NZ517679A - Process for stabilizing the whiteness of lignin- containing fibrous materials, stabilizer composition and fibrous materials stabilized - Google Patents
Process for stabilizing the whiteness of lignin- containing fibrous materials, stabilizer composition and fibrous materials stabilizedInfo
- Publication number
- NZ517679A NZ517679A NZ517679A NZ51767902A NZ517679A NZ 517679 A NZ517679 A NZ 517679A NZ 517679 A NZ517679 A NZ 517679A NZ 51767902 A NZ51767902 A NZ 51767902A NZ 517679 A NZ517679 A NZ 517679A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- whiteness
- stabilizer
- group
- fibrous material
- lignin
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- -1 thio compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HDFRDWFLWVCOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonothioic O,S-acid Chemical compound OC(S)=O HDFRDWFLWVCOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monothioglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)CS PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 101150009274 nhr-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229940035024 thioglycerol Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RSPCKAHMRANGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiohydroxylamine Chemical class SN RSPCKAHMRANGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010024636 Glutathione Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960003180 glutathione Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- PMNLUUOXGOOLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(S)C(O)=O PMNLUUOXGOOLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamyl alcohol Chemical compound OC\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPCFNWEPHTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxidopiperidin-1-ium-4-ol Chemical group CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)[NH+]1[O-] FAPCFNWEPHTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010038807 Oligopeptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000015636 Oligopeptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N dithiothreitol Chemical compound SC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100516956 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica NPR2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylic benzylic alcohol Natural products OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N d-xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- RBYFKCAAFQIZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-1,3,5-triazine-2-thione Chemical compound S=C1N=CN=CN1 RBYFKCAAFQIZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZLCOWUKVVFVVKA-WDSKDSINSA-N (2r)-3-[[(2r)-2-acetamido-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl]-2-aminopropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CSSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O ZLCOWUKVVFVVKA-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FVRXOULDGSWPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyrazole-3-thione Chemical compound SC1=CC=NN1 FVRXOULDGSWPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AFBBKYQYNPNMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ium-3-thiolate Chemical compound SC=1N=CNN=1 AFBBKYQYNPNMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-cystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CSSC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M thioglycolate(1-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims 1
- LXXNWCFBZHKFPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl 2-mercaptopropionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)S LXXNWCFBZHKFPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 102100031260 Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase THEM4 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101000638510 Homo sapiens Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase THEM4 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RVEZZJVBDQCTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfenic acid Chemical class SO RVEZZJVBDQCTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(S)C(O)=O NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexanethiol Chemical compound CCCCCCS PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSGAUKGQUCHWDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1O CSGAUKGQUCHWDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- VPTUPAVOBUEXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-hydroxy-2-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)CP(O)(O)=O VPTUPAVOBUEXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILTMTJGSDHSEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-octadecylpiperidin-4-yl) hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN1C(C)(C)CC(OC(O)=O)CC1(C)C ILTMTJGSDHSEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-Hexanetriol Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)CO ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYMPLPIFKRHAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-ethanedithiol Chemical compound SCCS VYMPLPIFKRHAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC=N1 JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000190 1,4-diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YMDCAYHEWFKCFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-1-oxidopiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound O[N+]1([O-])CCCCC1 YMDCAYHEWFKCFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCJDXHSSMDQRBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-ol;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)[NH+]1O QCJDXHSSMDQRBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSJDJKUYRKSIDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-sulfanylpropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCC(S)S(O)(=O)=O CSJDJKUYRKSIDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAZJTCQWIDBCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-triazine-6-thione Chemical class SC1=CC=NN=N1 HAZJTCQWIDBCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRIJSYATNFJXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diamino-1h-1,3,5-triazine-4-thione Chemical class NC1=NC(=S)N=C(N)N1 HRIJSYATNFJXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBORKXXLPAUKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanethiol Chemical class COCCOCCS CDBORKXXLPAUKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNDCQWGRLNGNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethoxy)ethanethiol Chemical class SCCOCCS CNDCQWGRLNGNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJGQBLRYBUAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1N1N=C2C=CC=CC2=N1 FJGQBLRYBUAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQNCKWXXHNJAQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanedioic acid Chemical class COC1=CC(C=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O)=CC=C1O QQNCKWXXHNJAQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLUVOPCURXPQJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethanethiol Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCS MLUVOPCURXPQJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQZLXZWXCZGLSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-sulfo-4-(triazin-4-ylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]-5-(triazin-4-ylamino)benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=CC=2C(=CC(NC=3N=NN=CC=3)=CC=2)S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=1NC1=CC=NN=N1 UQZLXZWXCZGLSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMNZCNLFZBWMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-ol Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)[NH+]1O.CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)[NH+]1O.CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)[NH+]1O.CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)[NH+]1O.