PL170735B1 - Material consisting of carbon compounds - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A method of producing a material containing carbon compounds suitable for processing into shapes, plates, pipes, films and the like, with all known machines for processing plastics, characterized in that it is shredded at a very high speed into a fine powder coal, preferably with a grain size of 10 to 30 μm, stone kegs, coke made of these coals or petroleum coke slightly contaminated with harmful substances and ash, then this powder is added to thermoplastic polymers of the hydrocarbon group selected from polyethylenes or polypropylenes, the weight fraction of carbon powder is 20 to 70%, and the supplement is polymers, the mixture of substances is heated to a working temperature of 200-300 ° C and these thermoplastic polymers are chemically combined with the carbon powder, using the binding energy released by impact crushing in a closed system of treatment devices materials and getting fit for multiple processing of materials with a calorific value above 37,500 kJ / kg. PL

Description

The invention relates to a method of producing a material containing carbon compounds suitable for processing into shapes, plates, pipes, films and the like with all known machines for processing plastics.

In addition to a wide variety of pure plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene (low and high density), polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamides, etc., they have gained particular importance on the market, also due to cost, combinations of plastic and fillers. Combinations of fine powders of coal, coke and petroleum coke, embedded in a thermoplastic polymer matrix, are also known to meet the special requirements of the market, whereby in some cases pulverized coal or coke powder, but it is also to a greater or lesser extent an integrating component of the thermoplastic polymer which has a decisive influence on the properties of this plastic.

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There is also known from the German patent application DE-AS 1065607 a method for the production of plastically deformable masses from polyethylene and fine coke fillers, in which powdered coke is admixed in a known manner to a polyethylene matrix in a quantity corresponding to at least M4 of the weight of this matrix, but preferably in the same amount. or more.

Coal or coke powders in plastically deformable masses did not have the negative properties of most of the fillers used, but led to an unexpected improvement in the physical properties of the molding compositions (better tensile strength, flexural strength, relative elongation and lower cold brittleness); the molding compositions were well suited to molding. Hard coal coke, petroleum coke or pitch coke have proved to be particularly suitable for filling the polyethylene matrix. Especially from low-ash hard coal cokes with identical polyethylene parts, it was possible to form highly flexible plates which showed good bending stability, as opposed to filling the polyethylene matrix with other fillers, such as e.g. shale flour. With the identical ratio of the mixture of slate flour and polyethylene, the plates broke after just a few bending loads.

According to the known method, the coke powder is produced in the usual manner by grinding. For high-quality molding compositions, not only powders of high fineness (6,400 meshes cm ² ), but also powders (900 meshes cm ² ) can be used. Crosslinking agent, release agent and other additives, such as UV stabilizers, thermal stabilizers, etc., can also be added to the mixtures of polyethylenes and coke powders. The good weldability of moldings made of known molding compositions is particularly emphasized. There are also molding compositions containing fine coke with a diameter of less than 60 gm of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, ethylene-propylene, ethylene-butylene or propylene-butylene in copolymers, where for 100 parts of polymers they contain 200 to 400 parts of fine petroleum coke, at least 80 % have particles with an average size between 0.75 and 50 μιπ (DE-AS 1259095). These molding compositions were developed knowing that the fractional composition of petroleum coke particles is critical to obtain high structural strength of the final product. In practice, it was not possible to add to such polymers more than 150 to 200 parts of petroleum coke particles whose diameter was on average greater than 50 μιη. Moreover, these products did not have the necessary high impact, tensile and flexural strength. It has surprisingly been found that when petroleum coke is crushed and particles with a size between 0.75 and about 50 µΐΏ are mixed with polymers, the most favorable physical properties are obtained.

Common polyenes or copolyne with a melt index from about 10 to 0.2 and a molecular weight between about 50,000 and 700,000 can be used to prepare known molding compositions.

Before using it for known molding compositions, petroleum coke is crushed and calibrated by grinding in a ball, rod or hammer mill, centrifugation of coke particles by blowing steam or air onto the surface, by centrifugal centrifugation with rotor blades (Pallmann pulverizing device), by oscillating supersonic or by using facing steel rolls with a pitch of 0.0254 cm or less. Petroleum coke, especially with a relatively high ash content, can have a considerable hardness, e.g. 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale, so that grinding petroleum cokes to one of the mentioned types causes the grinding equipment to wear quickly. As a result, metal, iron or steel residues, which are difficult and expensive to remove, or which render the molding compositions unacceptable for some applications, get into the mill material.

