NO893433L - APPLICATION OF CALCIUM SULPHATE TO IMPROVE THE PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS. - Google Patents
APPLICATION OF CALCIUM SULPHATE TO IMPROVE THE PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS.Info
- Publication number
- NO893433L NO893433L NO89893433A NO893433A NO893433L NO 893433 L NO893433 L NO 893433L NO 89893433 A NO89893433 A NO 89893433A NO 893433 A NO893433 A NO 893433A NO 893433 L NO893433 L NO 893433L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- phosphate
- calcium
- calcium sulphate
- humus
- montmorillonite
- Prior art date
Links
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 77
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GBNXLQPMFAUCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-H tetracalcium;oxygen(2-);diphosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GBNXLQPMFAUCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 7
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000007849 Lepidium sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000211187 Lepidium sativum Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017879 Nasturtium officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000005407 Nasturtium officinale Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000281 calcium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001714 calcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical class [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
- C09K17/48—Organic compounds mixed with inorganic active ingredients, e.g. polymerisation catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Description
Organiske avfallsstoffer, særlig av vegetabilsk opprinnelse, nedbrytes under påvirkningen av hovedsakelig aerobe mikroorganismer under humusdannelse. I humusdannel- Organic waste substances, particularly of vegetable origin, are broken down under the influence of mainly aerobic microorganisms during humus formation. In humus form-
sen er ikke bare bakterier og sopper, men også protozoer samt lavere og høyere ormer involvert. Av avgjørende betydning for kvaliteten til humusen og hastigheten ved den mikrobielle omdannelse, er tilstedeværelsen eller fraværet av baser. Dersom basiske mineralstoffer er til stede i til-strekkelig mengdefså dannes basemettede humuskolloider som sammen med leirekolloidene gir det såkalte sorpsjons-kompleks i jorden. later, not only bacteria and fungi, but also protozoa as well as lower and higher worms are involved. Of decisive importance for the quality of the humus and the speed of the microbial transformation is the presence or absence of bases. If basic mineral substances are present in sufficient quantities, base-saturated humus colloids are formed which, together with the clay colloids, form the so-called sorption complex in the soil.
Basiske mineralstoffer som vanligvis tilsettes ved humusdannelsen, er kalsiumcarbonat og dolomitt, i den senere tid også korall- og algekalk. Kalsiumcarbonat og dets dobbelt-salt med magnesiumcarbonat er imidlertid bare svært lite oppløselig, noe som gjør deres effekt liten. Dessuten har alkaliteten en negativ virkning sammen med visse mikroorganismer, noe som også kan føre til en langsom forråtnelse under humusdannelsen. Basic mineral substances that are usually added during humus formation are calcium carbonate and dolomite, and in recent times also coral and algal lime. However, calcium carbonate and its double salt with magnesium carbonate are only very slightly soluble, which makes their effect small. In addition, the alkalinity has a negative effect together with certain microorganisms, which can also lead to a slow decay during humus formation.
Kalsiumoxyd er allerede blitt tilsatt til klareslam Calcium oxide has already been added to clarified sludge
for å bringe det over.i fast form, for å gjøre den deponer-bar, men kalsiumoxyd ville først og fremst fullstendig eller i stor utstrekning gjøre det av med levende mikroorganismer, slik at kalsiumoxyd er uegnet for en fremskyndet humusdannelse. to bring it over in solid form, to make it depositable, but calcium oxide would primarily completely or to a large extent do away with living microorganisms, so that calcium oxide is unsuitable for accelerated humus formation.
Særlig på grunn av økningen i gjennomføringen av desulfurering av røykegasser fra kullkraftverk vil det i den nære fremtid oppleves produksjon"av en mengde av kalsiumsulfat, såkalt REA-gips, som ikke kan nyttiggjøres og som ikke bare er et hittil verdiløst biprodukt, men som også forårsaker ytterligere deponeringskostnader. Especially due to the increase in the desulfurization of flue gases from coal-fired power plants, in the near future there will be production of a quantity of calcium sulphate, so-called REA gypsum, which cannot be utilized and which is not only a hitherto worthless by-product, but which also causing additional disposal costs.