[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O IMNZCNLFZBWMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJSYPAGPNHFLML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;3-sulfanylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS.OC(=O)CCS.OC(=O)CCS.CCC(CO)(CO)CO JJSYPAGPNHFLML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNCXDHOJMZMEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-n-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzohydrazide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C(=O)N(N)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O DNCXDHOJMZMEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHBCDAHASFSLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NN(O)N=C21 PHBCDAHASFSLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBWKPGNFQQJGFY-QLFBSQMISA-N 3-[(1r)-1-[(2r,6s)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]ethyl]-n-[6-methyl-3-(1h-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-yl]-1,2-thiazol-5-amine Chemical compound N1([C@H](C)C2=NSC(NC=3C4=NC=C(N4C=C(C)N=3)C3=CNN=C3)=C2)C[C@H](C)O[C@H](C)C1 QBWKPGNFQQJGFY-QLFBSQMISA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDEQWLIEZCCOEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-benzoyl-4,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethoxycyclohex-2-ene-1,1-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1(S(O)(=O)=O)C(OC)(OC)CC(O)(O)C(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BDEQWLIEZCCOEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCQBZYNUSLHVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCS DCQBZYNUSLHVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMRAYTPNXKJWAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(methylamino)-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione Chemical compound CNC1=NN=C(S)S1 JMRAYTPNXKJWAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQLZTRHXUSFZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-1h-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithione Chemical compound NC1=NC(=S)NC(=S)N1 QQLZTRHXUSFZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L Copper gluconate Chemical class [Cu+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWBPRDONLNQCFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tri-allate Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(=O)SCC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl MWBPRDONLNQCFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004904 UV filter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229960004308 acetylcysteine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000490 cinnamyl group Chemical group C(C=CC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125846 compound 25 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L dithionite(2-) Chemical class [O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004715 keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000176 photostabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ACTRVOBWPAIOHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N succimer Chemical compound OC(=O)C(S)C(S)C(O)=O ACTRVOBWPAIOHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiirane Chemical compound C1CS1 VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical class [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/143—Agents preventing ageing of paper, e.g. radiation absorbing substances
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10112101A DE10112101A1 (de) | 2001-03-14 | 2001-03-14 | Verfahren zur Weißgradstabilisierung ligninhaltiger Faserstoffmaterialien, Stabilisatorzusammensetzung und damit stabilisierte Faserstoffmaterialien |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NZ517679A true NZ517679A (en) | 2004-02-27 |
Family
ID=7677319
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ517679A NZ517679A (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2002-03-07 | Process for stabilizing the whiteness of lignin- containing fibrous materials, stabilizer composition and fibrous materials stabilized |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20020174491A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1241296A3 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU779547B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2376543A1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE10112101A1 (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO20021248L (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ517679A (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10163344B4 (de) * | 2001-12-21 | 2006-01-19 | Papierfabrik Schoeller & Hoesch Gmbh & Co. Kg | Lichtbeständiges Overlaypapier, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung desselben |
| DE10343047B4 (de) * | 2003-09-16 | 2008-08-07 | Zfb Project-Management Gmbh | Antioxidationsmittel für organisches Material und Verfahren zur Behandlung desselben |
| DE10359533A1 (de) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Beschichtungsstoffe für Holzsubstrate |
| US8864892B2 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-10-21 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Tailorable lignosulfonate carbonate adhesives |
| CN104404825B (zh) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-08-17 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种热稳定型高得率浆返黄抑制剂的制备方法 |
| US10632221B2 (en) | 2016-03-28 | 2020-04-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Long lasting and stable freshening compositions and methods of freshening the air |
| CN112064409A (zh) * | 2019-06-11 | 2020-12-11 | 广州腾龙材料科技有限公司 | 复合脂肪酸色泽亮度调节剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1441109A (en) * | 1973-01-23 | 1976-06-30 | Ici Ltd | Coating compositions |
| US4871423A (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1989-10-03 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Enhanced dithionite bleaching |
| DE3851931T2 (de) * | 1987-09-21 | 1995-03-16 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Stabilisierung einer Beschichtung mit sterisch gehinderten N-hydroxysubstituierten Aminen. |
| FR2636358B1 (fr) * | 1988-09-09 | 1991-06-28 | Centre Tech Ind Papier | Procede pour ameliorer la stabilite a la lumiere des materiaux ligno-cellulosiques |
| IT1264946B1 (it) * | 1993-07-16 | 1996-10-17 | Ciba Geigy Spa | Derivati del 2,2,6,6-tetrametil-4-piperidinolo utili come stabilizzanti alla luce ed all'ossidazione per materiali organici. |
| GB2284829A (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1995-06-21 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Filler and coating composition for paper |
| US6030495A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 2000-02-29 | Queens's University At Kingston | Method for increasing brightness in pulp paper and polymeric materials |
| JP3352567B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-28 | 2002-12-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 塗膜をもつ樹脂成形品 |
| GB9617322D0 (en) * | 1996-08-17 | 1996-09-25 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Triazine derivatives and their use |
| US5932735A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1999-08-03 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Derivatives of 1-oxyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine as polymerization inhibitors for (meth)acrylate monomers |
| AU723502B2 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 2000-08-31 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. | Inhibition of pulp and paper yellowing using nitroxides and other coadditives |
| US6059927A (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 2000-05-09 | Queen's University At Kingston | Method of reducing brightness reversion and yellowness (B*) of bleached mechanical wood pulps |
-
2001
- 2001-03-14 DE DE10112101A patent/DE10112101A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-02-15 EP EP02003529A patent/EP1241296A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-07 NZ NZ517679A patent/NZ517679A/en unknown
- 2002-03-11 US US10/093,970 patent/US20020174491A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-12 CA CA002376543A patent/CA2376543A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-13 NO NO20021248A patent/NO20021248L/no unknown
- 2002-03-14 AU AU26117/02A patent/AU779547B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20021248L (no) | 2002-09-16 |
| CA2376543A1 (fr) | 2002-09-14 |
| AU779547B2 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| EP1241296A3 (fr) | 2002-10-16 |
| DE10112101A1 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
| AU2611702A (en) | 2002-09-19 |
| NO20021248D0 (no) | 2002-03-13 |
| EP1241296A2 (fr) | 2002-09-18 |
| US20020174491A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PSEA | Patent sealed | ||
| RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |