PL107460B1 - GALVANIC CELL WITH NEGATIVE ELECTRODE OF LIGHT METAL WITH ANHYDROUS ELECTROLYTE AND POSITIVE ELECTRODE OF METAL OXIDE - Google Patents

GALVANIC CELL WITH NEGATIVE ELECTRODE OF LIGHT METAL WITH ANHYDROUS ELECTROLYTE AND POSITIVE ELECTRODE OF METAL OXIDE Download PDF

Info

Publication number
PL107460B1
PL107460B1 PL1976191017A PL19101776A PL107460B1 PL 107460 B1 PL107460 B1 PL 107460B1 PL 1976191017 A PL1976191017 A PL 1976191017A PL 19101776 A PL19101776 A PL 19101776A PL 107460 B1 PL107460 B1 PL 107460B1
Authority
PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
electrode
cell
lithium
negative electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PL1976191017A
Other languages
Polish (pl)
Original Assignee
Varta Batterie Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Varta Batterie Ag filed Critical Varta Batterie Ag
Publication of PL107460B1 publication Critical patent/PL107460B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/56Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

Przedmiotem wynalazku jest ogniwo galwanicz¬ ne z elektroda ujemna z metalu lekkiego, z bez¬ wodnym elektrolitem i elektroda dodatnia z tlen¬ ku metalu- Metale lekkie charakteryzuja sie — ze wzgledu na niewielka wartosc równowaznika chemicznego i duza wartosc potencjalu normalnego elektrod redoksy — szczególnie wysoka gestoscia energii przy zastosowaniu jako materialy elektrodowe do ogniw galwanicznych. Z tego 'wzgledu lit szcze¬ gólnie nadaje sie jako material na elektrody.Latwosc wchodzenia w reakcje chemiczne meta¬ li lekkich wymaga z jednej strony stosowania bezwodnych elektrolitów, a z drugiej strony sta¬ wia szczególne wymagania odnosnie wyboru ma¬ terialu efektrody dodatniej. Wiekszosc materialów wykazuje zbyt duza rozpuszczalnosc w elek¬ trolitach, na skutek czego pojemnosc uzytkowa ogniw z takimi elektrolitami ulega szybkiemu zmniejszenu w czasie skladowania. W przypadku zastosowania innych materialów wystepuje silne zahamowanie reakcji chemicznej bedacej zródlem pradu, co nie pozwala na wyladowywanie ogniwa przy duzych gestosciach pradu- Znane jest z niemieckiego opisu patentowego nr 2 010 989 ogniwo galwaniczne z ujemna elektro¬ da litowa i dodatnia elektroda z halogenku metalu lub tlenku metalu z elektrolitem zawierajacym szesciofluoroarsenian litu rozpuszczony w estrze me- 10 15 20 25 30 tylowym kwasu tluszczowego z niewielka iloscia a- tomów wegla. Jako rozpuszczalnik zastosowany jest ester metylowy kwasu mrówkowego, natomiast elektroda dodatnia jest wykonana z pieciotlenku wanadu.W niemieckim opisie wylozeniowym nr 2 363 268 opisane jest ogniwo z elektroda dodatnia z trój¬ tlenku molibdenu i elektroda ujemna litowa. Te znanej ogniwa wykazuja jednakze wady, wynikaja¬ ce z malej gestosci energii oraz ze wzgledu na wy¬ soka cene materialu katody. Poza tym, materialy z których wykonana jest elektroda dodatnia sa w znacznym stopniu rozpuszczalne w elektrolitach organicznych, co wywiera duzy wplyw na ogra¬ niczenie okresu skladowania ogniwa. Ponadto, og¬ niwo z ujemna elektroda litowa i dodatnia elekt¬ roda z pieciotlenku wanadu charakteryzuje sie stosunkowo duzym napieciem wyladowywania, na skutek czego nie jest ono wymienne z tradycyj¬ nymi ogniwami typu Leclanche.Wedlug wynalazku ogniwo galwaniczne z elek¬ troda ujemna z metalu lekkiego, z bezwodnym elektrolitem i elektroda dodatnia z tlenku metalu, której elektrochemicznie redukowalna czesc skla¬ dowa, stanowi Pb304, charakteryzuje sie tym, ze elektrolit stanowi roztwór soli litu, jako soli prze¬ wodzacej, to mieszaninie weglanu propylenu lub butyrolaktonu i 1,2 dwumetoksyetanu. Korzyst¬ nie elektrolit stanowi 1-molowy roztwór nadchlo¬ ranu litowego. 107 460107 460 4 Ponadto w ogniwie wedlug wynalazku korzyst¬ ny stosunek objetosciowy weglanu propylenu lub butyrolaktonu do 1,2 dwumetoksyetanu wynosi w elektrolicie 40 : 60.W 1-molowym roztworze nadchloranu litowego w mieszaninie 40% objetosciowo weglanu propyle¬ nu i 60% objetosciowo 1,2 dwumetoksyetanu lub 1-molowym roztworze nadchloranu litowego w mieszaninie skladajacej sie z 40% objetosciowo butyrolaktonu i 60% objetosciowo 1,2 — dwume¬ toksyetanu, Pb304 jest praktycznie nierozpuszczal¬ ny- Jako elektrolity mozna stosowac równiez, obok wyzej wymienionych roztworów, roztwory nad¬ chloranu litowego, szesciofluoroarsenianu litowe¬ go, szesciofluorofosforanu litowego, glinochlorku litowego, bromku litowego i borofluorku litowego w rozpuszczalnikach: czterohydrofuran, dioksolan, dwuetylosiarczyn, siarczyn glikolu