PL66313Y1 - Equipment for gasification of waste materials, other than the hazardous materials - Google Patents

Description

2 PL 66 313 Υ1

Pattern description

The subject of the utility model is a device for gasification of non-hazardous waste, such as tires for motor vehicles, fabrics, rags, textiles, wood-based waste, used for heating purposes.

The principle of gasification of solid fuels is based on gasification of fuel in the gasification chamber, and then afterburning in the combustion chamber connected to it, where these chambers constitute one whole.

The waste incineration device known from Polish patent specification No. 179722 consists of a combustion block which has a gas outlet connected to the afterburner block in the form of a cyclone. The cyclone flue gas is delivered to the cooling block and then to the chemical cleaning unit. The combustion block has an air inlet located above the combustion zone and is equipped with an ignition burner and a main burner and a temperature controller. The combustion block is provided with a mixing device. The burnout block has a primary burner, secondary air inlet, and a booster and ignition burner. These burners are located directly downstream of the gas inlet from the combustion block, while the secondary air inlet is outside the combustion zone. Moreover, these burners and the inlet are tangential to the gas stream.

A heating boiler with gasification for solid fuel, especially wood, known from the Polish patent specification No. 188,246, has a pear-shaped fuel and gasification chamber, forming one whole. The combustion chamber is located under the fuel and gasification chamber, separated from it by a grate. Above the grate, in the area of about 0.4 to 0.6 of the height of the fuel and gasification chamber, there are openings on both sides for the primary air supply. The combustion chamber in this boiler is divided into: the pre-combustion and mixing chamber, the underlying combustion chamber with a kidney-shaped cross-section, and two reversing and afterburning chambers. The combustion chamber has an inlet for preheated secondary air. The fuel and gasification chamber as well as the combustion chamber are surrounded by a water jacket.

A boiler with a furnace is also known from the Polish patent specification No. 169 915, which aims to improve its efficiency by better burning, for example, coal of the same or different assortments. This boiler is provided with a combustion chamber with a combustion zone, a movable grate under this chamber, a heat exchanger connected to the combustion chamber and a gas-permeable partition movably located under the ceiling of the combustion chamber. In operation, the solid fuel is fed into the combustion chamber on the grate for combustion in the supplied air. From the fire bed on the grate, the gaseous combustion products rise to the combustion zone and flow towards the rear wall of the boiler. Due to the reciprocating movement of the grate, the fire bed is constantly mixed, which improves combustion and the ash sliding along the grate. In a non-hazardous waste gasification device containing two separate units, the first of which is a waste gasification chamber with a grate, and the second is a combustion chamber with a heat exchanger, according to a utility model, the combustion chamber of the second set has two rows of burners and a movable grate between these burners. The gasification chamber of the first unit is connected, via a valve, separator and collector, to the combustion chamber of the second unit. The gasification and combustion chambers are connected with a combustion gas pipe.

The use of a device with the above structure gives significant benefits, because it allows not only the incineration of wood-based waste, but also the disposal of waste such as car tires and textiles, and the use of gases generated in this process to generate heat. The arrangement of two units allows not only stable gasification of the higher calorific waste in the first unit, but also, importantly, the incineration of lower calorific waste in the second unit. On the other hand, the sliding grate improves the conditions for gasification of waste. Thanks to the use of two combustion zones and burners at this grate, from the top and from the bottom, at optimal temperatures and residence times in the combustion chamber, combustion is more efficient, especially as it concerns the combustion of waste with lower calorific value. On the other hand, the connection of the first unit, via the flue gas conduit, to the second unit allows, with increased heat removal from the heat exchanger, to additionally direct at least part of the flue gas from this second unit through the valve to the first unit, which has a significant impact on improving the energy efficiency of the device.

The object of the utility model is shown in the drawing, which shows the cross-section of the device.

The device for gasification of non-hazardous waste has two separate units 1, 2, of which the first unit 1 is equipped with a gasification chamber 3 waste 4 with a calorific value

Claims (1)

3 PL66 313 Υ1 > 6.5 MJ / kg, having a grate 5 in the lower part. Air is supplied under the grate 5 by means of a blower 6 with the possibility of regulating the air flow needed in the first phase for partial incineration of waste 4 until the gasification temperature reaches 200 -h 300 ° C . After reaching this temperature, the air supply under the grate 5 is reduced and the second phase begins, consisting in gasification of unburned waste. In the event of a temperature drop, its increase is regulated by an increase in the air supply under the grate 5. The gas produced in the second phase is fed to the combustion chamber 7 of the second unit 2 through a combustion gas conduit 8. The combustion chamber 7 has burners 9 on both sides, which burn the gas generated in the gasification chamber 3 and a movable grate 10 between these burners 9, onto which is loaded waste with a calorific value of < 6.5 MJ / kg, i.e. lower than in the gasification chamber 3. Air is supplied under the movable grate 10 with the possibility of regulating its output by means of a fan 11. The combustion chamber 7 is surrounded by a heat exchanger 12 with water carrying heat energy to the external system thermal. Gases, ash and solids obtained in the combustion process are discharged through the collector 13 to the ash-solids separator 14. In the separator 14, the exhaust gases are cleaned of ash and solids, and then these gases are discharged to the atmospheric air through the emitter 15. In the case of increasing heat reception from the heat exchanger 12, part of the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 7 is directed from the collector 13, downstream of the separator 14, to the gasification chamber 3, through valve 16. Protective caution Device for gasification of non-hazardous waste, containing two separate units, the first of which is a waste gasification chamber with a grate, and the second is a combustion chamber with a heat exchanger, characterized in that the chamber combustion (7) in the second unit (2) has two rows of burners (9) and a movable grate (10) between these burners (9), and the gasification chamber (3) of the first unit (1) is connected via a valve (16), a separator (14) and a collector (13), with the combustion chamber (7) of the second unit (2), the gasification chamber (3) being connected to the combustion chamber (7) by a flue gas conduit (8).