Fra DE OS 3.614.183 er det kjent å anvende kalsiumsulfat sammen med dolomitt, soda, boraks og sitronsyre som gjødningsmiddel eller hurtigkomposteringsmiddel for organisk avfall. From DE OS 3,614,183 it is known to use calcium sulphate together with dolomite, soda, borax and citric acid as a fertilizer or rapid composting agent for organic waste.
Den oppgave som lå til grunn for oppfinnelsen, besto The task that was the basis for the invention was achieved
i å forbedre fermenteringen av organiske materialer og/eller øke jordforbedring ved å bruke kalsiumsulfatet som i frem- in improving the fermentation of organic materials and/or increasing soil improvement by using the calcium sulphate as in
tiden vil være tilgjengelig i store mengder. time will be available in large quantities.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen løses denne oppgave ved at man for forbedring av fermenteringen av organiske avfallsstoffer og/eller jordforbedring, anvender kalsiumsulfat sammen med montmorillonitt og minst ett fosfat. According to the invention, this task is solved by using calcium sulphate together with montmorillonite and at least one phosphate to improve the fermentation of organic waste substances and/or soil improvement.
Når det her er tale om fermenteringen av organiske avfallsmaterialer, så er dette uttrykk ment i sin videste betydning og betyr den mikrobielle nedbrytning av vege-tabilske og animalske stoffer, slik som kompostering og humifisering, nedbrytningen av organisk husholdnings- og industrisøppel, planeringsbehandling av jordbruks- og skog-bruksgrunn, og andre nedbrytningsfremgangsmåter for organiske avfallsstoffer ved innvirkning av mikroorganismer, som bakterier og sopper. When we are talking about the fermentation of organic waste materials, this term is meant in its broadest sense and means the microbial breakdown of vegetable and animal substances, such as composting and humification, the breakdown of organic household and industrial waste, planning treatment of agricultural - and forest land, and other decomposition procedures for organic waste substances through the action of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.
Anvendelsen ifølge oppfinnelsen av kalsiumsulfat av enhver opprinnelse, som av REA-gips, annen gips eller anhydritt, i blandingene fører til en rekke overraskende fordeler som fagmannen ikke kunne forutse. The use according to the invention of calcium sulfate of any origin, such as REA gypsum, other gypsum or anhydrite, in the mixtures leads to a number of surprising advantages that the person skilled in the art could not foresee.
Således blir tilblandingen av kalsiumsulfat til organiske avfallsstoffer for deres fermentering, som til forråtnelse for kompostering, ikke bare tolerert, men på overraskende måte aktiveres og fremskyndes fermenteringen ved denne tilblanding, noe som muligens kan tilskrives forskjellige årsaker. Kalsiumsulfat er lettere oppløselig enn kalsiumcarbonat, reagerer nøytralt og inneholder ikke bare det kalsium som er påkrevet for actinomycetene som spiller en vesentlig rolle ved oppstartingen av forråtnelsen, men også det svovel som mikroorganismene trenger, faktisk allerede i en oxydert form. Foreliggende oppfinnelse er ikke ment å være bundet til noen bestemt teori, men det kan på-vises eksperimentelt at tilsetningen av kalsiumsulfat re-sulterer i at de kjemiske endringene ved kompostering finner sted hurtigere slik at kompostering avsluttes tidligere enn i henhold til teknikkens stand. Thus, the addition of calcium sulfate to organic waste materials for their fermentation, such as rotting for composting, is not only tolerated, but surprisingly the fermentation is activated and accelerated by this addition, which can possibly be attributed to various causes. Calcium sulfate is more easily soluble than calcium carbonate, reacts neutrally and contains not only the calcium required for the actinomycetes, which play an important role in the initiation of decay, but also the sulfur that the microorganisms need, actually already in an oxidized form. The present invention is not intended to be bound to any particular theory, but it can be demonstrated experimentally that the addition of calcium sulphate results in the chemical changes during composting taking place more quickly so that composting ends earlier than according to the state of the art.
Kvaliteten av humusen forbedres vesentlig ved hjelp av blandingene som brukes i henhold til oppfinnelsen når det gjelder kompostering eller flategjødsling. Dette viser seg ikke bare visuelt og sensorisk på humusproduktet, men lar seg kvantifisere ved hjelp av økt utbytte som kan vises ved sammenligningsforsøk på humus fremstilt ved hjelp av forskjellige fremgangsmåter. Således kunne det fastslås ved hjelp av forsøk at planteutbyttet på humus fremstilt ved å tilsette en blanding ifølge oppfinnelsen, var vesentlig høyere enn utbyttet med humus erholdt ved å tilsette lavamel eller algekalk ved samtidig bruk av kalsiumfosfat og bentonitt, eller ved tilsetning av en blandning av thomas-mel og bentonitt, eller ved tilsetning av en blanding av kalsiumsulfat, dolomitt, soda, boraks og sitronsyre. The quality of the humus is significantly improved with the help of the mixtures used according to the invention when it comes to composting or surface fertilization. This is not only visible visually and sensorially on the humus product, but can be quantified with the help of an increased yield which can be shown by comparison tests on humus produced using different methods. Thus, it could be established by means of experiments that the plant yield of humus produced by adding a mixture according to the invention was significantly higher than the yield of humus obtained by adding lava flour or algal lime with the simultaneous use of calcium phosphate and bentonite, or by adding a mixture of thomas flour and bentonite, or by adding a mixture of calcium sulphate, dolomite, soda, borax and citric acid.
Dessuten ble det fastslått at den mikrobielle fermentering av organisk avfallsstoff under tilsetning av blandinger som anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, har en detoksi-fiserende virkning ettersom f.eks. tungmetaller, slik som kadmium, forbrukes av mikroorganismene. I jord med lavt kadmiuminnhold ble det til og med iakttatt en sterk økning i mikrobiell aktivitet. Furthermore, it was established that the microbial fermentation of organic waste material with the addition of mixtures used according to the invention has a detoxifying effect as e.g. heavy metals, such as cadmium, are consumed by the microorganisms. In soil with a low cadmium content, a strong increase in microbial activity was even observed.
Endelig kan blandingene anvendt ifølge oppfinnelsen fjerne brysomme lukter når de tilsettes ekskrementer fra dyr eller mennesker ettersom den flytende gjødsel brytes hurtig ned ved mikrobiell virkning slik at det kan brukes som gjødningsmiddel uten luktbelastning. Finally, the mixtures used according to the invention can remove unpleasant odors when they are added to animal or human excrement, as the liquid fertilizer is quickly broken down by microbial action so that it can be used as a fertilizer without odor burden.
Ettersom den mikrobielle omdannelse av ethvert organisk avfallsstoff av animalsk eller vegetabilsk opprinnelse likeledes som bekjent finner sted aerobt, er enhver fermentering av organisk avfallsstoff under anvendelse av kalsiumsulfat effektiv, uansett om det organske avfallsstoff er fast eller flytende ekskrement fra dyr eller mennesker, om det er tildekking eller flatekomposteringen ved strå, stubber eller bladmasse, om det er nedfalt løv eller nedfalte nåler fra skog eller om det er husholdningsavfall i søppel-fyllinger eller faststofffermentorer. As the microbial transformation of any organic waste material of animal or vegetable origin likewise takes place aerobically, any fermentation of organic waste material using calcium sulfate is effective, regardless of whether the organic waste material is solid or liquid excrement from animals or humans, whether it is covering or surface composting with straw, stumps or leaf mass, if there are fallen leaves or fallen needles from the forest or if there is household waste in landfills or solid matter fermenters.