propylenowego, mrówczan metylu, octan metylu, 1,2 dwumetylo- oksyetan, butyrolakton, dwumetyloweglan lub weg¬ lan propylenu. Mozna równiez stosowac mieszani¬ ny tych roztworów.Zastosowano Pb304 jako material elektrody do¬ datniej ze wzgledu na duza wartosc stosunku--po¬ jemnosc i do jednostki objetosci. Wartosc ta wy¬ nosi 2840 Ah/1. Kombinacji elektrody Pb304 z elektroda litowa, jako elektroda ujemna, poniewaz napiecie wyladowywania tej kombinacji odpowia¬ da napieciu wyladowywania tradycyjnego ogniwa typu Leclanche, co daje mozliwosci wymiany z ogniwami tradycyjnymi.Ogniwo wedlug wynalazku nadaje sie bardzo dobrze do skladowania, a jego dodatkowa zaleta sa niskie koszty stosowanych surowców.Na zalaczonym rysunku przedstawiono przebieg napiecia wyladowania ogniwa w zaleznosci od czasu uzytkowania ogniwa. Jak widac z przebiegu krzywej, ogniwo moze byc wyladowywane przy stalym napieciu w ciagu 350 godzin przy gestosci pradu ImA/cm2. Niespodziewanie, nie wystepuje w trakcie wyladowywania stopien napieciowy, czego mozna bylo sie spodziewac ze wzgledu na 10 rózne wartosciowosci olowiu znajdujacego sie w czynnej dodatniej substancji. Gestosc energii og¬ niwa wynosi ponad 600 Wh/l. Napiecie otwartego ogniwa wynosi 2,1 V, napiecie wyladowywania 1,5 V.Przyklad wykonania ogniwa wedlug wynalazku.Mialko rozdrobniony Pbg04 zmieszany z 1 —-10% wagowo, grafitu jako substancji przewodzacej i z 0,3 — 1% wagowo, spoiwa np- policzterofluoro- etylenu prasuje sie w formie tabletki na elektro¬ de. Tabletke wprasowuje sie bezposrednio w dol¬ na czesc kapsulki ogniwa w formie guzika, lub owija w siatke niklowa o malych oczkach i wklada do dolnej czesci kapsulki ogniwa. Na tabletke kla- 15 dzie sie warstwe separujaca o grubosci 1,5 mm- z wlókniny polipropylenowej lub szklanej. Na war¬ stwe separatora nakrapla sie roztwór elektrolitu.Jako elektrolit stosuje sie korzystnie 1-molowy roztwór nadchloranu litowego w 40% objetoscio- 20 wo butyrolaktonu lub weglanu propylenu i 60% objetosciowo 1,2 dwumetoksyetanu. Jako elektro¬ de ujemna krazek blachy litowej odpowiedniej grubosci wprasowuje sie w siatke niklowa przyspa- wana punktowo do wewnetrznej czesci pokrywy 25 ogniwa. Ogniwo zamyka sie ogólnie stosowanym sposobem.Zastrzezenia patentowe 1- Ogniwo galwaniczne z elektroda ujemna z metalu lekkiego, z bezwodnym elektrolitem i elek- 30 troda dodatnia z tlenku metalu, której elektroche¬ micznie redukowalna czesc skladowa, stanowi Pb304, znamienne tym, ze elektrolit stanowi roz¬ twór soli litu, jako soli przewodzacej, w mieszani¬ nie weglanu propylenu lub butyrolaktonu i 1,2- 35 dwumetoksyetanu. 2. Ogniwo wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienne tym, ze elektrolit stanowi 1-molowy roztwór nadchloranu litowego. 3. Ogniwo wedlug zastrz- 1, znamienne tym, ze 40 stosunek objetosciowy w elektrolicie weglanu propylenu lub butyrolaktonu do 1,2 dwumetyo- ksyetanu wynosi 40 : 60.U (V) 2,0] 10 100 200 300 t(h) LZGraf. Tomaszów Lub. zam. — 2815 Cena 45 zl PLThe subject of the invention is a galvanic cell with a negative electrode made of light metal, with an anhydrous electrolyte and a positive electrode made of metal oxide. Light metals are characterized - due to the low value of the chemical equivalent and the high value of the normal potential of redox electrodes - especially high energy density when used as electrode materials for galvanic cells. For this reason, lithium is particularly suitable as an electrode material. The ease of reacting light metals requires, on the one hand, the use of anhydrous electrolytes, and, on the other hand, makes particular demands on the choice of the positive-effect material. Most of the materials have too high solubility in the electrolytes, as a result of which the useful capacity of the cells with such electrolytes quickly decreases during storage. In the case of using other materials, there is a strong inhibition of the chemical reaction being the source of the current, which does not allow the discharge of the cell at high current densities - It is known from the German patent specification No. 2 010 989 a galvanic cell with a negative lithium electrode and a positive metal halide electrode or metal oxide with an electrolyte containing lithium hexafluoroarsenate dissolved in fatty acid methyl ester with a small amount of carbon atoms. Formic acid methyl ester is used as the solvent, while the positive electrode is made of vanadium pentoxide. DE 2 363 268 describes a cell with a molybdenum trioxide positive electrode and