A method for producing specially ground carbon as a filler for plastics is also known from the German patent description DE-OS 1592914. According to this method, hard carbon such as anthracite is ground in a non-oxidizing atmosphere such that the average particle size is no more than 2.5 µιπ, and in particular there is a fractional distribution of particles where at least 90% of the particles are smaller than 5 µιη.

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These known forms of coal are generally obtained by comminuting or grinding ordinary coals, preferably in self-grinding crushers, and in particular, flow mills, generally known as hurricane mills, find use. These mills do not contain air or free oxygen during comminution, otherwise the flow medium would adversely affect the ground coal to be used for e.g. rubber and other polymers. In the conventional coal grinding, a non-oxidizing atmosphere is necessary, since the decomposition of coal produces particles with more high reactivity; perhaps because the bonds were broken. This can occur during grinding with the consequence that such broken bonds react with atmospheric oxygen and thereby lose their reactivity. However, if the broken bonds are sufficiently protected, they may react exchanged with other polymer components, resulting in polymers or rubbers with excellent physical properties. The influence of oxygen is limited when grinding through an inert gas atmosphere, while when classifying by spraying with zinc stearate in an amount of about 0.1 or 1% of the product weight, the individual particles are coated with this stearate until a relatively uniform coating is obtained. This coating melts when the coke powder so sheathed is added to the natural rubber vulcanizing it. Coal prepared in a known way, used as an additive to natural rubber, can also be used as a filler for traditional plastics.

Other methods for the production of coke blends are known, e.g. according to the German patent DE-OS 1719517, whereby the surface of the ground plastic-doped particles is significantly enlarged.

There are known from the German patent DE-OS 2017 410 plastics for the production of pipes, plates, shields and other fittings by pressure extrusion and injection, in which electro-antistatic properties are obtained by doping electrically conductive carbon materials, as well as modified plastics containing graphite oleophilic, which is produced by the grinding of natural or synthetic graphite in an organic liquid in the absence of air.

All these materials have the disadvantage that the preparation of coal or coke is laborious and expensive, which increases the price of the finished product (per unit of its weight). Despite all their advantages, these materials are of limited use due to costs. Moreover, the disadvantage of these materials or plastic-filler combinations is their relatively low suitability for reuse (recirculation). Former-filler combinations known so far lose their quality significantly in the recirculation process and can only be reused in combination with virgin plastics, and without mixing with these virgin plastics they are only suitable for the production of less valuable moldings. In addition, there are considerable problems with the disposal of such materials as waste, which is very costly, if at all possible. For example, these materials do not decompose to a great extent in landfills and emit harmful substances when burned. These disadvantages are all the more significant as the use of plastics is constantly increasing.

In 1990, only in Germany, without the newly attached eastern federal states, over 9 ml tonnes of plastics were processed together with chemical fibers. With the officially adopted growth rate of 8% per year, the consumption of plastics in the former Federal Republic of Germany would increase to 19 million tonnes per year by 2000. Only this in 1996 would put into question the implementation of the intentions resulting from the government-adopted regulation on packaging, as the issue of disposal of plastic waste from industry and households has not yet been resolved.

Currently in West Germany. only about 7% of this waste is reused in the production cycle, while for aluminum the amount of recycling is 38.3%, for waste paper 40.7% and for glass 43.2%. Plastics are not biodegradable, and simply deposited in landfills would be lost for a long time to an unknown fate, emitting reaction products into the air and water.

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The combustion of most plastics, for example in waste incineration plants, is also very difficult due to the high proportion of ash from the fillers and the flue gas containing toxic dioxins and other substances. Such toxicologically critical groups of substances are released during combustion as they pass through the temperature range from 250 to 400 ° C and enter the Earth's atmosphere with the exhaust gases. Therefore, there are concerns about the implementation of special waste incineration installations.