Ved fermenteringen av avfallsstoffer i store mengder, som i forråtnelsesanlegg for kompostering eller ved fast-stoff ermentorer, er det hensiktsmessig å tilsette kalsium-sulf atet i en mengde på 100 g til 50 kg, fortrinnsvis opp til 15 kg, og fortrinnsvis fra 5 til 10 kg pr. m 3 av det organiske avfallsstoff. I tilfellet med overflatekompost- ering er det hensiktsmessig å spre kalsiumsulfatet i en mengde på 50 g/5 kg, fortrinnsvis opp til 1 kg, særlig i en mengde på 100 - 500 g, pr. m 2. In the fermentation of waste materials in large quantities, such as in putrefaction plants for composting or in solid matter ermentors, it is appropriate to add the calcium sulfate in an amount of 100 g to 50 kg, preferably up to 15 kg, and preferably from 5 to 10 kg per m 3 of the organic waste material. In the case of surface composting, it is appropriate to spread the calcium sulphate in an amount of 50 g/5 kg, preferably up to 1 kg, especially in an amount of 100 - 500 g, per m 2.
Montomorillonitten som tilsettes ifølge oppfinnelsen, The montomorillonite which is added according to the invention,
er fortrinnsvis bentonitter, særlig kalsiumbentonitt. Montmorillonittene har en særlig gunstig innflytelse etter- are preferably bentonites, especially calcium bentonite. The Montmorillonites have a particularly favorable influence after
som de akkumuleres til humussyrene slik at de derved dannede komplekser holder vannet i jorden. as they accumulate into the humic acids so that the complexes formed thereby retain water in the soil.
Som fosfater kan det ifølge oppfinnelsen benyttes According to the invention, it can be used as phosphates
lett oppløselige eller tungt oppløselige fosfater. Lett opp-løselige fosfater er de kjente superfosfatene, som inne- easily soluble or poorly soluble phosphates. Easily soluble phosphates are the well-known superphosphates, which contain
holder kalsiumdihydrogenfosfatet og kalsiumsulfatet, og som kan erholdes ved omsetning av råfosfater med svovelsyre. holds the calcium dihydrogen phosphate and the calcium sulphate, and which can be obtained by reacting raw phosphates with sulfuric acid.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen er det imidlertid foretrukket å anvende tungt oppløselige fosfater, som f.eks. særlig råfosfatmel og/eller thomas-fosfatmel. Thomas-fosfåtene stammer fra belegget i thomas-konverterne og inneholder ca. 15% P2°5*Råfosfatene har f.eks. et P20^-innhold på ca. 30%. I tillegg til de ovenfor angitte bestanddelene kan det ifølge oppfinnelsen også anvendes thomas-kalk eller støperikalk sammen med kalsiumsulfatet. - According to the invention, however, it is preferred to use poorly soluble phosphates, such as e.g. in particular raw phosphate flour and/or Thomas phosphate flour. The Thomas phosphates originate from the coating in the Thomas converters and contain approx. 15% P2°5*The raw phosphates have e.g. a P20^ content of approx. 30%. In addition to the above-mentioned components, according to the invention, Thomas lime or foundry lime can also be used together with the calcium sulphate. -
De tre nødvendige bestanddelene ifølge oppfinnelsen, kalsiumsulfat, montmorillonitt og fosfat, kan inkorporeres hver for seg i det organiske avfall som skal fermenteres, The three necessary components according to the invention, calcium sulphate, montmorillonite and phosphate, can be incorporated separately into the organic waste to be fermented,
eller kan tilføres hver for seg til jorden som skal forbedres. Fortrinnsvis brukes de imidlertid i blanding med hverandre, or can be added separately to the soil to be improved. Preferably, however, they are used in a mixture with each other,
som midler for jordforbedring eller for forbedring av fermenteringen av organiske avfallsstoffer. as agents for soil improvement or for improving the fermentation of organic waste substances.
Slike midler ifølge oppfinnelsen inneholder even- Such agents according to the invention contain even
tuelt også ytterligere jordalkaliforbindelser, fortrinnsvis kalsium- og/eller magnesiumforbindelser, eller jordalkalimineraler som inneholder slike forbindelser. Midlene ifølge oppfinnelsen inneholder hensiktsmessig også ytterligere sporelementer, fortrinnsvis i form av malmpulvere og/eller slaggmel. possibly also further alkaline earth compounds, preferably calcium and/or magnesium compounds, or alkaline earth minerals containing such compounds. The agents according to the invention suitably also contain further trace elements, preferably in the form of ore powders and/or slag flour.
En særlig gunstig form av jordforbedringsmidlene A particularly favorable form of the soil conditioners
ifølge oppfinnelsen består i at de, i tillegg til blandingen av kalsiumsulfat, montmorillonitt og fosfat, også inneholder according to the invention consists in that, in addition to the mixture of calcium sulphate, montmorillonite and phosphate, they also contain
skumstofflak, fortrinnsvis aminoplastskumstofflak, samt humus. Egnede aminoplastskumflak kan fremstilles i henhold til DE-PS 2 477 880, som det her henvises til i sin helhet. Skumstofflakene anvendt ifølge oppfinnelsen kan særlig foam sheet, preferably aminoplast foam sheet, as well as humus. Suitable aminoplast foam flakes can be produced in accordance with DE-PS 2 477 880, to which reference is made here in its entirety. The foam sheets used according to the invention can in particular
ha de kjennetegn som er beskrevet i dette DE-PS 2 477 880, hensiktsmessig inneholder jordforbedringsmidlene derved, have the characteristics described in this DE-PS 2 477 880, suitably contain the soil improvers thereby,
pr. volumdel humus, 3- 6, og fortrinnsvis 4-5 volumdeler av skumstofflakene, og 0,025 - 0,25, fortrinnsvis 0,05 - per part by volume of humus, 3-6, and preferably 4-5 parts by volume of the foam layers, and 0.025 - 0.25, preferably 0.05 -
0,15 volumdeler av en blanding av kalsiumsulfat, montmorillonitt og fosfat, eventuelt med sporelementer .- 0.15 parts by volume of a mixture of calcium sulphate, montmorillonite and phosphate, possibly with trace elements.-
Uavhengig av om kalsiumsulfat, montmorillonitt og fosfat brukes hver for seg eller i en foreløpig blanding med hverandre, er det hensiktsmessig at mengdeforholdene mellom disse tre bestanddelene ifølge oppfinnelsen er slik regulert at vektforholdet mellom kalsiumsulfat og montmorillonitt er 1:0,1-10, fortrinnsvis 1:0,25-5, særlig 1:0,5-1,5, Regardless of whether calcium sulphate, montmorillonite and phosphate are used separately or in a preliminary mixture with each other, it is appropriate that the quantity ratios between these three components according to the invention are regulated such that the weight ratio between calcium sulphate and montmorillonite is 1:0.1-10, preferably 1:0.25-5, especially 1:0.5-1.5,
og at vektforholdet mellom kalsiumsulfat og fosfat er 1:0,1-10, fortrinnsvis 1:0,25-5, særlig 1:0,5-2. Gode resultater fås eksempelvis ved et vektforhold mellom kalsiumsulfat og montmorillonitt og fosfat på 1:1:1 eller 1:1:0,5. and that the weight ratio between calcium sulphate and phosphate is 1:0.1-10, preferably 1:0.25-5, especially 1:0.5-2. Good results are obtained, for example, with a weight ratio between calcium sulphate and montmorillonite and phosphate of 1:1:1 or 1:1:0.5.
Sammenligningsforsøk 1 Comparison experiment 1
En humus fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen ble sammenlignet med hensyn på utbytte med to typer humuser erholdt ifølge teknikkens stand, ved hjelp av den vanlige karsetest. A humus produced according to the invention was compared with regard to yield with two types of humus obtained according to the state of the art, using the usual watercress test.
Humusen ifølge oppfinnelsen ble utvunnet i en statisk tunnelreaktor ved tilsetning av i kg kalsiumsulfat, 5 kg dolomitt, 15 kg thomas-fosfatmel og 10 kg bentonitt pr. 1,5 The humus according to the invention was extracted in a static tunnel reactor by adding i kg calcium sulphate, 5 kg dolomite, 15 kg Thomas phosphate flour and 10 kg bentonite per 1.5
m 3 planteavfall. Denne humus ble betegnet humus A. m 3 plant waste. This humus was designated humus A.
En sammenligningshumus B ble utvunnet på tilsvarende måte under tilsetning av 10 kg bentonitt og 15 kg thomas-fosfatmel, men uten kalsiumsulfat. En ytterligere sammenligningshumus ble erholdt i den samme apparatur under tilsetning av 10 kg bentonitt, 10 kg lavamel og 10 kg råfosfat pr. 1,5 m 3. Til sist ble det som sammenligningshumus D anvendt en kommersielt tilgjengelig markhumus på basis av kumøkk. A comparison humus B was extracted in a similar way with the addition of 10 kg of bentonite and 15 kg of Thomas phosphate flour, but without calcium sulphate. A further comparison humus was obtained in the same apparatus with the addition of 10 kg of bentonite, 10 kg of lava flour and 10 kg of raw phosphate per 1.5 m 3. Finally, a commercially available ground humus based on cow dung was used as comparison humus D.
Ved den kvantitative karsetest ble flate skåler av sement som målte 40 x 25 x 6 cm, fylt med komposten som skulle testes, og sådd med 10 g karsefrø. På den andre og fjerde dag ble det forbrukte vann erstattet. På den sjette dag ble karsen kuttet med saks og veid. Resultatet var at sammenligningshumusen C ga 86 g, den kommersielt tilgjenge-lige markhumus D ga 124 g, humusen B erholdt bare ved hjelp av thomas-fosfatmel og bentonitt ga 137 g, mens humus A erholdt ifølge oppfinnelsen under anvendelse av tilsatt kalsiumsulfat, ga 160 g. In the quantitative cress test, flat cement bowls measuring 40 x 25 x 6 cm were filled with the compost to be tested and sown with 10 g of cress seeds. On the second and fourth days, the consumed water was replaced. On the sixth day, the cress was cut with scissors and weighed. The result was that the comparative humus C gave 86 g, the commercially available ground humus D gave 124 g, the humus B obtained only with the help of Thomas phosphate flour and bentonite gave 137 g, while the humus A obtained according to the invention using added calcium sulphate gave 160 g.
Det er derfor åpenbart at tilsetningen av kalsiumsulfat gir en betydelig forbedring av humusen i form av økt utbytte. It is therefore obvious that the addition of calcium sulphate provides a significant improvement of the humus in the form of increased yield.
Sammenligningsforsøk 2 Comparison test 2
For å vise den overraskende tekniske effekt ifølge oppfinnelsen sammenlignet med gjenstanden for DE-OS 3 614 183, ble et sammenligningsforsøk med et karsefrø gjennomført. In order to show the surprising technical effect according to the invention compared to the subject matter of DE-OS 3 614 183, a comparison experiment with a cress seed was carried out.
Tilsetning A besto av 1 1 humus som var blitt godt blandet med 3,8 g gips., 3,8 g thomas-fosfat og 1,5 g bentonitt . Addition A consisted of 1 1 humus which had been well mixed with 3.8 g of gypsum, 3.8 g of Thomas phosphate and 1.5 g of bentonite.
Tilsetning B besto av 1 1 humus som var blitt godt blandet med 5 g pulverisert dihydratgips, 1,5 g pulverisert dolomitt, 0,4 g soda, 0,175 boraks og 0,05 g sitronsyre. Addition B consisted of 1 l of humus which had been well mixed with 5 g of powdered dihydrate gypsum, 1.5 g of powdered dolomite, 0.4 g of soda, 0.175 g of borax and 0.05 g of citric acid.
Fra hver av de to tilsetningene A og B ble 4 g blandet til en oppslemming med 50 ml vann, og 4 g karsefrø fikk svelle i 90 minutter der. From each of the two additions A and B, 4 g were mixed into a slurry with 50 ml of water, and 4 g of watercress seeds were allowed to swell there for 90 minutes.
Begge frøoppslemmingene ble fordelt i et plantegitter med humus og satt ut på et regnbeskyttet sted i friluft. Vanningen skjedde automatisk ved hjelp av en dyrkningsbe-holder som garanterte en konstant grunnvannstand. Both seed slurries were distributed in a plant grid with humus and set out in the open air in a place protected from the rain. Watering took place automatically with the help of a cultivation container which guaranteed a constant ground water level.
Resultater: Results:
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19873744317 DE3744317C1 (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1987-12-28 | Use of calcium sulfate to improve fermentation of organic waste |
| PCT/DE1988/000781 WO1989006223A1 (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1988-12-24 | Use of calcium sulphate to improve the fermentation of organic fertilizers |
| ZA89404A ZA89404B (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1989-01-18 | The use of calcium sulphate to improve the fermentation of organic waste |
| NZ22765189A NZ227651A (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1989-01-18 | Use of calcium sulphate to improve the fermentation of organic waste |
| DD89325196A DD283369A5 (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1989-01-24 | USE OF CALCIUM SULPHATE FOR FERMENTATION OF WASTE MATERIALS |
| CS89638A CZ63889A3 (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1989-01-31 | The use of calcium sulfate for improving fermentation of organic waste |
| CN89100866A CN1045766A (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1989-02-16 | Utilize calcium sulphate to improve fermentation of organic waste |
| ZW5389A ZW5389A1 (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1989-04-21 | The use of calcium sulphate to improve the fermentation of organic waste |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO893433D0 NO893433D0 (en) | 1989-08-25 |
| NO893433L true NO893433L (en) | 1989-10-27 |
Family
ID=36717134
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO89893433A NO893433L (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1989-08-25 | APPLICATION OF CALCIUM SULPHATE TO IMPROVE THE PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS. |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0322831A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH02502817A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1045766A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2818589A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8807391A (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ63889A3 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD283369A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3744317C1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK422289A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI894003A (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT51585A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE890109L (en) |
| NO (1) | NO893433L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ227651A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1989006223A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA89404B (en) |
| ZW (1) | ZW5389A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4111314C2 (en) * | 1991-04-08 | 1995-04-20 | Allied Colloids Gmbh | Process for the biological drying of sewage sludge |
| DE4133984A1 (en) * | 1991-10-14 | 1993-04-15 | Rudolf Prof Dr Kuerner | METHOD FOR BIOLOGICAL DIGESTION OF MINERALS |
| ES2036949B1 (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1994-02-01 | Tioxide Europ | MAGNESIUM SULPHATE AND IRON MICRO-ELEMENTS DEFICIENCY CORRECTOR FOR AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION. |
| JPH09503479A (en) * | 1993-09-28 | 1997-04-08 | インバイランメントル アンド リソース テクノロジイ ホールディングス プロプライエタリー リミテッド | Processing and production of growth media from raw organic substances |
| TW442301B (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2001-06-23 | Sanofi Synthelabo | Pharmaceutical compositions containing irbesartan |
| CN102674919B (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2014-01-29 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Deodorizing material for compost, as well as preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR525201A (en) * | 1920-09-28 | 1921-09-17 | Georges Truffaut | Complete biochemical fertilizer and atmospheric nitrogen fixer |
| FR2157683A1 (en) * | 1971-10-06 | 1973-06-08 | Gardinier Ets | Phosphate fertiliser - contg dross,sulphur,and phosphogypsum |
| DE3517645A1 (en) * | 1985-01-23 | 1986-11-20 | Marx Bergbau GmbH & Co KG, 5431 Ruppach-Goldhausen | MEANS FOR THE MELIORATION OF DAMAGED SOILS AND / OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINING POLLUTANTS |
| DE3614183A1 (en) * | 1986-04-26 | 1986-11-13 | Rainer 7573 Sinzheim Fischer | Fertiliser for controlling the death of the forests and of the plants and for the general conditioning of the soil |
-
1987
- 1987-12-28 DE DE19873744317 patent/DE3744317C1/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-12-24 AU AU28185/89A patent/AU2818589A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1988-12-24 JP JP1500305A patent/JPH02502817A/en active Pending
- 1988-12-24 BR BR8807391A patent/BR8807391A/en unknown
- 1988-12-24 WO PCT/DE1988/000781 patent/WO1989006223A1/en active Application Filing
- 1988-12-24 HU HU46488A patent/HUT51585A/en unknown
- 1988-12-24 EP EP19880121658 patent/EP0322831A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-01-16 IE IE890109A patent/IE890109L/en unknown
- 1989-01-18 ZA ZA89404A patent/ZA89404B/en unknown
- 1989-01-18 NZ NZ22765189A patent/NZ227651A/en unknown
- 1989-01-24 DD DD89325196A patent/DD283369A5/en unknown
- 1989-01-31 CZ CS89638A patent/CZ63889A3/en unknown
- 1989-02-16 CN CN89100866A patent/CN1045766A/en active Pending
- 1989-04-21 ZW ZW5389A patent/ZW5389A1/en unknown
- 1989-08-25 FI FI894003A patent/FI894003A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-08-25 NO NO89893433A patent/NO893433L/en unknown
- 1989-08-28 DK DK422289A patent/DK422289A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE890109L (en) | 1990-07-16 |
| WO1989006223A1 (en) | 1989-07-13 |
| CN1045766A (en) | 1990-10-03 |
| DE3744317C1 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
| EP0322831A1 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
| AU2818589A (en) | 1989-08-01 |
| ZW5389A1 (en) | 1989-12-20 |
| DK422289A (en) | 1989-10-20 |
| NO893433D0 (en) | 1989-08-25 |
| FI894003A0 (en) | 1989-08-25 |
| CZ63889A3 (en) | 1994-11-16 |
| BR8807391A (en) | 1990-05-22 |
| ZA89404B (en) | 1989-10-25 |
| HUT51585A (en) | 1990-05-28 |
| DD283369A5 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
| FI894003A (en) | 1989-08-25 |
| JPH02502817A (en) | 1990-09-06 |
| DK422289D0 (en) | 1989-08-28 |
| NZ227651A (en) | 1990-03-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Medina et al. | Relationships between soil physico-chemical, chemical and biological properties in a soil amended with spent mushroom substrate | |
| WO2019213263A1 (en) | Plant growth matrix | |
| Robinson et al. | Nitrogen mobilization by earthworms in limed peat soils under Picea sitchensis | |
| JP3433123B2 (en) | Fermentation promoter | |
| US2797985A (en) | Method of producing synthetic topsoil | |
| Häfner et al. | Recycling fertilizers from human excreta exhibit high nitrogen fertilizer value and result in low uptake of pharmaceutical compounds | |
| NO893433L (en) | APPLICATION OF CALCIUM SULPHATE TO IMPROVE THE PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS. | |
| Ahmad et al. | Potential of compost for sustainable crop production and soil health | |
| JP2004024969A (en) | Heavy metal decreasing agent and method for decreasing heavy metal using it | |
| RU2702768C1 (en) | Method for processing poultry manure into organo-mineral fertilizer | |
| Abou Hussien et al. | Effect of sulphur additives on the chemical composition of compost | |
| US3824091A (en) | Method of anchoring finely granulated dust material from purifying plants for metallurgic waste gases in order to render the dust disposable or utilizable | |
| Rani | Rejuvenating soil health using organic manures for sustainable agriculture | |
| RU2516468C2 (en) | Method of reclamation of agricultural lands | |
| Sarma et al. | Responses of soil enzymes and carbon mineralization to applied organic amendments: a short-term study in acidic sandy loam soil | |
| KR920004711B1 (en) | Use of calcium sulphate to improve the fermentation of organic fertilizers | |
| RU2653083C1 (en) | Method of processing bird droppings into organo-mineral fertilizers (options) | |
| Iqbal et al. | IMPACT OF ROCK PHOSPHATE ENRICHED COMPOST AND PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA ON MAIZE GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE. | |
| Dolui et al. | Evaluation of Different On-farm Compost Quality & their Role in Made Tea Productivity and Development of Acid Tea Soils | |
| RU2243956C2 (en) | Organomineral fertilizer manufacture method | |
| Iqbal | Composing of Municipal Solid Waste and Its Use as Fertilizer | |
| SU1733433A1 (en) | Method for production of organic fertilizer | |
| CZ10698A3 (en) | Process for producing soil for flowers | |
| RU2701942C1 (en) | Method of recycling wood shavings using a wood-destroying microorganisms composition to produce complex organo-mineral fertilizer | |
| PT89632B (en) | PROCESS FOR THE USE OF CALCIUM SULPHATE TO IMPROVE THE FERMENTATION OF ORGANIC WASTE |