a lithium negative electrode. These known cells, however, suffer from disadvantages of low energy density and of the high cost of the cathode material. Moreover, the materials from which the positive electrode is made are largely soluble in organic electrolytes, which has a large impact on limiting the storage life of the cell. In addition, the negative lithium electrode and the positive vanadium pentoxide electrode have a relatively high discharge voltage, so that they are not interchangeable with traditional Leclanche cells. According to the invention, the galvanic cell with the negative metal electrode is light, with an anhydrous electrolyte and a positive metal oxide electrode, the electrochemically reducible component of which is Pb304, characterized by the fact that the electrolyte is a solution of a lithium salt as conducting salt, a mixture of propylene carbonate or butyrolactone and 1,2 dimethoxyethane. The electrolyte is preferably a 1 molar solution of lithium perchlorate. 107 460 107 460 4 Moreover, in the cell according to the invention, the preferred volumetric ratio of propylene carbonate or butyrolactone to 1.2 by volume of dimethoxyethane in the electrolyte is 40:60. In a 1-molar lithium perchlorate solution in a mixture of 40% by volume propylene carbonate and 60% by volume. 1,2 dimethoxyethane or a 1 molar solution of lithium perchlorate in a mixture of 40% by volume of butyrolactone and 60% by volume of 1,2-dimethoxyethane, Pb304 is practically insoluble - The electrolytes can also be used in addition to the above-mentioned solutions, solutions of lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium bromide and lithium borofluoride in solvents: tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, diethyl sulfite, propylene glycol sulfite, methyl ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl acetate dimethyl carbonate or propylene carbonate. Mixtures of these solutions can also be used. Pb304 has been used as the material of the positive electrode due to its large value of the ratio - volume and per unit of volume. This value is 2840 Ah / l. The combination of a Pb304 electrode with a lithium electrode as a negative electrode, because the discharge voltage of this combination corresponds to the discharge voltage of a traditional Leclanche cell, which makes it possible to replace it with traditional cells. According to the invention, the cell is very suitable for storage, and its additional advantage is low The costs of the raw materials used. The attached figure shows the course of the cell discharge voltage depending on the cell usage time. As can be seen from the curve, a cell can be discharged at constant voltage for 350 hours with a current density of ImA / cm2. Surprisingly, there is no voltage stage during the discharge, which could be expected due to the 10 different values of lead in the active positive substance. The energy density of the cell is over 600 Wh / l. The open-cell voltage is 2.1 V, the discharge voltage is 1.5 V. An example of the cell according to the invention. Fine ground Pbg04 mixed with 1 - 10% by weight, graphite as a conductive substance and with 0.3 - 1% by weight, binder, e.g. The polytetrafluoroethylene is pressed in the form of a tablet on the electrode. The tablet is pressed directly on the bottom of the cell capsule in the form of a button, or wrapped in a small mesh nickel mesh and inserted into the bottom of the cell capsule. The tablet is provided with a 1.5 mm thick separating layer made of polypropylene or glass nonwoven fabric. An electrolyte solution is dripped onto the separator layer. The electrolyte used is preferably a 1 molar solution of lithium perchlorate in 40% by volume of butyrolactone or propylene carbonate and 60% by volume of 1.2 dimethoxyethane. As a negative electrode, a pulley of a lithium sheet of suitable thickness is pressed into a nickel mesh spot welded to the inner part of the cell cover 25. The cell is closed by a generally used method. a solution of a lithium salt as the conductive salt in a mixture of propylene carbonate or butyrolactone and 1,2- dimethoxyethane. 2. Link according to claim The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a 1 molar lithium perchlorate solution. 3. Cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the volumetric ratio in the electrolyte of propylene carbonate or butyrolactone to 1.2 dimethoxyethane is 40: 60.U (V) 2.0] 10 100 200 300 t (h) LZGraf . Tomaszów Lub. residing - 2815 Price PLN 45 PL

