced in the experimental groups by 4.65%, the iron concentration in the manure decreased by 4.9% and the amount of iron removed decreased by 7.42%. For the iron concentrations in the manure as well as for the eliminated quantities, there were no significant differences between the lots.

• pentru mangan; concentrația din NC-urile loturilor experimentale a fost redusa, fata de M, cu aproximativ 48%, concentrația de mangan in dejecții a scăzut cu 20,87% iar cantitatea de Mn eliminata a scăzut cu 22,78%.• for manganese; the concentration in the NCs of the experimental groups was reduced, compared to M, by about 48%, the manganese concentration in the manure decreased by 20.87% and the amount of Mn eliminated decreased by 22.78%.

• pentru zinc; cantitatea de zinc ingerata de loturile experimentale a fost cu aproximativ 31,15 % mai mica decât ingesta lotului M. In aceste condiții, fata de eliminarea la lotul M, la lotul experimental s-au înregistrat cantitati mai mici de Zn eliminat cu 15,4%.• for zinc; the amount of zinc ingested by the experimental groups was approximately 31.15% lower than the intake of group M. In these conditions, compared to the elimination in group M, in the experimental group smaller quantities of Zn were eliminated by 15.4 %.

Claims (3)

1. Premix mineral pentru alimentația găinilor ouatoare caracterizat prin aceea ca are un continui de 200 - 2800 mg / kg microelemente (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) provenite din săruri anorganice si 200 - 2800 mg / kg microelemente (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) provenite din compuși organometalici.1. Mineral premix for the feeding of laying hens characterized in that it has a continuum of 200 - 2800 mg / kg microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) from inorganic salts and 200 - 2800 mg / kg microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn) , Zn) from organometallic compounds. 2. Premixul mineral pentru alimentația găinilor ouatoare conform revendicării nr. 1 este caracterizat printr-un continui de: 1400 mg / kg mangan provenit din sulfat, 2800 mg / kg fier provenit din sulfat, 200 mg / kg cupru provenit din sulfat, 1650 mg / kg zinc provenit din oxid, 50 mg / kg cobalt, 114 mg / kg iod, 18 mg / kg seleniu, 1400 mg / kg mangan provenit din compuși organometalici, 2800 mg / kg fier provenit compuși organometalici, 200 mg / kg cupru provenit din compuși organometalici, 1650 mg / kg zinc provenit din compuși organometalici.2. The mineral premix for the feeding of laying hens according to claim no. 1 is characterized by a continuum of: 1400 mg / kg manganese from sulfate, 2800 mg / kg iron from sulfate, 200 mg / kg copper from sulfate, 1650 mg / kg zinc from oxide, 50 mg / kg cobalt , 114 mg / kg iodine, 18 mg / kg selenium, 1400 mg / kg manganese from organometallic compounds, 2800 mg / kg iron from organometallic compounds, 200 mg / kg copper from organometallic compounds, 1650 mg / kg zinc from compounds organometallic. 3. Premix mineral pentru alimentația găinilor ouatoare conform revendicărilor 1, 2 cu efect in scăderea cantitatilor de microelemente (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), in special cele cu caracter toxic (Cu si Zn) din dejecțiile găinilor ouatoare crescute in sistem intensiv. Premixul mineral pentru alimentația găinilor ouatoare reprezintă o soluție împotriva poluării cu metale grele a solului si apelor de suprafața, in sectorul zootehnic3. Mineral premix for the feeding of laying hens according to claims 1, 2, with effect in reducing the amounts of microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), especially those with toxic character (Cu and Zn) from the laying of laying hens raised in intensive system. The mineral premix for the feeding of laying hens represents a solution against heavy metal pollution of soil and surface water, in the livestock sector
ROA201200232A 2012-03-30 2012-03-30 Mineral premix for feeding egg-laying hens RO127938A0 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104431512A (en) * 2014-12-05 2015-03-25 熙悦山农业科技(北京)有限公司 Feed for hens laying selenium-rich eggs

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104431512A (en) * 2014-12-05 2015-03-25 熙悦山农业科技(北京)有限公司 Feed for hens laying selenium-rich eggs

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