It is particularly costly to select clean packaging materials and plastic items used at home, such as pens, foils, containers, canisters, toys and synthetic fibers, from mixed household waste. All these plastics consist of primary and secondary plastics, i.e. they have already been reused at least once. Due to the thermal and radiation effects, as well as melting and regranulation in the recirculation process, secondary plastics are of lower quality than primary plastics. If, due to the impossibility of separation, the plastics are not clean by nature (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, etc.) or the primary plastics are reused together with secondary plastics, or the plastics in their first use contain paints, stabilizers, plasticizers or other additives, there is an additional deterioration in quality and the re-use efficiency of such plastics becomes questionable. Therefore, only a small proportion of plastics are re-used, whereby pure plastics reused in the production cycle do not substantially deteriorate the end product. It should be noted, however, that even such materials may differ in the type of fillers or pigments used, so a loss of quality may be inevitable in some cases.

Even with the support of the dual system implemented in Germany, for example, it will be difficult to take over only 8 to 10% of pure plastics (e.g. polyethylene), 10 to 13% of similar types and approximately 10% of mixed and contaminated plastics from the entire production of primary plastics in the future. Recovered plastics do not find the necessary market acceptance due to their undoubtedly inferior quality, insufficient marking and finishing and too high price. In addition, there are legal and DIN standards that significantly restrict the use of secondary plastics. In summary, it can be concluded that the high costs of collection, selection, treatment, granulation, transport and re-distribution minimize the re-use of plastics in the production cycle. In addition, as a result of the obligation on the producer or trader to take back used plastic products, the market prices of primary plastics will increase by 25-30% in order to cover significant expenses related to the collection and classification and disposal of these materials as waste.

The existing system of recirculation of plastics will sooner or later lead to the creation of a mountain of already used plastics, which cannot be reused for thermal destruction.

The aim of the invention is to provide a process for the production of a material composed of carbon compounds, which can be processed on almost all existing machines and installations for the treatment of plastics, which not only has good mechanical, physical and processing properties, at least comparable to the known materials composed of carbon compounds, but also gives can be reused without reducing the quality of the product and can be easily disposed of without harming the environment.

The method of producing a material containing carbon compounds, suitable for processing into shapes, plates, pipes, films and the like, by means of all known machines for processing plastics, is characterized in that it is shredded at a very high speed into fine coal powder preferably with a grain size of 10 to 30 μιη, hard coals, coke from these coals or petroleum coke with little pollutants and ash, then this powder is added to thermoplastic polymers of the hydrocarbon group selected from polyethylenes or polypropylenes, the weight fraction of carbon powder being 20 to 70%, the rest of which are polymers, this mixture is heated

170 735 substances to a working temperature of 200-300 ° C and the thermoplastic polymers are chemically joined 7 with carbon powder using the bond energy released during impact grinding in a closed system of material treatment equipment, and obtaining a material that can be processed multiple times with a calorific value above 37,500 kJ / kg.

Preferably, an anthracite charcoal powder containing little ash and sulfur is finely ground, having approximately the following analytical values:

- carbon content> 94%

- ash content <2%

- volatile components <2.5%

- sulfur content <1.5%.

Preferably, the carbon powders are comminuted at high impact speed up to 320 m / s, preferably in a disk impact mill.

Preferably, the material is produced in a hermetically sealed treatment system under an inert gas atmosphere with a residual oxygen content below 3%.

Preferably, the fine coal powders are heated to processing temperature prior to addition to thermoplastic polymers.

Preferably, the thermoplastic polymers contain as additives only stabilizers, electrically conductive substances or pigments which, when the material or products made of it are thermally recovered, do not reduce the exhaust gases beyond the acceptable limits with toxic or harmful substances. Thanks to the invention, it was possible to create new possibilities of using solid fuels such as coke, coal, hard coal, petroleum coke, in particular anthracite, before their use as a source of thermal energy (for combustion), as long as these fuels are not polluted and contain little ash and are ground into fine carbon powder at a very high impact speed. It has been found that these carbon powder particles release the bonding energy at high impact velocity in a closed system of material treatment equipment, thereby chemically bonding to thermoplastic polymers without other additives. As a result, materials are created, and from them products with physical and technological properties much better than the polymers used so far. It is surprising, however, that these new materials can be used many times in the production cycle without losing quality, and having a high calorific value, they can be converted into thermal energy during combustion, while they are not burdensome in the combustion process, and the resulting exhaust gases do not contain more than acceptable measure of harmful substances. Thus, the new materials in circulation represent a significant reserve of harmless energy. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to convert this energy reserve into thermal energy even after repeated recirculation of the material, with no harm to the environment, with almost no additional costs, and without the incineration of waste or disposal in landfills.

