NZ199855A

NZ199855A - Detergent compositions containing a synergistic mixture of surfactants

Info

Publication number: NZ199855A
Application number: NZ199855A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: D L Spilatro; J J Guth; R J Verdicchio
Original assignee: Johnson & Johnson Baby Prod
Priority date: 1981-03-09
Filing date: 1982-02-26
Publication date: 1984-11-09
Also published as: JPS57159897A; AU553501B2; JPH0252680B2; GR76364B; IE52627B1; FI67723B; ES8305822A1; SE448632B; NO153263C; IE820513L; GB2094335A; NO153263B; GB2094335B; PH17910A; NL8200945A; NO820730L; CH651584A5; BR8201230A; IT1208651B; FI67723C

Description

<div class="application article clearfix" id="description"> New Zealand Paient Spedficaiion for Paient Number 1 99855 1998 55 Priority Date{s}: Complcts Specjfscat'cn Falsdi:^' Class-.^l^'.^t ,..,. Publication Date: ... JWV.Wf. P.O. Jourr.si, fto: .... .l?M, • s a 9 s mm Patents Form No. 5 Number PATENTS ACT 1953 Dated COMPLETE SPECIFICATION DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS pC\Ve JOHNSON & JOHNSON BABY PRODUCTS COMPANY , a corporation organized under the laws of the State of New Jersey, United States of America of 501 George Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America. do hereby declare the invention for which X/we pray that a Patent may be granted to me^us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - 1 - (followed by page la) -la- 1998 5 5 jbp 184 Background of the Invention 5 Detergent and cleansing compositions intended for use as personal cleansing products not only must exhibit good cleansing and foam characteristics but they must also be non-irritating or have low irritation potential to the skin and the eyes. 10 Synthetic detergents which are useful in such detergent and cleansing compositions are well known in the art and include anionic, cationic, amphoteric and nonionic detergents or surfactants, as they are usually referred 15 to. The surfactants generally exhibiting the more superior properties in terms of foaming, cleaning and end result attributes are the anionic detergents. Thus, most detergent and cleansing formulations, intended for personal use contain anionic surfactants as one of the active 20 ingredients. These surfactants, however, have a tendency to be very irritating to the skin and the eyes in the levels normally utilized, i.e., above 10% by weight of the total composition. For this reason, detergent compositions intended for personal use containing anionic 25 surfactants are modified by substituting a significant amount of nonionic surfactants which are generally mild although of less effective foaming and cleansing ability. Certain amphoteric surfactants have also been reported to have a low eye irritation potential. Although numerous 30 detergent and cleansing compositions are available commercially, there is still a need for compositions in which irritancy can be substantially eliminated without sacrificing other desired properties such as cleansing and foaming attributes. -2- Several U.S. patents describe compositions in which both amphoteric and nonionic surfactants are incorporated in detergent compositions containing anionic surfactants. Thus, in U.S. Patents Nos. 2,999,069 an 3,055,836 there 5 are described shampoo compositions comprising certain mixtures of ethoxylated anionic, amphoteric and polyethoxylated nonionic surfactants. Further, in U.S. Patent No. 3,928,251 there are described shampoo compositions comprising certain mixtures of anionic, 10 nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants. Similarly, in U.S. Patent No. 3,950,417 shampoo compositions are described for which low ocular irritancy is claimed. In these compositions, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants have been added to modify anionic surfactants. All of 15 these compositions include a nonionic surfactant as an essential component as well as an anionic surfactant and as mentioned above, these surfactants have various negatives. 20 It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide improved detergent and cleansing compositions. -3- 199855 Summary of the Invention 10 The foregoing objects and other features and advantages of the present invention are achieved by detergent and cleansing compositions comprising a synergistic mixture of surfactants which exhibit low eye and skin irritancy and good foam properties. More specifically/ the present invention relates to detergent and cleansing compositions comprising a synergistic mixture of a specific amphoteric-fatty acid complex and specific anionic surfactants containing at least one carboxylic acid moiety. Detailed Description of the Invention 15 In general, this invention comprises a synergistic mixture of a specific amphoteric-fatty acid complex and a specific anionic surfactant in a ratio of from 1:4 to 4:1. The term "synergistic mixture" as used herein