Claims (3)

Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. - Ogniwo galwaniczne z elektroda ujemna z metalu lekkiego, z bezwodnym elektrolitem i elek- 30 troda dodatnia z tlenku metalu, której elektroche¬ micznie redukowalna czesc skladowa, stanowi Pb304, znamienne tym, ze elektrolit stanowi roz¬ twór soli litu, jako soli przewodzacej, w mieszani¬ nie weglanu propylenu lub butyrolaktonu i 1,2- 35 dwumetoksyetanu. Claims 1. - Galvanic cell with a light metal negative electrode with an anhydrous electrolyte and a positive metal oxide electrode, the electrochemically reducible component of which is Pb304, characterized in that the electrolyte is a lithium salt solution, as a conducting salt, in a mixture of propylene carbonate or butyrolactone and 1,2- dimethoxyethane. 2. Ogniwo wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienne tym, ze elektrolit stanowi 1-molowy roztwór nadchloranu litowego. 2. Link according to claim The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a 1 molar lithium perchlorate solution. 3. Ogniwo wedlug zastrz- 1, znamienne tym, ze 40 stosunek objetosciowy w elektrolicie weglanu propylenu lub butyrolaktonu do 1,2 dwumetyo- ksyetanu wynosi 40 : 60. U (V) 2,0] 10 100 200 300 t(h) LZGraf. Tomaszów Lub. zam. — 2815 Cena 45 zl PL3. Cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the volumetric ratio in the electrolyte of propylene carbonate or butyrolactone to 1.2 dimethoxyethane is 40:60. U (V) 2.0] 10 100 200 300 t (h) LZGraf . Tomaszów Lub. residing - 2815 Price PLN 45 PL
PL1976191017A 1975-08-08 1976-07-08 GALVANIC CELL WITH NEGATIVE ELECTRODE OF LIGHT METAL WITH ANHYDROUS ELECTROLYTE AND POSITIVE ELECTRODE OF METAL OXIDE PL107460B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2535468A DE2535468C3 (en) 1975-08-08 1975-08-08 Galvanic element with a negative electrode made of light metal, a non-aqueous electrolyte and a positive metal oxide electrode with Pb 3 O4 as an electrochemically reducible component

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL107460B1 true PL107460B1 (en) 1980-02-29

Family

ID=5953582

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL1976191017A PL107460B1 (en) 1975-08-08 1976-07-08 GALVANIC CELL WITH NEGATIVE ELECTRODE OF LIGHT METAL WITH ANHYDROUS ELECTROLYTE AND POSITIVE ELECTRODE OF METAL OXIDE

Country Status (7)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5221623A (en)
CA (1) CA1043865A (en)
CH (1) CH600591A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2535468C3 (en)
FR (1) FR2320640A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1499626A (en)
PL (1) PL107460B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2404313A1 (en) * 1977-09-23 1979-04-20 Accumulateurs Fixes SPECIFIC HIGH ENERGY ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR CONTAINING AN IMPROVED POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL
DE3129634A1 (en) * 1980-09-06 1982-04-15 Varta Batterie Ag, 3000 Hannover Galvanic element
FR2508240A1 (en) * 1981-06-17 1982-12-24 Gipelec Electrochemical cell with cation conductive vitreous electrolyte - formed by powder compaction on cathode with lithium disc superimposed
JPH02256543A (en) * 1989-03-30 1990-10-17 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Seat having seat belt for vehicle
US5286073A (en) * 1990-06-20 1994-02-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Device for fastening ajar door

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3532543A (en) * 1968-02-21 1970-10-06 Aerojet General Co Battery employing lithium - sulphur electrodes with non-aqueous electrolyte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2535468B2 (en) 1980-04-24
JPS5221623A (en) 1977-02-18
FR2320640B1 (en) 1979-06-22
DE2535468A1 (en) 1977-02-17
CA1043865A (en) 1978-12-05
CH600591A5 (en) 1978-06-30
DE2535468C3 (en) 1980-12-11
GB1499626A (en) 1978-02-01
FR2320640A1 (en) 1977-03-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4002492A (en) Rechargeable lithium-aluminum anode
US4163829A (en) Metallic reducing additives for solid cathodes for use in nonaqueous cells
CA2459111A1 (en) Direct addition of beta-aminoenones in organic electrolytes of nonaqueous cells employing solid cathodes
JPH11191417A (en) Nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery and manufacture thereof
JPS623547B2 (en)
US4497726A (en) Electrode material
US4309491A (en) Electric cell with a non-aqueous electrolyte
AU593980B2 (en) Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur dioxide electrochemical cell
US3998658A (en) High voltage organic electrolyte batteries
PL107460B1 (en) GALVANIC CELL WITH NEGATIVE ELECTRODE OF LIGHT METAL WITH ANHYDROUS ELECTROLYTE AND POSITIVE ELECTRODE OF METAL OXIDE
JPH02204976A (en) Electrochenical battery and its manufacture
JP3152307B2 (en) Lithium secondary battery
US4581305A (en) Electrochemical cell
JPH06275322A (en) Lithium battery
JP3017756B2 (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP3217456B2 (en) Battery electrolyte solution and battery electrolyte using the same
US4621036A (en) Halogenated organic solid depolarizer
JP3128230B2 (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JPS63307663A (en) Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP2526093B2 (en) Lithium secondary battery
JPH06275312A (en) Full solid lithium battery
JPH0610983B2 (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte battery
EP0144429B1 (en) Rechargeable electrochemical apparatus and negative pole therefor
JPH05299118A (en) Nonaque0us solvent for electrolyte of battery
JP3305707B2 (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery