PL98260B1 - METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CONCRETE CEILING PLATES - Google Patents

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CONCRETE CEILING PLATES Download PDF

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Publication number
PL98260B1
PL98260B1 PL1973162360A PL16236073A PL98260B1 PL 98260 B1 PL98260 B1 PL 98260B1 PL 1973162360 A PL1973162360 A PL 1973162360A PL 16236073 A PL16236073 A PL 16236073A PL 98260 B1 PL98260 B1 PL 98260B1
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PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
layer
ribs
reinforced
immersed
building element
Prior art date
Application number
PL1973162360A
Other languages
Polish (pl)
Original Assignee
''licencia'' Talalmanyokat Ertekesito Vallalat
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ''licencia'' Talalmanyokat Ertekesito Vallalat filed Critical ''licencia'' Talalmanyokat Ertekesito Vallalat
Publication of PL98260B1 publication Critical patent/PL98260B1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/028Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members for double - wall articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/14Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted
    • B28B1/16Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted for producing layered articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/06Moulds with flexible parts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/48Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Description

Przedmiotem wynalazku jest sposób wytwarza¬ nia zelbetowych plyt stropowych o plaskiej dolnej i górnej powierzchni oraz ze wszystkich stron zamknietych pustych przestrzeniach wewnetrznych.Takie prefabrykowane plyty stropowe znajduja za¬ stosowanie np. jako stropy miedzypietrowe w po¬ staci wielkich jednostek budowlanych. Wynalazek ma na celu ekonomiczne wytworzenie tych plyt stropowych, przy czym wykonanie ich nie wyma¬ ga tak zwanego traconego deskowania i powinno zabezpieczyc calkowicie przed powstawaniem rys i pekniec.Proponowano juz, aby prefabrykowane, puste, zelbetowe plyty stropowe wykonywac w ten spo¬ sób, ze sie przygotowuje najpierw element budow¬ lany skladajacy sie z dolnej plyty i wystajacych z niej równoleglych zeber, a nastepnie zanurza sie go, krawedziami zeber najlepiej przy zastosowa¬ niu wibracji, w warstwie swiezego betonu i poz¬ wala zwiazac tej warstwie. Przed tym uklada sie w warstwie swiezego betonu wstepnie naprezone druty stalowe, dzieki czemu, po dojrzeniu war¬ stwy betonu otrzymuje sie element sprezony jed¬ noosiowe Znany jest takze proces wytwarzania podluz¬ nych, pustych belek zelbetowych, w którym odle¬ wa sie z betonu sciany boczne, na przyklad we¬ wnetrzne scianki dzialowe, za pomoca otwartej formy i formy rdzeniowej, a nastepnie tak pow¬ staly element budowlany zanurza sie po jego zwia- zaniu, w warstwie swiezego betonu wylanego na plaska powierzchnie i pozwala jej zwiazac. Odla¬ ne w ten sposób puste belki moga byc zbrojone w normalny sposób i po ulozeniu ich jedna obok drugiej, sluza do wykonania pustego stropu przez który np. moze przeplywac medium ogrzewajace.W koncu, rozwazono takze wytwarzanie elemen¬ tów pustych z krzyzujacymi sie sciankami we¬ wnetrznymi, np. cegiel, przy czym równiez i tu, prefabrykowany, skrzynkowy, otwarty jednostron¬ nie element zanurza sie w warstwie betonu, któ¬ ra nastepnie twardnieje i tworzy zamykajaca scia¬ ne juz teraz zamknietego, pustego bloku lub cegly.Wynalazek dotyczy procesu wytwarzania zelbe¬ towej plyty stropowej o dolnej i górnej plaskiej powierzchni i zawierajacej wewnetrzne, ze wszyst¬ kich stron zamkniete puste przestrzenie, w któ¬ rym to procesie prefabrykuje sie najpierw zelbe¬ towy element budowlany, skladajacy sie z plyty i uformowanych na jej dolnej powierzchni i z niej wystajacych oraz wzajemnie krzyzujacych sie ze¬ ber, tworzacych otwarte ku dolowi skrzynkowe zaglebienia, a nastepnie zanurza sie najlepiej za pomoca wibrowania ten^ element krawedziami ze¬ ber w warstwie swiezego betonu, az do jej zwie¬ rania.Istota wynalazku polega na tym, ze element bu¬ dowlany przed zanurzeniem go dolnymi krawe¬ dziami zeber w warstwie swiezego betonu uzbra¬ ja sie siatka ze stali zbrojeniowej w ten sposób. 