In principle, fuels can be crushed in dedicated high-speed percussion devices. However, it has turned out to be particularly advantageous, effective and inexpensive to comminute in centrifugal disc mills according to DE 38 02 260 D2. Grinders of this type operate with counter-rotating, radially consecutive blade rims in such a way that swirl zones are formed in the annular zones between these rims, in which the fuel particles impinge each other at high speed, without harmful abrasion of the metal. Each of the fuel particles passing through consecutive radial swirl zones experiences an average of eight collisions with other particles, especially in the last zone between the penultimate and the outermost paddle ring, but also on the other side, impact velocities close to the speed of sound.

The grinding time in a disc vortex mill is 0.5 seconds and is extremely short compared to e.g. the grinding time of fuels in a ball mill or other grinding equipment, so that the material treatment is more effective than other mills, but also has a significant technological advantage because the energy released

The 170,735 bonds (ions or electrons) are not so quickly discharged to the ground through the metal structure of the treatment device.

A vortex mill of the aforementioned type has yet another advantage compared to other grinding methods. Namely, due to the high impact speed when grinding, and in particular hitting each other of the fuel particles, and not against the wall or the like. under the influence of centrifugal forces, and even without surface compaction in a ball mill, the high bond energy can be released and largely maintained, which can be almost fully utilized when the fuel particles are combined with the hydrocarbon polymers in the extruder to improve the quality of the material produced by the process of the invention . In the high impact grinding described above, the weakest bonds are broken down first, unlike in the case of cutting or tearing grinding, e.g. according to DE-OS 1592914. Only the weakest fuel particle bonds always release energy, which breaks into a plurality of stable microparticles. Thus, the particles of the resulting micropowder have strong bonds and the powder enters into chemical compounds with the given polymer, thanks to which the new material has excellent properties.

High impact speed grinding supplies the excitation energy to the hydrogen ions / electrons and the carbon electrons, which can therefore have free orbitals as well as a higher energy level. This process is temperature dependent. Therefore, according to the invention, the impact comminution as well as the mixing of the activated carbon powders with the polymers in the extruder are carried out with the application of heat and partly under an inert gas atmosphere to prevent the exchange of the released bond energy with the atmospheric oxygen. Moreover, the reactivity of the carbon powders increases by supplying thermal energy upstream and downstream of the extruder. It has been found that the best temperature for processing carbon powder with polymers in an extruder is in the range of 240-300 ° C. Descending too far below this range will not achieve the best properties of the new materials or good electrical conductivity.

The above-described treatment process by grinding with a high impact speed close to the speed of sound in the case of anthracite causes surface changes with the formation of pores with a diameter below 3.6 gm in the particle structure. As a result, the surface of the particles is increased by a factor of 10, compared to anthracite prepared in ball or vibratory mills (classification at grain size 40 gm). The grinding surface of impact was 28 m7g instead of 2,6 m ² / g and 2.8 m ² / g of the preparation in a ball mill or a vibration. The pores are formed because when crushing at a high impact speed close to the sound limit, a temperature of up to about 300 ° C is temporarily generated during impacts, in which volatile anthracite components are released. These micropores make the anthracite hygroscopic (water absorption up to 6%, partly also from the atmosphere). The ability of a liquid to penetrate into and deposit in these micropores depends on the molecular structure of the liquid in question. The H + ions, or at least the H + dipoles, occupy appropriate positions in the pores, so that OH 'ions or OH' dipoles can no longer be deposited there. (This process is time dependent). Extending the storage time of the anthracite before further processing in the extruder reduces the absorption of the OH 'group molecules, respectively. This process plays a large role in combining carbon powders, preferably anthracite powder, with polymers during extrusion and therefore has to be considered. From the preferred, for example, fragmented anthracite with H + ions, as can be seen in absorption tests with water or phenol, it must be concluded that in the material according to the invention, the hydrogen of the polymer CH2-CH2 chains is chemically linked to the carbon chains of the CCC anthracite.

The polymers used according to the invention are as pure polyethylenes or polypropylenes which are fused at a temperature of 240 to 300 ° C., for example in a twin screw extruder with screws rotating in the same direction. To this alloy is continuously added prepared carbon powder, preferably heated to 200-300 ° C, fine anthracite. The content of anthracite varies depending on the type of granulate within 40-80% by weight. The resulting molding material is granulated so that it can be used as components without loss of quality and processed into market products on almost all known machines or installations for processing plastics. It is made of, for example, shapes, plates, pipes, films, and also

170 735 chemical and UV resistant containers, tanks, barrels and canisters for chemical waste or special waste.

A fine coal powder is especially suitable for low ash and sulfur anthracite having approximately the following analytical parameters:

- carbon content above 94%

- ash content below 3.5%

- sulfur content below 1.5%

- volatile components below 2.5%

- calorific value above 35 500 kJ / kg.

This material consists of 70% by weight of powdered anthracite and 30% by weight of polyethylene. According to the invention, this ground anthracite powder is chemically combined to form a new material which, compared to pure polyethylene, has the following parameters.

Parameter DIN Polyethylene New material (standard) Breaking strength 53455 25 n / mm ² 35 N / mm2 Extendability 53455 6% 2% Bending strength 53452 18 N / mm2 44 N / mm2 Modulus of longitudinal elasticity 53457 840 N / mm2 2460 N / mm2 Impact 53453 no breakthrough no breakthrough Softening point ISO 306 Vicat 78 ° C 107 ° C Conductivity 2 · 1ΰ1 ⁴ Ω 1 10 ⁶ Ω Cold impact no breakthrough no breakthrough

Other data and comparisons are derived from graphic representations. These parameters are superior to most prior art materials. With aging in the event of weathering, the breaking strength of the new material does not decrease to the same extent as that of pure polyethylene (PE). Even after 500 hours, the impact strength is fully preserved.

According to the invention, fine carbon powders, depending on the intended use of the material, are ground and classified into grain sizes of 10 - 90 μπι. Their proportion in the material produced by the method according to the invention is 20-70% by weight, the balance to 1 %0% by weight being polymers.

Of particular importance is that the value of the material according to the invention exceeds conventional fuels, as shown in the table below:

Material Calorific value Coal Natural gas A material made according to the invention 21-33 kJ / g 37 kJ / g up to 38.5 kJ / g (depending on the weight fraction of polymers)

Therefore, even after several reuse cycles, this material can be disposed of as waste by incineration in power plants, cement plants, lime kilns, etc., obtaining thermal energy without harm to the environment. Until now, when burning plastics in special installations, it was necessary to spend up to 400, - DM per ton. On the other hand, the supplier of waste from the material produced according to the invention receives payment from power plants, cement plants, lime kilns etc. for the high calorific value of the waste. Due to the high carbon content (over 90%), such waste material can also be used in the steel industry

100 037 for improving the quality of steel. There is no excessive contamination of the combustion system and no exhaust gas load with harmful substances.

Specially treated granules or material powders with high strength, thermal resistance and electrical conductivity are obtained when the material is prepared in a closed treatment system cut off from the surrounding air in an inert gas atmosphere, possibly with a residual oxygen content of up to 3%, and until further The transformations are stored in these materials hermetically packed without air access. The harmless disposal of waste is achieved thanks to the fact that the thermoplastic polymers added each time as additives, stabilizers, electric conductors or pigments contain only those substances which, when the material or products made of it are burned, produce exhaust gases not overloaded with toxic or harmful substances.

A material consisting, for example, of 70% by weight of anthracite powder and 30% by weight of polyethylenes at normal ambient temperature up to a maximum of 37 ° C has been found to be resistant to chemicals and UV radiation. (Test time 2000 hours, anthracite powder with a maximum particle size of 60 pm).

By cross-linking the material produced according to the invention with an electron accelerator, it is possible to significantly increase the strength and thermal resistance of the products made of this material (e.g. pipes, containers, barrels, moldings, etc.). However, the thermoplastic properties deteriorate with the degree of cross-linking. Densely cross-linked materials can no longer be reused, but they do not lose their advantages as a low-harmful fuel with a high calorific value.

The subject of the invention is explained in more detail in the example of the drawing, in which Figures 1 to 6 show the essential properties of the materials according to the invention with regard to parameters. Fig. 1 shows how the breaking strength (= yield stress) of the materials produced according to the invention changes with increasing the proportion of anthracite with a grain size of 60 gm. Pure polyethylene (PE) is used as a 100% reference base. The analytical values of anthracite correspond to those specified in claim 2. With decreasing grain size of the anthracite powder, the breaking strength slightly increases.

FIG. 2 shows the increase in strength of the materials according to the invention as a function of the weight fraction of anthracite. Polyethylene (PE) with a strength of 25.2 N / mm ² and pure polypropylene (PP) with a strength of 32.6 N / mm ² are used as a reference base. Anthracite has a graining of 60pm again. Interestingly, the material with PE as the polymer component has a much higher breaking strength than the material containing PP as the polymer component. Obviously, the anthracite prepared according to the invention reacts more stably with PE than with PP. In both materials, as the weight fraction of anthracite increases, the breaking strength increases in different ways.

Fig. 3 shows the impact strength of the materials produced according to the invention as a function of the different fineness of anthracite in the material. In principle, the full impact strength is maintained with a particle size of 90 µm of anthracite powder and with an anthracite weight fraction of up to 30%. As the anthracite content grows, it decreases and reaches the lower value of 20% with an anthracite weight content of 60%. Materials in which the anthracite powder has a particle size of 60 gm, 30 pm or 10 pm behave similarly. If we want the impact strength of the new material with a high weight fraction of anthracite, it is recommended to choose a smaller grain size.

Referring to Fig. 4, the impact strength of the materials produced according to the invention does not change with aging under atmospheric conditions. On the other hand, PE crumbles after 250 hours. In industry, this disadvantage of PE is usually compensated for by adding stabilizers. The material produced according to the invention takes place without these additives.

According to Fig. 5, the weight fraction of anthracite also has an influence on the electrical conductivity, which reaches a maximum with an anthracite content of 60% (corresponding to the minimum surface resistance).

According to FIG. 6, the material retains virtually all its tear strength after recirculation several times. The elongation is increasing. Only after the third material recirculation does the impact strength drop to 50%. Also with the number of material reuse cycles

170 735, the notched impact strength is reduced. However, even after recirculation five times, both parameters of many products are still quite sufficient. The softening point drops only slightly. The number of reuse cycles does not affect the high calorific value of new rt JAtł r inatCi ιαιν w.

As can be seen in Fig. 7, the weight fraction of anthracite also influences the softening point of the new materials. Starting from a softening point of 78 ° C of pure PE, which was taken as 100%, with a 70% weight fraction of anthracite with a grain size of 60 [mu] m, the softening point of the material is close to 137%, that is to about 107 ° C.

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Publishing Department of the Polish Patent Office. Circulation 90 copies. Price PLN 4.00

Claims (6)

Patent claims 1. A method of producing a material containing carbon compounds suitable for processing into shapes, plates, pipes, films and the like, by means of all known machines for processing plastics, characterized in that it is shredded at a very high speed into a fine powder coal, preferably with a grain size of 10 to 30 µm, hard coal, coke from these coals or petroleum coke with little pollutants and ash, then this powder is added to thermoplastic polymers of the hydrocarbon group selected from polyethylenes or polypropylenes, the weight fraction of carbon powder is 20 to 70%, supplemented by polymers, this mixture of substances is heated to a working temperature of 200-300 ° C and these thermoplastic polymers are chemically combined with the carbon powder using the bond energy released by impact grinding in a closed system of material treatment equipment and making it fit for wi recycled material with a calorific value above 37 500 kJ / kg. 2. The method according to p. The process of claim 1, characterized in that an anthracite containing little ash and sulfur, having approximately the following analytical values, is finely ground: - carbon content> 94% - ash content <2% - volatile components <2.5% - sulfur content <1.5%. 3. The method according to p. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carbon powders are comminuted at high impact speed up to 320 m / s, preferably in a disk impact mill. 4. The method according to p. The process of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material is produced in a hermetically sealed treatment system under an inert gas atmosphere with a residual oxygen content below 3%. 5. The method according to p. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fine carbon powders are heated to operating temperature before being added to thermoplastic polymers. 6. The method according to p. The thermoplastic polymers according to claim 1 or 2, contain only stabilizers, electrically conductive substances or pigments as additives, which do not overload the exhaust gases with toxic or harmful substances during the thermal recovery of the material or products made of it.