RO127894B1 - Npk type extraradicular fertilizer with humic substances, process for obtaining and method for applying the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fertilizer, a process for obtaining the same and a method for application. According to the invention, the fertilizer comprises 55.6...165.69 g/l total nitrogen, 32.41...70.2 g/l phosphorus pentoxide, 30.92...58.4 g/l potassium oxide and microelements consisting of copper, zinc, iron, manganese and magnesium, completely chelated with disodium salt EDTA, boron, sulphur and 23.65...35.89 g/l of organic substances of which 8.04...20.09 g/l of humic substances. The process claimed by the invention consists in neutralizing the phosphoric acid of 85% concentration with 98% potassium carbonate, while continuously stirring at 28...30°C, to result a solution containing a monopotassium phosphate:dipotassium phosphate ratio = 0.75:2.30 to which there is added urea and ammonium sulphate, a solution of microelements chelated with disodium salt EDTA, glucose and a potassium humate solution having a concentration of 40.2 g/l of humic acids and 7...8 g/l of potassium oxide. The method for the application of the fertilizer consists in administering an aqueous fertilizer solution with a concentration of 0.01...25%, in an amount of 200...10000 l/ha, depending on the fertilizer type, crop and vegetation stage.

Description

The invention relates to a complex, liquid fertilizer, consisting of a complex matrix containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, with the addition of meso and magnesium microelements, sulfur, iron, zinc, copper, boron, manganese, chelates and humic substances extracted from the mass. carbonaceous, to the process of obtaining the fertilizer and to a method of applying it.

The complex, liquid fertilizer with humic substances is applied extraradicular by spraying on leaves or root, by incorporation in the soil, fertilization or watering in drops.

There are known, from the patents R0 108953, RO 93426, RO91355, R0198954, numerous processes for obtaining complex fertilizers, liquids, with extraradicular application, with fertilizing properties, containing macro-elements: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, microelements as iron zinc, manganese, boron, cobalt, nickel, chelated molybdenum consisting of obtaining their potassium u and ammonium phosphates by neutralizing phosphoric acid with ammonia, carbonate or potassium hydroxide, adding urea to provide nitrogen in the form of amide and microelements in the form of sulphates or nitrates that provide additional fertilization by extradicular application and / or correction of nutritional deficiencies, especially in microelements of plants.

Patents RO 103652, RO 95689, RO 116080, RO 116081, RO 116189, US 5302180, US 7198805, a wide range of extraradicular fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microelements, which also contain natural organic substances or Syntheses, plant extracts, protein or gluco-protein hydrolyzates, naphthenates, polycarboxylic acids or polyols, humic substances, introduced to stimulate the metabolism of nutrients and to facilitate the absorption and penetration into the leaves of ionic species or molecules.

In the literature there are presented methods for obtaining their extraradic fertilizers consisting of obtaining primary and / or secondary phosphates of ammonium, ammonium and potassium, with the addition of urea and microelements, polycarboxylic organic acids, ethanolamines, carbohydrates, for example, in patents. R0108953, R0113846, R0116082, R0118953, respectively, with microelements Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mg, Co and natural humic substances extracted from lignite, leonardite or lignosulfonates, for example in US patent 7198805 and patent application WO 2008/053339, US 2008/0160111 ,. WO 97/49288.

It is known that meso- and microelements such as iron, copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and manganese chelated with humic substances are more readily absorbed by plants, and the presence of human beings / fulvous destroys or reduces bacteria, viruses, fungi or other pathogenic factors then. when applied to plants by foliar treatments.

The application of humic substances in the soil leads to the improvement of the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics and helps to a better assimilation of the nutrients by the plants.

The humic substances provide an energetic substrate for carrying out the activity of the microflora in the area of the rhizosphere and represent an important chelating agent for the metal ions, but also for the formation of the organo-metallic compounds with B, Cu, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mo, Zn with a role important in forming and ensuring soil properties, thus improving its soil fertility and physico-chemical characteristics, while preventing its degradation.

Patents RO 108954, RO 111931, RO 113934, RO 116080, RO 116083, R0116084, R0116189, R0 123026 describe fertilizers containing lignosulphonates or naphthenes as a source of organic substances. Also, there are fertilizing compositions that contain natural plant or animal substances of a protein nature, used by extra-root application, as evidenced by the patents RO 116081, RO 123139, RO 123140, RO 112610.

Some of the liquid fertilizers contain synthetic organic substances, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - EDTA or some of its salts, according to RO 108341, RO113846, RO116082). The role of these substances is to maintain nutrient species, mezo and microelements in solution and to facilitate their absorption by plants through the foliar system.

RO 127894 Β1

Patent RO120403 relates to fertilizing solutions containing, as an organic part, 0.03 ... 0.05 amino acids of protein hydrolyzate and 0.2 ... 0.35 g / l ammonium humate obtained from peat, and Patents RO 109643, RO 122356 and RO 122355 refer to solid coal-based fertilizers, also containing humic substances.

There are numerous patents that have the subject of separating, obtaining and applying fertilizers with humic acid and fulvic substances, and some of the most recent, US 0232345, US 7678160, EP 1144342, WO2011 / 007319, WO 2009/053625, describe methods of preparing the fertilizers with humic and / or fulvic substances, as well as their chelating properties.

Also, RO 127192 describes a fertilizer with humic substances, containing total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, microelements: iron, zinc, copper, manganese, magnesium complexed with EDTA disodium salt and organic substances, the resulting fertilizer having a pH = 6.8 ... 8.4. The process for obtaining it consists in neutralizing the solution and the cake containing humic and fulvic acids with potassium carbonate, after which to the mixture thus obtained, a solution of complexes and microelements complexed with EDTA disodium salt is added, and finally urea is added.

The technical problem solved by the invention consists in obtaining complex and physically-chemically stable fertilizer compositions based on meso- and microelements and humic substances.

The complex fertilizer, liquid, with foliar or root application, according to the invention, eliminates the mentioned disadvantages, in that it consists of 55,6 ... 165,69 g / l total nitrogen, of which up to 21.37 g / l nitrogen in ammoniacal form, and the rest of nitrogen in amide form, 32.41 ... 70.2 g / l phosphorus pentaoxide, 30.92 ... 58.4 g / l potassium oxide and microelements: up to 0.22 g / l copper, 0.05 ... 0.21 g / l zinc, up to 0.65 g / l iron, up to 0.41 g / l manganese, 0.11 ... 0.82 g / l magnesium, completely chelated with the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.15 ... 0.51 g / l boron, up to 20 g / l glucose, 1.09 ... 63.83 g / l sulf as SO ₃ ,

23.65 .. .35.89 g / l organic substances, of which 8.04 ... 20.09 humic substances and a pH =

6.5 .. ..7.5.

The process for obtaining the complex, liquid, foliar or root application fertilizer, according to the invention, consists in neutralizing 85% phosphoric acid with 98% potassium carbonate, resulting in a solution containing mono- and dipotassium phosphate in a KH ₂ PO mass ratio. ₄ : K ₂ HPO ₄ = 0.55 ... 2.30, the reaction taking place under continuous stirring and at a constant temperature of 25 ... 30 ° C, adding gradually, keeping the temperature at 28 ... 30 ^ 0 , of urea as a source of nitrogen in amide form, of ammonium sulphate as a source of ammoniacal nitrogen and of sulfur, resulting in a complex mixture of macroelements, after which the microelements are added: copper, in the form of CuSO _4. 5H ₂ O, zinc, sub in the form of ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, iron, in the form of FeSO ₄ , 7H ₂ O, manganese, in the form of Mn (SO ₄ ). H ₂ O, magnesium in the form of Mg (SO ₄ ). 7H ₂ O, completely chelated with the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, boron, in the form of Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ .10H ₂ O, optionally glucose, and finally, after homogenization of the solution, add the solution of potassium humate with a concentration of 40.2 g / l humic acids and 7 .. .8 g / K ₂ O, and then the volume of the solution is brought to one liter.

The method of applying the complex, liquid fertilizer according to the invention consists in the fact that the product is administered in the form of aqueous solution of concentration 0.01 ... 25% as 200 ... 10000 l / ha, depending on the process of foliar or root fertilization, the type of crop and the vegetation phase of the plant.

The complex, liquid fertilizer according to the invention is perfectly miscible with water, as well as with a wide range of plant protection products, with a balanced ratio in macronutrients, a high concentration in microelements, which favors the rapid additional nutrition of plants depending on the method of application. and vegetation phases.

RO 127894 Β1

By applying the invention, the nutrition of the plants is optimized, the root and extraradicular vegetative development is stimulated, the resistance of the plants to the climatic and technical stress factors increases.

5 non-limiting examples of the invention are given below:

Example 1. As a source of organic substances with chelating properties, a solution of humic substances containing potassium humates and fulvates, obtained from lignite by extraction with a solution of potassium hydroxide, was used.

75.4 g phosphoric acid 85% is neutralized with 60.2 g potassium carbonate concentration 98%, resulting in a solution containing monopotassium and dipotassium phosphate with a ratio KH ₂ PO ₄ : K ₂ HP4 = 0.5, the reaction occurring under continuous stirring and at a constant temperature of 25. ..30 ° C, the gradual addition, keeping the temperature at 28., .30 ° C, 197.6 g urea as a nitrogen source in amide form, resulting in a solution of macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and a pH = 6.2 ... 6.5, which is cooled to 2O ... 25 ° C.

In 75 cm ³ demineralized water, 7.26 g of the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is dissolved, under continuous stirring until the solution is cleared and then 0.24 g / l of copper in the form of CuSO ₄ 5H ₂ is added for one liter of fertilizer. O, 0.22 g / l zinc as ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, 1.24 g / l iron as FeSO ₄ , 7H ₂ O, 0.49 g / l manganese as Mn (SO ₄ ) .H ₂ O, 1.13 g / l of magnesium as Mg (SO ₄₎ .7H ₂ O, 1.86 g / l of boron in the form of Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ .10H ₂ 0, 20 g glucose and stir for one hour to chelate the micro-elements, and after clearing the solution, add 400 ml of potassium humate solution of concentration 40.2 g / l humic acids and 7 g / K ₂ O.

The solution of microelements and humic substances is added under continuous stirring over the macroelement solution containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, brought to a volume of 1 liter with demineralized water.

The complex fertilizer, obtained according to the invention, has the following characteristics: 91.3 g / l total nitrogen, 64.42 g / l phosphorus pentaoxide, 43.23 g / l potassium oxide and micro-elements 0.06 g / l copper, 0 , 05 g / l zinc, 0.25 g / l iron, 0.16 g / l manganese, 0.11 g / l magnesium, completely chelated with disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.21 g / l boron, 1, 09 g / l sulfur as SO ₃ , 42.34 g / l organic substances, of which 16.07 humic substances and a pH = 6.5 .... 7.5.

Example 2.114 g phosphoric acid concentration 85% is neutralized with 85 g potassium carbonate concentration 98%, resulting in a solution containing monopotassium and dipotassium phosphate with a ratio KH ₂ PO ₄ : K ₂ HPO ₄ = 2.34, the reaction taking place under continuous stirring and at a constant temperature of 25 ... 30 ° C, adding gradually, keeping the temperature at

28 ... 30 ° C, 250 g urea as a source of nitrogen in amid form, 80 g ammonium sulphate as a source of ammoniacal nitrogen and sulfur, resulting in a solution of macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and a pH = 6.2 ... 6.5, which is cooled to 2O ... 25 ° C.

In 75 cm ³ demineralized water, dissolve 18.09 g of the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, under continuous stirring until the solution is cleared and then add 0.63 g / l of copper in the form of CuSO ₄ .5H for one liter of fertilizer. ₂ O, 0.66 g / l zinc as ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, 3.23 g / l iron as FeSO ₄ , 7H ₂ O, 0.80 g / l manganese as Mn (SO ₄ ) .H ₂ O, 3.18 g / l magnesium as Mg (SO ₄ ) .7H ₂ O, 2.83 g / l boron as Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ , 10H ₂ O and stirred for one hour at a temperature of 22 ... 25 ° C for chelating the micro-elements, and after clearing the solution, add 200 ml of potassium humate solution of concentration 40.2 g / l humic acids and 8 g / K ₂ O.

The solution of microelements and humic substances is added under continuous stirring over the solution of macroelements containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, brought to the volume of one liter with demineralized water.

RO 127894 Β1

The complex fertilizer, obtained according to the invention, has the following characteristics: 1

134.48 g / l total nitrogen, of which 19 g / l ammoniacal nitrogen, 70.2 g / l phosphorus pentaoxide, 58.4 g / l potassium oxide and microelements 0.16 g / l copper, 0.15 g / l zinc, 0.65 g / l iron, 0.26 g / l manganese, 0.31 3 g / l magnesium, completely chelated with disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.32 g / l boron, 2.72 g / l sulfur as SO ₃ , 23.65 g / l organic substances, of which 8.04 humic 5 substances and a pH = 6.5, ... 7.2.

Example 3. 80.5 g phosphoric acid concentration 85% is neutralized with 73.1 g 7 potassium carbonate concentration 98%, resulting in a solution containing monopotassium and dipotassium phosphate with a ratio KH ₂ PO ₄ : K ₂ HPO ₄ = 0.55, the reaction taking place under continuous stirring and at a constant temperature of 25 ... 30 ° C, adding gradually, keeping the temperature at 28 ... 30'C, 120.4 g urea as nitrogen source in amide form, resulting in a solution of 11 macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and a pH = 6.2 ... 6.5, which cools to 2Ο ... 25Χ.

In 75 cm ³ demineralized water, dissolve 11.6 g of disodium salt of ethylenedio-13 aminotetraacetic acid, under continuous stirring until the solution has cleared and then add 0.63 g / l of copper as CuSO for one liter of fertilizer. ₄ .5H ₂ O, 0.66 g / l zinc as 15

ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, 1.54 g / l iron as FeSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, 0.65 g / l manganese as Mn (SQ ₄ ) .H ₂ 0, 1.64 g / l magnesium as Mg (SO ₄ ), 7H ₂ O, 1.33 g / l boron as 17

Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ .10H ₂ O and stir for one hour at a temperature of 22 ... 25 ° C for the chelation of the micro-elements, and after clearing the solution, add 400 ml of potassium humate 19 concentration 40.2 g / l humic acids and 7 g / K ₂ O.

The solution of microelements and humic substances is added under continuous stirring over 21 the solution of macroelements containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, brought to the volume of one liter with demineralized water. 2. 3

The complex fertilizer, obtained according to the invention, has the following characteristics: 55.6 g / l total nitrogen, 49.6 g / l phosphorus pentaoxide, 48.96 g / l potassium oxide and microelements 25 0.16 g / l copper, 0.15 g / l zinc, 0.31 g / l iron, 0.21 g / l manganese, 0.16 g / l magnesium, completely chelated with disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.15 g / i boron, 1 , 67 g / l sulfur 27 as SO ₃ , 25.62 g / l organic substances, of which 16.07 humic substances and a pH -6.5 .... 7.5.

Example 4. 52.6 g phosphoric acid concentration 85% is neutralized with 46.2 g 29 potassium carbonate concentration 98%, resulting in a solution containing monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium with a ratio KH ₂ PO ₄ : K ₂ HPO ₄ = 0.56, the reaction taking place under stirring 31 continuous and at a constant temperature of 25 ... 30 ° C, adding gradually, keeping the temperature at 28 ... 30 ° C, 336.8 g urea as a source of nitrogen in amide form, 42.5 g of 33 ammonium sulphate as a source of ammoniacal nitrogen and sulfur, resulting in a solution of macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and a pH = 6.2 ... 6.5, which is cooled to 20 ... 25 ^o C. 35 in 75 cm ³ demineralized water, dissolve 20.63 g of disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, under continuous stirring until the solution is cleared and then add, for 37 liters of fertilizer, 0, 86 g / l copper in the form of CuSO ₄ , 5H ₂ O, 0.92 g / l zinc in the form of ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, 2.04 g / l iron in the form of FeSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, 1 , 26 g / l man glove in the form of 39

Mn (SO ₄ ) .H ₂ O, 4.31 g / l magnesium as Mg (SO ₄ ) .7H ₂ O, 1.59 g / l boron as Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ .10H ₂ 0 and stir for one hour at a temperature of 22 ... 25 ° C for chelating 41 micronutrients, and after clearing the solution, add 400 ml of potassium humate solution of concentration 40.2 g / l humic acids and 8 g / K20 . 43

The solution of microelements and humic substances is added under continuous stirring over the solution of macroelements containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, brought to the volume of one liter with 45 demineralized water.

RO 127894 Β1

The complex fertilizer obtained according to the invention has the following characteristics: 165.69 g / l total nitrogen, 10.1 g / l ammoniacal nitrogen, 32.41 g / l phosphorus pentaoxide, 30.92 g / l potassium oxide and microelements 0.22 g / l copper, 0.21 g / l zinc, 0.41 g / l iron, 0.41 g / l manganese, 0.42 g / l magnesium, completely chelated with the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.18 g / l boron, 31.92 g / l sulfur as SO ₃ , 33.82 g / l organic substances, of which 16.07 hernia substances and a pH - 6.5 .... 7.5.

Example 5. 83.8 g phosphoric acid concentration 85% is neutralized with 64.5 g potassium carbonate 98% concentration, resulting in a solution containing monopotassium and dipotassium phosphate with a ratio KH ₂ PO ₄ : K ₂ HPO ₄ = 0.56, the reaction taking place under continuous stirring and at a constant temperature of 25 ... 30 ° C, gradually adding, maintaining the temperature at 28 ... 30 ° C, 300 g urea as a nitrogen source in amide form , 90.1 g of ammonium sulphate as a source of ammoniacal nitrogen and sulfur, resulting in a solution of macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and a pH = 6.2 ... 6.5, which cools to 2O ... 25 ° C.

In 75 cm ³ demineralized water, dissolve 18.3 g of the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, under continuous stirring until the solution is cleared and then add 0.22 g / l zinc as ZnSO ₄ .7H for one liter of fertilizer. ₂ O, 8.41 g / l magnesium in the form of Mg (SO ₄ ), 7H ₂ O, 4.51 g / l boron as Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ .10H ₂ O and stirred for one hour at the temperature of 22 ... 25 * C for chelating the micro-elements, and after clearing the solution, add 500 ml of potassium humate solution of concentration 40.2 g / l humic acids and 8 g / K20.

The solution of microelements and hernia substances is added under continuous stirring over the solution of macroelements containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, brought to the volume of one liter with demineralized water.

The complex fertilizer, obtained according to the invention, has the following characteristics: 160 g / l total nitrogen, of which 21.4 g / l ammoniacal nitrogen, 51.6 g / l phosphorus pentaoxide, 46.8 g / l potassium oxide and microelements 0.05 g / l zinc, 0.82 g / l magnesium, completely chelated with disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.51 g / l boron, 63.83 g / l sulfur as SO ₃ , 35.89 g / l organic substances, of which 20.1 hernia substances and a pH = 6.5 .... 7.5.

Claims (3)

Claims 1 1. Complex fertilizer, liquid, with foliar or root application, based on micro- and 3 macro-elements and humic substances, characterized in that it consists of: 55.6 .. .165.69 g / l total nitrogen, of which up to 21.37 g / l nitrogen in ammonia form, and the remaining 5 nitrogen in amid form, 32.41., 70.2 g / l phosphorus pentaoxide, 30.92 ... 58.4 g / l potassium oxide and microelements: up to 0.22 g / l copper, 0.05 ... 0.21 g / l zinc, up to 0.65 g / l iron, 7 to 0.41 g / l manganese, 0.11 ... 0.82 g / l magnesium, completely chelated with the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.15 ... 0.51 g / l boron, up to 20 g / l glucose, 1.09 ... 63.83 g / l 9 sulfur as SO ₃ , 23.65 ... 35.89 g / l organic substances, of which 8.04 ... 20 , 09 humic substances and a pH = 6.5 ... 7.5. 11 2. Process for obtaining the complex, liquid fertilizer as defined in claim 1, characterized in that 85% phosphoric acid is neutralized with 98% potassium carbonate, 13 resulting in a solution containing mono- and dipotassium phosphate with a KH ₂ mass ratio. PO ₄ : K ₂ HPO ₄ = 0.55 ... 2.34, the reaction taking place under continuous stirring and at a constant temperature of 15 25 .. .30 ° C, added gradually, keeping the temperature at 28 ... 30 ° C, urea as a source of arnidic nitrogen, ammonium sulphate, as a source of ammoniacal nitrogen and of sulfur, resulting in a mixture of 17 macroelements. , after which the microelements are added: copper, as CuSO ₄ .5H ₂ O, zinc, as ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, iron, as FeSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, manganese, 19 as Mn (SO ₄ ) .H ₂ O, magnesium in the form of Mg (SO ₄ ). 7H ₂ O, completely chelated with the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, boron, as Na ₂ BQ ₇ , 10H ₂ O, 21 optionally, glucose , and finally, after homogenization of the solution, add the solution of potassium humate with a concentration of 40.2 g / l humic acids and 7 ... 8 g / K ₂ O, and then the volume of the solution is 23 to one liter. . 3. The method of applying the complex, liquid fertilizer as defined in claim 1, wherein the product is administered as a concentration aqueous solution. 0.01 ... 25% in the amount of 200 ... 10000 l / ha, depending on the foliar or 27 root fertilization process, the type of crop and the vegetation phase of the plant.