98 26098 260 ze w elemencie budowlanym obciazonym prosto¬ padlymi do niego silami powstaja naprezenia zgi¬ najace w dwóch wzajemnie prostopadlych kierun¬ kach, utrzymujace stan wstepnego sprezenia tego elementu zanurzonego w warstwie swiezego beto¬ nu az do czesciowego co najmniej zwiazania tej warstwy; tak iz przy eksploatacyjnym obciazeniu gotowej plyty stropowej dolny pas plyty równiez pozostaje scisniety. Wykonana w ten sposób zel¬ betowa plyte stropowa mozna produkowac seryj¬ nie po umiarkowanych kosztach; cechuje ja, obok niskiego ciezaru jednostkowego wysoka wytrzyma¬ losc i nadaje sie ona szczególnie do wykonywania stropów miedzypietrowych duzych budynków, po¬ niewaz gwarantuje niewystepowanie rys i pek¬ niec.Wynalazek wyjasniono blizej w przykladzie wy¬ konania uwidocznionym na rysunku, na którym fig. la przedstawia element budowlany w pierw¬ szej" fazie procesu odpowiadajacego wynalazkowi, odpowiednio w przekroju A-A na fig. IB, fig. IB jest podobnym przekrojem odpowiadajacym linii B-B na fig. la, fig. 2 obrazuje szczegól „a" na fig. la lub Ib, w wiekszej podzialce, fig. 3 przedstawia odpowiadajaca wynalazkowi zelbetowa plyte stro¬ powa w drugiej fazie, a mianowicie przekrój wzdluz linii A-A na rys. la lub B-B na rys. Ib, fig. 4 odpowiada fig. 2 i przedstawia w wiekszej skali szczegól „a", w drugiej fazie fig. 5 pokazuje naprezenie zginajace, które jest utrzymane w ele¬ mencie budowlanym z fig. la lub Ib przed zanu¬ rzeniem go w warstwie swiezego betonu, fig. 6 przedstawia schemat naprezen zginajacych w ele¬ mencie budowlanym z fig. la lub Ib, fig. 7 poka¬ zuje forme do nalozenia warstwy swiezego beto¬ nu, fig. 8 przekrój przez gotowa plyte stropowa, fig. 9 przedstawia w wiekszej podzialce szczegól „a" tej plyty stropowej, a fig. 10 i 11 pokazuja naprezenia zginajace wystepujace przy nieobcia- zonej lub przy obciazonej plycie stropowej, we¬ dlug wynalazku.Fig. la i Ib pokazuja element budowlany 1 z zelbetu, wykonany w pierwszej fazie za pomoca nieprzedstawionej otwartej formy. Element bu¬ dowlany 1 sklada sie z plyty 2 i z uformowanych na jej dolnej stronie i wystajacych z plyty zeber 3, tworzonych otwarte ku dolowi skrzynkowe pu¬ ste przestrzenie 4.Na dolnych krawedziach zeber zaformowano sta¬ lowe klocki 5 przez które, po wyjeciu z formy zwiazanego elementu budowlanego, przetyka sie sprezynujace prety 6 zamocowane na zwyczajnej stalowej siatce zbrojeniowej. Teraz w elemencie budowlanym 1 wytwarza sie za pomoca sil dziala¬ jacych prostopadle do elementu (fig. 6) naprezenie gnace w dwóch, wzajemnie prostopadlych kierun¬ kach. Dokonuje sie tego za pomoca urzadzenia sprezajacego, które wynotuje pozadane ugiecie ele¬ mentu, opartego na swoich zewnetrznych krawe¬ dziach. Jak wynika z fig. 5, plyta 2 jest pod dzia¬ laniem naprezen sciskajacych, dolne krawedzie ze¬ ber 3 — pod wplywem naprezen rozciagajacych.W drugiej fazie, nadaje sie pokazanemu na fig. 7 szablonowi 8 o malej sztywnosci poprzecznej, pozadane w danej chwili wygiecie wklesle lub wy¬ pukle i rozprowadza na nim warstwe swiezego be- tonu. Teraz zanurza sie za pomoca wibracji w warstwie swiezego betonu dolne krawedzie zeber 3, które jak wspomniano, sa polaczone ze zbroje¬ niem 7, przy czym istniejace w elemencie budow¬ lanym 1 naprezenia gnace sa utrzymywane do czesciowego co najmniej zwiazania warstwy be¬ tonu. Po odstawieniu urzadzenia sprezajacego wy¬ stepuje w stwardzialej teraz dolnej plycie 9 na¬ prezenie sciskajace, jak to przedstawiono na fig.. Jesli teraz obciazy sie gotowa plyte stropowa ciezarem uzytkowym, to ciagle jeszcze pozostanie w dolnej plycie 9 rezerwowe naprezenie sciskajace, które zapobiega powstawaniu rys w tej plycie.Przedstawiona na fig. 8 gotowa zelbetowa plyta stropowa ma wyjatkowo maly ciezar jednostkowy przy duzej sztywnosci; stan wytezenia powoduja¬ cy pojawienie sie wloskowatych pekniec jest z ca¬ la pewnoscia zniesiony dzieki uniknieciu naprezen rozciagajacych w dolnej warstwie plyty. Ponadto, skrzynkowe puste przestrzenie 4 wykonuje sie bez traconego deskowania. Wynaleziony proces nadaje sie szczególnie do ekonomicznej, seryjnej produk¬ cji zelbetowych plyt stropowych duzego formatu. 40 45 50 55 PLThe invention relates to a process for the production of reinforced concrete floor slabs with flat top and bottom surfaces and closed internal voids on all sides. Such prefabricated floor slabs are used, for example, as inter-story ceilings in the form of large building units. The aim of the invention is to produce these floor slabs economically, without the need for so-called lost formwork, and should completely prevent the formation of cracks and cracks. It has already been proposed that the prefabricated, hollow, reinforced concrete floor slabs should be made in this way, that a building element is prepared first, consisting of a bottom plate and protruding parallel ribs, and then immersed with the edges of the ribs, preferably by vibration, into a layer of fresh concrete and allows this layer to be tied. Prior to that, pre-stressed steel wires are laid in the fresh concrete layer, so that, after the concrete layer is matured, a single-axle stressed element is obtained. It is also known to produce elongated, hollow reinforced concrete beams, in which concrete is cast from the concrete. Side walls, for example interior partition walls, by means of an open mold and a core mold, then after setting such a coated building element, it is immersed in a layer of fresh concrete poured onto a flat surface and allows it to bind. Hollow beams cast in this way can be reinforced in the normal way and, when placed side by side, serve to make a hollow floor through which, for example, a heating medium can flow. Finally, it was also considered to produce hollow elements with crossing walls. in the interior, e.g. brick, where also here, the prefabricated, box-shaped, one-sided open element is immersed in the concrete layer, which then hardens and forms a closing wall of an already closed, hollow block or brick. relates to a process for the manufacture of a iron ceiling slab with a lower and upper flat surface and with internal cavities closed on all sides, in which first a steel building element is prefabricated, consisting of a slab and formed on it. the lower surface and its protruding and intersecting ribs, creating box-shaped depressions open to the bottom, and then plunging as closely as possible By vibrating this element with the edges of the ribs in the fresh concrete layer until it is closed. The essence of the invention consists in the fact that the building element, before immersing it with the lower edges of the ribs in the fresh concrete layer, is reinforcing steel mesh like this. 98 26098 260 with a building element loaded with forces perpendicular to it, bending stresses arise in two mutually perpendicular directions, maintaining the state of prestressing of this element immersed in the fresh concrete layer until at least partial bonding of this layer; Also, with the operational load of the finished ceiling slab, the lower strip of the slab also remains tight. The gel-concrete ceiling slab produced in this way can be produced in series at a moderate cost; Apart from its low unit weight, it is characterized by high strength and is particularly suitable for the production of inter-storey ceilings of large buildings, as it guarantees the absence of cracks and cracks. The invention is explained in more detail in the embodiment example shown in Fig. 1a shows the construction element in the first "phase of the process according to the invention, respectively in section AA in Fig. 1B, Fig. 1B is a similar section corresponding to line BB in Fig. 1a, Fig. 2 shows the detail" a "in Fig. 1b in the larger scale, FIG. 3 shows the inventive reinforced concrete floor slab in the second phase, namely the section along the line AA in FIG. 1a or BB in FIG. Ib, FIG. 4 corresponds to FIG. 2 and shows on a larger scale. in particular "a", in a second phase, FIG. 5 shows the bending stress which is maintained in the building element of FIGS. 1a or 1b before being dipped into the fresh concrete layer, FIG. 6 shows diagram n Bending apertures in the building element of Fig. 1a or Ib, Fig. 7 shows a form for applying a fresh concrete layer, Fig. 8 shows a cross-section through a finished ceiling slab, Fig. 9 shows a larger division of this particular section. in the floor slab, and Figures 10 and 11 show the bending stresses occurring with an unloaded or under a loaded floor slab according to the invention. la and Ib show a reinforced concrete building element 1 made in a first phase with an open form not shown. The construction element 1 consists of a plate 2 and ribs 3 formed on its lower side and protruding from the plate, box-shaped hollow spaces open towards the bottom 4. On the lower edges of the ribs, steel blocks 5 are formed through which, after being removed from the plate, the forms of the bonded building element are interwoven with resilient rods 6 fixed on an ordinary steel reinforcement mesh. Now, in the component 1, a bending stress is generated in two mutually perpendicular directions by means of forces acting perpendicular to the component (FIG. 6). This is done by means of a compression device which records the desired deflection of the element, based on its outer edges. As can be seen from Fig. 5, the plate 2 is under compressive stress, the lower edges of the cog 3 under the tensile stress. In the second phase, the pattern 8 shown in Fig. 7 is suitable for a low transverse stiffness, desired in the given case. moment, bend concaves or convexes and spreads a layer of fresh concrete on it. Now the lower edges of the ribs 3 are immersed by vibration in the fresh concrete layer, which as mentioned are connected to the reinforcement 7, the bending stresses present in the building element 1 being maintained until at least partially bonding the concrete layer. After the compression device has been put aside, a compressive stress is exerted in the now hardened bottom plate 9, as shown in Fig. If now the finished ceiling slab is loaded with a usable weight, there will still be a spare compressive stress in the bottom plate 9 which prevents the formation of crack in this plate. The finished reinforced concrete ceiling slab shown in Fig. 8 has an exceptionally low unit weight with high stiffness; the stress condition resulting in the appearance of hairline cracks is certainly abolished by avoiding tensile stresses in the lower layer of the panel. Moreover, the box-shaped voids 4 are made without wasted formwork. The inventive process is particularly suitable for the cost-effective mass production of large format reinforced concrete ceiling slabs. 40 45 50 55 PL

Claims (2)

Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. Sposób wytwarzania zelbetowych plyt stropo¬ wych o plaskiej dolnej i górnej powierzchni i ze wszystkich stron zamknietych przestrzeniach we¬ wnetrznych, w którym prefabrykuje sie najpierw zelbetowy element budowlany skladajacy sie z {%ty i z uformowanych na jej spodniej stronie i wystajacych z niej oraz wzajemnie krzyzujacych sie zeber, tworzacych otwarte ku dolowi skrzyn¬ kowe zaglebienie, element ten zanurza sie, za po¬ moca wibrowania, krawedziami zeber w warstwie swiezego betonu, która po zwiazaniu tworzy dolny pas plyty, znamienny tym, ze element budowlany (1) przed zanurzeniem go dolnymi krawedziami ze¬ ber (3) w warstwie swiezego betonu uzbraja sie siatka ze stali zbrojeniowej (7) w ten sposób, - ze w elemencie budowlanym obciazonym prostopa¬ dlymi do niego silami powstaje naprezenie zgina¬ jace w dwóch wzajemnie prostopadlych kierun¬ kach, utrzymujace stan wstepnego sprezania tego elementu zanurzonego w ''warstwie swiezego ba¬ tonu az do czesciowego co najmniej zwiazania tej warstwy, tak iz przy eksploatacyjnym obciazeniu gotowej plyty stropowej dolny pas (9) plyty rów¬ niez pozostaje scisniety.Claims 1. Method for the production of reinforced concrete floor slabs with a flat bottom and top surface and closed interior spaces on all sides, in which first a reinforced concrete building element is prefabricated consisting of a reinforced concrete structure formed on its underside and protruding from it and the mutually intersecting ribs, forming a box cavity open downwards, this element is immersed, by means of vibration, with the edges of the ribs in the fresh concrete layer which, when bonded, forms the bottom strip of the panel, characterized by the fact that the construction element (1 ) before it is immersed with the lower edges of the tine (3) in the fresh concrete layer, a mesh of reinforcing steel (7) is reinforced in such a way that - in a building element loaded with forces perpendicular to it, a bending stress arises in two mutually perpendicular directions, maintaining the state of pre-compression of this element immersed in the fresh baton layer until it is partially the least binding of this layer, and also with the operational load of the finished floor slab, the lower slab strip (9) also remains compressed. 2. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, ze prefabrykowany element budowlany (1) uzbraja sie siatka ze stali zbrojeniowej (7) umocowanej za po¬ moca sprezystych pretów (6) przetkanych przez otwory w stalowych klockach wbetonowanych w dalsze krawedzie zeber (3).98 260 Fig.9 Fig.10 Fig.11 Fig. Ib Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 6 ; . H "3 ^5 \ 7 6 Fig. 2 Fig. 5 l m 1 , i »i l Fig. 7 PL2. The method according to claim Fig. 1, characterized in that the prefabricated building element (1) is reinforced with a mesh made of reinforcing steel (7) fixed by means of resilient rods (6) threaded through holes in the steel blocks embedded in the distal edges of the ribs (3). 98 260 Fig. Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 1b Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 6; . H " 3 ^ 5 < 7 >
PL1973162360A 1972-12-12 1973-05-05 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CONCRETE CEILING PLATES PL98260B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HUBA2835A HU167987B (en) 1972-12-12 1972-12-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL98260B1 true PL98260B1 (en) 1978-04-29

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ID=10993354

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL1973162360A PL98260B1 (en) 1972-12-12 1973-05-05 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CONCRETE CEILING PLATES

Country Status (15)

Country Link
AT (1) AT333178B (en)
BE (1) BE799136A (en)
BG (1) BG21617A3 (en)
CH (1) CH565917A5 (en)
CS (1) CS168651B2 (en)
DD (1) DD104590A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2322601C3 (en)
FR (1) FR2210202A5 (en)
HU (1) HU167987B (en)
IT (1) IT986367B (en)
NL (1) NL7306288A (en)
PL (1) PL98260B1 (en)
RO (1) RO65676A (en)
SE (1) SE405135B (en)
YU (1) YU119073A (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2322601B2 (en) 1978-11-23
CS168651B2 (en) 1976-06-29
RO65676A (en) 1980-02-15
NL7306288A (en) 1974-06-14
AT333178B (en) 1976-11-10
SE405135B (en) 1978-11-20
BE799136A (en) 1973-08-31
FR2210202A5 (en) 1974-07-05
IT986367B (en) 1975-01-30
YU119073A (en) 1982-02-28
CH565917A5 (en) 1975-08-29
HU167987B (en) 1976-02-28
BG21617A3 (en) 1976-07-20
DE2322601A1 (en) 1974-06-20
DE2322601C3 (en) 1979-07-19
DD104590A5 (en) 1974-03-12
ATA392273A (en) 1976-02-15

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