PL9715B1 - How to conserve a tree. - Google Patents
How to conserve a tree. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PL9715B1 PL9715B1 PL9715A PL971526A PL9715B1 PL 9715 B1 PL9715 B1 PL 9715B1 PL 9715 A PL9715 A PL 9715A PL 971526 A PL971526 A PL 971526A PL 9715 B1 PL9715 B1 PL 9715B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- tree
- copper
- zinc
- chlorides
- sulphate
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical class [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UXFOSWFWQAUFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O UXFOSWFWQAUFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical class [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical class N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diformate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DJWUNCQRNNEAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc acetate Chemical class [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O DJWUNCQRNNEAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013904 zinc acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IPCXNCATNBAPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;hydrate Chemical class O.[Zn] IPCXNCATNBAPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
Sposób konserwowania drzewa przez nasycanie roztworami soli miedzi lub cyn¬ ku jest dawno znany. Zazwyczaj do tego celu sluza siarczany lub chlorki tych dwóch metali. Sole te maja jednak powazne wa¬ dy: po pierwsze dosc latwo ulegaja wymy¬ ciu w wilgotnym gruncie, przez co drzewo traci swa odpornosc, po drugie, laczac sie z substancjami bialkowemi w drzewie, od- szczepia ja polowe swego kwasu siarkowe¬ go wzglednie solnego, a poniewaz sa to kwasy mocne, dzialaja przeto niszczaco na drzewo i przeprowadzaja substancje in- krustacyjna,a nawet i sama celuloze w cu¬ kry; drzewo przez to kruszeje i spala sie, Aby usunac to niszczace dzialanie kwa¬ sów mocnych (siarkowego i solnego), za¬ stosowano octany miedzi i cynku do napa- jania drzewa, jednakze i one, choc nie ma¬ ja wad chlorków i siarczanów, gdyz kwas octowy jest kwasem slabym i nie dziala na drzewnik, okazaly sie niepraktyczneml; sa bowiem drogie, a poza tern latwo ule¬ gaja hydrolizie, przyczem wodziany mie¬ dzi i cynku ulegaja silnej absorbcji przez tkanke drzewna, nie przenikaja wglab drzewa, a tylko zapychaja cienka jej po¬ wloke zewnetrzna, po usunieciu której drzewo zaczyna znów butwiec. To samo dotyczy mrówczanów, boranów, lub wogó- le soli slabych kwasów.Zupelnie inaczej zachowuja sie miesza¬ ne sole miedzi lub cynku, zawierajace resztki kwasu mocnego i kwasu slabego, np. mrówczano-siarczan miedziowy: Cu2 (HCOOJ2S04l; nie wykazuja one wad za-równo czystych siarczanów wzglednie chlorków, jak i czystych octanów, wzgled¬ nie mrówczanów; w zetknieciu ,-z tkanka drzewna odszczepiaja jedynie kwas octo¬ wy wzglednie mrówkowy, a nie siarkowy ewentualnie solny i nie spalaja drzewa; hy- drolizuja sie tylko w niewielkim stopniu i przenikaja z latwoscia wglab drzewa.Takie mieszane sole mozna przygoto¬ wac, wedlug wynalazku, np. z siarczanu miedzi lub cynku i dodajac tyle np. mrów¬ czanu barowego, zeby polowa kwasu siar¬ kowego zostala stracona w postaci siar¬ czanu barowego, 2CuS04 + Ba(HCOO) = BaS04 + Cu, (HCOO)2SO±.W tym celu do 320 kg siarczanu mie¬ dziowego dodaje sie 230 kg mrówczanu barowego, poczem siarczan barowy odsa¬ cza sie.Zamiast soli baru mozna uzyc mrów¬ czanu wzglednie octanu innych metali, np. sodu, amonu i t. d,, powstale bowiem z tej reakcji siarczany sodu, amonu i t. d. nie przeszkadzaja impregnacji, byleby ilosc dodawanych mrówczanów, wzglednie oc¬ tanów, nie przekraczala polowy równowaz¬ nika siarczanu miedzi lub cynku. O ile za¬ miast siarczanów miedzi lub cynku uzyje sie chlorków i zmiesza w stosunku 1 rów¬ nowaznik chlorku miedzi lub cynku na v- równowaznika octanu lub mrówczanu ba¬ ru, sodu, amonu i t. d., powstaja wtedy chlorki baru, sodu, amonu i t. d., jako pro¬ dukty uboczne, które na calosc procesu impregnacji konserwowania drzewa pozo¬ staja bez wplywu,. PL PLThe method of preserving trees by impregnating them with copper or zinc salt solutions has long been known. Typically, sulfates or chlorides of these two metals are used for this purpose. However, these salts have serious disadvantages: firstly, they are easily washed away in moist soil, which makes the tree lose its resistance, and secondly, by combining with the protein substances in the tree, it breaks off half of its sulfuric acid, relatively salt, and because they are strong acids, they have a destructive effect on the tree and transform the incrustating substances, and even the cellulose itself, into sugar; the tree thus crumbles and burns. In order to remove this destructive effect of strong acids (sulfur and salt), copper and zinc acetates were used to infuse the tree, although they, although not having the disadvantages of chlorides and sulphates, since acetic acid is a weak acid and has no effect on the tree, it turned out to be impractical; because they are expensive and are easily hydrolyzed outside the area, because copper and zinc hydrates are strongly absorbed by the wood tissue, do not penetrate into the depth of the tree, but only clog the thin outer hemline, after removal of which the tree starts to rot again. The same applies to formates, borates, or generally the salts of weak acids. The behavior of mixed copper or zinc salts containing residual strong and weak acid, for example cupric formate sulphate: Cu2 (HCOOJ2SO4l, show no disadvantages), is quite different. both pure sulfates or chlorides, and pure acetates, or formates; in contact with wood tissue, they split off only acetic acid or formic acid, not sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and do not burn the tree; they only hydrate in These mixed salts can be prepared, according to the invention, for example from copper or zinc sulphate, and by adding, for example, barium formate, that half of the sulfuric acid is lost as sulphate. barium, 2CuSO 4 + Ba (HCOO) = BaSO 4 + Cu, (HCOO) 2SO ±. For this purpose, 230 kg of barium formate are added to 320 kg of copper sulphate, and the barium sulphate is then filtered off. May or only the acetate of other metals, such as sodium, ammonium, etc., since the resulting sodium and ammonium sulfates, etc., do not interfere with impregnation, as long as the amount of added formates or acetates does not exceed half the equivalent of copper sulfate or zinc. If chlorides are used instead of copper or zinc sulphates and the ratio of copper or zinc chloride is mixed in a ratio of 1 to acetate or barium, sodium, ammonium and so on, barium, sodium, ammonium and ammonium chlorides are formed. thus, as by-products which remain unaffected throughout the impregnation process of tree preservation. PL PL
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL9715B1 true PL9715B1 (en) | 1928-12-31 |
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