refers to a mixture of two discrete compounds which display a degree 20 of initial foam height and quality which is greater than the sum of the initial foam heights of the compounds taken individually. The specific amphoteric-fatty acid complexes which have 25 been found useful in the present invention are non-zwitterionic in nature and are of the formula 30 0 II R^C-0 © R2-N: I H -A1 *a2 ;© ;35 ;wherein R^ is alkyl or substituted alkyl containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof. ;199255 ;-4- ;R2 is alkyl containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof or alkyl amido of the formula ;0 Z ;R3-C-K-Y ;wherein R3 is alkyl containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, Z is H or lower alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; 10 and Y is lower alkylene containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; ;A-l and A2 are the same or different and are selected from the group of anionic salt moieties consisting of the 15 following: ;■fcH2CH2-COOx]n -fCH2-C00x]n ;-Ech2choh-ch2-so3x] n ;-fcH2-CHOH-CH2-OPC>3Xj,n when X is divalent 20 -fbt^-CHOH-CI^-OPC^xJ n when X is monovalent, ;wherein X is a water soluble cation such as Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++ and the like and n is an integer of 1 or 2 with the proviso that if only one of A± and A2 is selected from the anionic salt moieties above the other can be hydrogen, 25 lower alkyl or lower hydroxyalkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. ;The amphoteric-fatty acid complexes which are useful in the present invention are novel compounds described and 30 claimed in New Zealand Patent No. 199856 and can be prepared in accordance with the processes described therein; the teachings of said copending application are incorporated herein by reference. ;35 Representative amphoteric-fatty acid complexes useful in the present invention include the following: ;fiZ. PATENT 0?f?C@ ;- 9 MAY 1984 ;10 ;20 ;25 ;.1 "VP ;-i' z Z:'s'k. - J ;1 9 9 S 5 5 ;-5- ;(a) ;r ti ;[Ri-c-oJ ;■ } <. . u - t j ;0 b ;1 I ;CllB23-C-N(CH2)2-N ;c2h4oh ;|\:h2cook ;H ;© ;wherein is a ChH23 - CigH37 fixture. ;CH-CH-COONa y 2 2 ;0 ;II ;© ;(B) ;ll ;Ri-C-0 ;c14h29" ;15 ;h ;CH2 COCOON a wherein Rj, is an 80%/20% tallow coconut fatty acid mixture. ;-,0 ;(C) ;r 01 ;© ;rl-c-0 ;i ;O CH3 ;/ ;CH2CH0HCH2S03K ;R3-C-N-(CH2)2-NN ;h ;CH 2CHOHCH 2OP03Na 2 ;wherein Ri is tallow fatty acid and R3 is a c11h23"c17h25 mixture. ;30 ;35 ;40 ;(D) ;* O - II R^C-0 © CH-CHOHCH-SO.,. y 2 2 3 c18h37"nC I NCH-CHOHCH-SO ' H 2 23 © Mg wherein R} is a 70%/30% mixture of lauric and myristic acids. (E) " 0 II RjC-0 © H c12h25 N-CH2CH2COONa H © wherein R^ is tallow fatty acid. [1998 55 -6- 10 15 20 25 30 (F) 0 II Ci2H25O0 © H CH2CH2COONa C14h29-N^ CH2CH2COONa 0 (G) " O " I RiC-0 0 c12h25-N\ CH2CH2COONa H CH2CH2COONa © wherein R^ is a C$Hi3 - Cl8H37 mixture. The amphoteric-fatty acid complexes useful in the compositions of this invention are present in an amount of from about 1 to 50% by weight of the total composition, preferably about 5 to 15% by weight of the total composition. The specific anionic surfactants which have been found useful in the present invention are those containing at least one carboxylic acid moiety and are selected from the group consisting of sulfosuccinates, alkyl carboxylates, a -sulfo fatty acid and ester carboxylates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sarcosinates and fatty acid protein condensates. All of these compounds are well known in the art and can be prepared according to well-recognized processes. The sulfosuccinates are of the general formula 0 II 35 R-0-C-CHCH2COOX 0S03Na 19 -7- and can be prepared by reacting maleic acid with a suitable fatty alcohol followed by the addition of NaHS03 to the double bond. 5 The a-sulfo fatty acid and ester carboxylates are of the following general formuli respectively 0 II 10 R-CH-C-OX' and I S03X 0 15 || R-CH-C-OR' I SO3X 20 and can be prepared by sulfonation of the suitable fatty acids and esters. The alkyl carboxylates are of the following general formula 25 R-0 [ (CH2)20]a-CH2COOX wherein a is 1-4; and these compounds can be prepared by the Williamson ether synthesis which involves reacting an 30 alkoxide with chloroacetic acid. The alkyl succinates are of the general formula 35 0 II R-O-C-CH2CH2COOX 5 20 25 19 -8- and are the reaction product of a suitable fatty alcohol with succinic acid or succinic anhydride. The alkyl sarcosinates are of the general formula 0 x II I r-c-n-ch2coox 10 and are the reaction product of a suitable fatty acid with a lower substituted amine such as glycine or N-methyl glycine. The fatty acid protein condensates are of the general 15 formula 0 r' o r" II I II I r-c-(nh-c-h-c—nh-ch)n coox and are the reaction products of a suitable fatty acid with an amino hydrolysate. Specific examples of suitable anionic surfactants include 0 O II II (AA) CnH23-0-C-CHCH2-C-0-Na 3 0 OSC>3Na 0 II 3 5 (bb) ci2h25-ch-c-0-na SC>3Na 40 o II (cc) c10h2i-ch-c-och3 S03Na 10 15 20 25 30 199855 -9- O O II II (DD) R-O-C-CH2-CH2-C-OK wherein R is 50/50 mixture of C12H25 and c14?29 (EE) Ci3H27-0-[(CH2)20]4 ~ CH2COONa 0 CH3O CH3 II I II I (FF) CnH23~C-(NH-CH-C-NH-CH)50COONa O CH3 II I (GG) CiiH23-C-N-CH2COONa The anionic surfactants useful in the compositions of this invention are present in an amount of from 2 to 50% by weight of the total composition, preferably 5 to 40% by weight of the total composition. Further, to achieve the desired results of the present invention, the amphoteric-fatty acid complex and the specific anionic surfactant should be in a ratio of from about 4:1 to 1:4, preferably from about 2:1 to 1:2. In preparing various formulations and compositions, if desired and if compatible, various other surfactants can be utilized such as other anionics, nonionics, amphoterics, cationics and the like. In addition to such 35 other surfactants, other ingredients conventionally added to detergent and cleansing compositions for personal use, such as dyes, preservatives, perfumes, thickeners, ~ ® KAY Kt-j ! - Bsc&vm ■ -10- 199855 opacifiers, conditioners, emollients, buffering agents and the like, may be added in minor amounts. Ingredients such as dyes, preservatives and perfumes together usually constitute less than 2% by weight of the total composition 5 and thickeners may be added to the composition in an amount -_tsf fi-om to 3% £>y weight of the total composition. The detergent and cleansing compositions of the present invention may be in the form of liquid detergent 10 compositions or detergent bar compositions, as desired. Liquid detergent formulations utilizing the compositions of the present invention can be prepared by admixing the amphoteric-fatty acid complex and anionic surfactant at 15 room temperature or slightly elevated temperatures (about 50°C) and then sufficient deionized water is added to bring the composition to about three quarters of its intended weight. Other ingredients such as other surfactants, various detergency adjuncts, fillers, 20 carriers, perfumes, preservatives, gelling agents and the like are added as required followed by the balance of the water. The pH is then adjusted to within the desired range by the addition of strong acid, e.g., HC1, or strong base NaOH, as needed. 25 Detergent bar formulations utilizing the compositions of the present invention can be prepared by admixing the amphoteric-fatty acid complex and the anionic surfactant in a steam jacketed rotary mixer at temperatures within 30 the range of 60-80°C. Other surfactants, fillers, whitening agents and processing oils can be added, as needed, to the hot slurry. After adequate mixing to assure homogeneity and moisture balance the product is chill rolled or drum dried into flakes. Dyes and 35 fragrances are added to the flakes in a standard amalgamator together with additional water to provide 1998 5 -li- proper bar formation. After adequate mixing the flakes are milled and plodded into logs which are then cut into blanks prior to stamping into bar form. 5 The detergent compositions of the present invention can be tested for ocular irritation by the following modified Draize Test (J.H. et al., Toilet Goods Assn. No. 17, May 1952, No. 1, Proc. Sci. Sect.). 10 An 0.1 ml. sample of a neutral composition under test is dropped into one eye of an albino rabbit, the other eye serving as a control. Six rabbits are employed for each composition. Observations are made after 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and 7 days after initial instillation; second 15 and third instillations are made after the 24 and 48 hour readings. Results may vary from substantially no change or only a slight irritation in the appearance of the rabbit's eye after 7 days to severe irritation and/or complete corneal opacity. Ocular lesions are scored for 20 the cornea, iris and conjunctiva with a higher number indicating greater ocular irritation and the scores are added to give a total numerical value for each reading for six rabbits and averaged. The averaged score is an indication of the irritation potential of the composition 25 under test. Based on the averaged score, descriptive irritation evaluation may be given, e.g., none, slight, moderate, severe, as the case may be. Detergent compositions of the invention provide high foam 30 volume and moreover outstanding foam stability as measured by an adaption of the well-known Ross-Miles foam test principle "Oil and Soap" 18.9-102 (1941): Lanolin, anhydrous, cosmetic grade is mixed with dioxane 35 (technical grade) in the proportion of 2.5 grams lanolin and 100 grams of dioxane. The lanolin is first mixed with -12- 25 cc. of dioxane. This mixture is heated over a steam bath to 45°C in order to dissolve the lanolin in the dioxane. The remainder of the dioxane is then added and mixed. This lanolin dioxane solution, which is stored in 5 an amber bottle, should be prepared fresh on the day that the tests are run. The composition to be tested is diluted by adding 376 cc. of distilled water to 4 grams of the composition, and then 10 by adding 20 cc. of the lanolin dioxane solution described above while mixing. Heat is produced when the lanolin dioxane solution is added to the solution of the composition in water and care must be taken in adjusting the temperature of this solution to 24°-25°C. Both of 15 these intermediate solutions should therefore be adjusted to 23°C before mixing. The cooling of the lanolin dioxane solution should be gradual in order to avoid precipitation of the lanolin. This will produce a final solution with a temperature of 24°-25°C. 20 The final solution of the composition to be tested, water, dioxane and lanolin described above, is then run in a modified Ross-Miles foam column in the usual way. All tests are conducted in duplicate, and the average of the 25 two results is taken. Foam stability is determined by measuring the decay in foam height after two minutes, expressed as a percentage of the original height. Specific embodiments of the present invention are 30 illustrated by the following representative examples. It will be understood, however, that the invention is not confined to the specific limitations set forth in the individual examples, but rather to the scope of the appended claims. 1998 55 -13- Examples I-IX The following compositions are prepared by admixing the surfactant components, adjusting the pH to 7.2+. 2^ with dilute acid or base as required and adding deionized water 5 to 100%: % wt/wt. EXAMPLES I II III IV V VI VII VIII I 10 Compound B 5.0 2.52.52.52. lauryl succinnic acid 5.0 2.5 disodium sulfococoate 5.0 2.5 lauryl ether (4) carboxylate 5.0 2.5 15 lauryl disodium sulfosuccinate 5.0 2. deionized water q.s. to 100% Example X 20 The compositions prepared in Examples I-IX are tested for hard water foam properties using the modified Ross-Miles procedure set forth hereinbefore and the results are as follows: Initial Foam Height in mm -25 Example 200 ppm hard water I 358 II 330 III 348 IV 330 30 V 330 VI 365 VII 375 VIII 368 IX 378 -14- 199855 As can be readily seen from the results above, the compositions containing a mixture of the specific amphoteric - fatty acid complexes and the anionic surfactants of the present invention (Examples VI-IX) 5 exhibit a synergistic increase in initial foam height. It is also observed that the quality of the foam generated by the compositions of the present invention is superior to that of the other compositions in that it is denser and creamier. A generated foam of this nature is not only 10 perceived to be better by the consumer, but is also capable of supporting and suspending soils in a manner superior to the more open, lace-like foam of the compositions of Examples I-IV and thus these soils are more easily removed. 15 Example XI A detergent bar composition is prepared by charging to a steam-jacketed rotary mixer 23.7 parts by weight stearic acid, 13.3 parts by weight dextrin, 35.1 parts by weight 20 disodium -sulfococoate, 14,2 parts by weight compound A, 0.2 parts titanium dioxide and 10.0 parts water. The mixture is heated to 50-60°C and mixed until homogeneous and the pH is adjusted to 7.2+.2 with 50% NaOH solution. The resulting product is chilled, rolled in flakes, 25 milled, plodded and stamped into bars having the following composition: % wt/wt stearic acid 23.7 dextrin 13.3 30 disodium -sulfococoate 35.1 Compound A 14.2 Ti02 0.2 50% NaOH 5.2 deionized water 8.3 35 100.0 19 98 5 5 -15- The resulting bar foams copiously in hard and soft water and free of lime soap deposits and is also found to be a slight ocular irritant when tested. 5 Example XII A low pH detergent bar composition is prepared in accordance with the procedure of Example XI and has the following formulation: % wt/wt 10 Compound B 20.00 stearic acid 15.00 polyethylene glycol 4000 5.00 dextrin 10.00 talc 10.00 15 disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate 35.00 deionized water 5.00 100.00 Example XIII 20 A liquid cream soap product is prepared as follows: 87.5 parts by weight of compound C and 20.0 parts by weight of lauryl succinic acid are charged to a vessel equipped with a stirrer and steam and are heated to 45°C. The pH is adjusted to 7.0+.2 with dilute NaOH followed by the 25 addition of 1 part of propylene glycol and 95 grams of deionized water. The mass is cooled to 30°C and 2 parts of a fragrance are added prior to filling into tubes. The resulting product has the following formulation; % wt/wt 30 Compound C 42.57 lauryl succinate 9.73 propylene glycol 0.48 fragrance 0.97 deionized water q.s. to 100% 35 The product is a smooth opaque mild cream gel easily dispensed from tubes. </div>

Claims

<div class="application article clearfix printTableText" id="claims"> 199855 -16- Example XIV An opaque liquid soap is prepared having the following formulation: % wt/wt Compound D 30.0 lauryl sarcosinate 20.0 polyethylene glycol 6000 distearate 3.0 deionized water q.s. to 100 The pH of the above formulation is adjusted to 6.0 with dilute HC1. Example XV An opaque liquid soap is prepared having the following formulation: % wt/wt sulfosuccinate 3.00 Compound A 2.50 ammonium lauryl (3) ether sulfate 3.00 polyoxyethylene 80 sorbitan monolaurate 5.00 preservative .10 dye and fragrance .25 deionized water q.s. to 100 The pH of the above formulation is adjusted to 6.0 with dilute HC1. In addition to the preferred embodiments described herein, other embodiments, arrangements, and variations within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims will occur to those skilled in the art. -17- 1 ^ 9 fl S 5 JBP 184 1 ' y 0 JJ WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. a detergent and cleansing composition comprising a synergistic mixture of- activfe ".ingredients consisting essentially of (a) from 1 to 50% by weight of an amphoteric-fatty acid complex of the formula 10 r "i [RlC-Oj © R2-N \ ■A1 a2 © 15 20 wherein R^ is alkyl or substituted alkyl containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof; R2 is alkyl containing from 8 to .18 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof or alkyl amido of the formula 0 Z li I r.-j-C-K- 25 wherein R3 is alkyl containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms/ Z is H or lower alkyl containing from j. to 4 carbon atoms; and Y is lower alkylene" containing . from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; 30 A^ and A2 are the same or different and are selected from the group of anionic salt moieties consisting of the following; -f-CH2CH2-COOX] n 4CH2-COOX]n 35 4CH2CH0H-CH2-S03X]n -tCH2-CH0H-CH2-0P03X] n when X is divalent -£CH2-CHOH-CH2-OPC>3X2^ n when X is monovalent 199855 18- wherein X is a water soluble cation and n is an integer of 1 or 2 with the proviso that if only one of A^ and a2 -is^ selected from the anionic salt moieties above the other can be hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower hydroxy-5 alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;' and (b) from 2 to 50% by weight of an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of sulfosuccinates, alkyl carboxylates, a -sulfo fatty acid and ester 10 carboxylates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sarcosinates and fatty acid protein condensates.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the amphoteric-fatty acid complex and the anionic surfactant are in the 15 ratio of from 1:4 to 4:1.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the amphoteric fatty acid complex is of the formula 2° r ° I© rc-oJ wherein R^ is a C11H23 - Cl8H37 25 mixture. OH C2H4OH II I / CllH-23-C"NtCH2)5-Nv 1± 2 I CH2COOK) H ©

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the amphoteric-fatty acid complex is of the formula 30 ,CH2CH2COONa c12h25 If\CH2CH2COONa - H 0 35 wherein R^ is a CgHj^ - C18H37 mixture. -19- 199855

6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the amphoteric fatty acid complex is from 5 to 15% by weight of the 10 total composition.

7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the anionic surfactant is an alkyl sarcosinate. 15

8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the anionic surfactant is a sulfosuccinate.

9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the anionic surfactant is an alkyl succinate. 20

10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the anionic surfactant is from 5 to 40% by weight of -the total composition. O D C11H23C"° 0 H^CH2CH2COONa C14H29-N CH2CH2COONa WEST -WALKER, McCABE per: ATTORNEYS FOR THE APPLICANT </div>