KR920004711B1 - Use of calcium sulphate to improve the fermentation of organic fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Use of calcium sulfate to improve fermentation of organic waste

In particular, organic wastes from botanical gardens are destroyed under the influence of aerobic microorganisms, forming humus. Humus formation involves not only bacteria and fungi but also protozoa and lower and higher insects. Very important to the quality of the humus and the rate of bacterial transformation is the presence of bases. In the presence of a sufficient amount of basic minerals, base-saturated humus colloids form, which together with the clay colloids form the so-called absorbent complexes in the soil.

Basic minerals commonly added to form humus include calcium carbonate, dolomite, and coral and algal lime. However, the double salt with calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate is extremely poorly soluble, and the effect is minimized. On some microorganisms, alkalinity has a negative effect, which can slow down the decay rate when forming humus.

Calcium oxide has previously been added to clean sludge by solidification and to be disposed of, but calcium oxide cannot be a suitable promoter for the formation of humus because calcium oxide first completely or nearly exterminates living microorganisms.

In particular, the increased desulfurization of waste gas from coal-fired power plants has resulted in the mass production of so-called REA-gypsum, calcium sulfate, which in the near future has not been available and has been a valueless by-product and incurs additional disposal costs. You will see

It is known from DE-OS 3 614 183 to use calcium sulfate as a quick composting agent for fertilizers or organic waste with dolomite, soda, borax and citric acid.

The problem on which the present invention is based is to improve the fermentation of organic waste and / or to further improve the soil by using calcium sulfate, which may be supplied in large quantities in the future.

According to the invention, in order to improve the fermentation of organic wastes and / or to improve soil conditions, calcium sulfate is used together with montmorillonite and at least one kind of phosphate.

When referring to fermentation of organic waste herein, this term should be interpreted in the broadest sense. Bacterial destruction of plant or animal material, such as composting and humus soil, degeneration of household and factory organic waste, surface treatment of agriculture and forest soils, and destruction of other organic waste by microbial action such as bacteria and fungi.

The use of calcium sulfate from sources such as REA gypsum and other gypsum gypsum in this mixture in accordance with the present invention results in a number of surprising advantages that would be unforeseen by those skilled in the art.

For example, mixing calcium sulfate with organic waste to ferment and to rot and compost is not only acceptable, but surprisingly this mixing activates and promotes fermentation, possibly due to a number of reasons. Calcium sulphate is virtually already oxidized in the form of sulfur, which is required by microorganisms, as well as the calcium required for actinomycetes, which are more readily soluble than neutral carbonates and play a critical role in the initiation of decay.

It is not desirable for the present invention to be bound by any particular theory; instead, the addition of calcium sulfate results in a faster chemical reaction upon composting, and it can be experimentally demonstrated that composting ends sooner in the prior art level.

Where composting or surface fertilization is important, the use of the mixtures according to the invention greatly improves the quality of the humus soil. This can be clarified visually and by the sensor for the obtained humus, as well as quantified by an increase in yield that can be demonstrated by comparative tests on humus produced by different methods.

For example, by experiments, plant yields from humus prepared by adding the mixture according to the present invention can be obtained by adding lava powder or algae lime and using calcium phosphate and bentonite together, or of Thomas flower (basic slag) and bentonite. It can be confirmed that by adding the mixture or by adding a mixture of calcium sulfate, dolomite, soda, borax and citric acid it is much higher than the yield from the humus obtained.

Furthermore, it has been found that bacterial fermentation of organic wastes by the addition of the mixtures used according to the invention also results in detoxification effects as heavy metals such as cadmium are consumed by microorganisms. Significant increases in bacterial activity were also observed in oils with low cadmium content.

Finally, the mixtures used according to the invention, when added to animal or human feces, can easily remove unpleasant odors, since the aliquots are quickly destroyed by bacterial action, and thus can be used as fertilizers without annoying odors.

As is well known, bacterial transformation of any organic waste of animal or plant source occurs aerobicly, whether the organic waste is a solid or liquid animal or human waste, surface spraying or surface composting of straw, stumps or leaves, Fermentation of organic wastes using calcium sulfate is effective, whether it is fallen trifoliate or conifers, or sedimentary wastes in compost or solid fermenters.

In the case of fermentation of bulk wastes, such as in case of decaying decay or solid fermentation systems, organic wastes are contained in an amount of 100 g to 5 kg, preferably 15 kg or less, particularly preferably 5 to 10 kg per cubic meter of organic waste. It is convenient to add calcium sulfate. In the case of surface composting, it is convenient to spray calcium sulfate in an amount of 50 kg to 5 kg per square meter, preferably 1 kg or less, especially 100 kg to 500 kg.

The montmorillonite added according to the invention is preferably bentonite, in particular calcium bentoanit. Montmorillonite has a particularly favorable effect because it deposits on humic acid and the complexes thus formed retain water in the soil.

According to the present invention, usable phosphate or poorly soluble phosphate can be used as the phosphate. Soluble phosphate is a well known superphosphate which contains calcium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium sulfate and can be obtained by reacting phosphate ore with sulfuric acid.

According to the invention, however, it is particularly preferred to use phosphates that do not readily dissolve, such as phosphate powder and / or Thomas phosphate powder. Thomas phosphate comes from the lining of the Thomas converter and contains about 15% P ₂ O ₅ .

Phosphorite has, for example, a P ₂ O ₅ content of about 30%.

In addition to the above components, it is also possible according to the invention to use Thomas lime or foundry lime together with calcium sulfate.

The new essential ingredients calcium sulphate, montmorillonite and phosphate according to the present invention may be separately put into the organic waste to be fermented or added to the soil to be improved.

However, they are preferably used as a mixture mixed with each other as soil improver or organic waste fermentation improver.

Such modifiers according to the invention may contain other alkaline earth metal compounds, preferably calcium and / or magnesium compounds or minerals containing such compounds.

It is also convenient for the modifier according to the invention to contain further trace components, preferably in the form of mineral powder and / or slag powder.

Particularly advantageous forms of soil modifying agents according to the invention can be obtained if, in addition to the mixture of calcium sulfate, montmorillonite and phosphate, the modifier also contains foam flakes (sea sponges), preferably aminoplast foam flakes and humus earth. have.

Suitable aminoplast foam flakes may be made according to DE-PS 2 447 880, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The foam flakes used according to the invention have in particular the features described in DE-PS 2 447 880. Conveniently, the soil modifier is a mixture of 3-6 vol., Preferably 4-5 vol. Of foam flakes and 0.025-0.25 vol., Preferably 0.05-0.15 vol. Of calcium sulfate, montmorillonite and phosphate per vol. Contains trace ingredients that may be present.

Regardless of whether calcium sulfate, montmorillonite and phosphate are used separately or mixed with each other in advance, the amount ratio of these three components according to the present invention is a weight ratio of calcium sulfate to montmorillonite of 1: 0.1 to 10, preferably 1: It is advantageous to adjust 0.25 to 5, and in particular 1: 0.5 to 1.5, and the weight ratio of calcium sulfate to phosphate is 1: 0.1 to 10, preferably 1: 0.25 to 5, and especially 1: 0.5 to 2. For example, good results are obtained when calcium sulfate versus montmorillonite versus phosphate is 1: 1: 1 or 1: 1: 1.

Comparative Example 1

According to a conventional horseradish tester, the humus made according to the present invention was compared with respect to the yield of two types of humus obtained according to the conventional method.

1 kg of calcium sulfate, 5 kg of dolomite, 15 kg of Thomas saline powder and 10 kg of bentonite were added per 1.5 m 3 of vegetable waste to obtain the humus soil according to the present invention in a stationary tunnel reactor. This humus was named Humus A. Non-corrosive soil B was made in a similar manner with 10 kg bentonite and 15 kg Thomas phosphate powder but without calcium sulfate. Another noncorrosive soil C was prepared in the same apparatus by adding 10 kg of bentonite, 10 kg of lava powder and 10 kg of phosphate ore per 1.5 m 3. Finally, commercially available edible soil based on dung was used as non-corrosive soil D.

During the horseradish quantitative test, 10 kg of horseradish seeds were sown in a flat cement bowl having dimensions of 40 × 25 × 6 cm with compost to be tested. On days 2 and 4, water was used up. On day 6, horseradish was cut with scissors and weighed.

As a result, the non-corrosive soil C yielded 86g, the commercially-produced earthquake soil D was 124g, and the humus soil B obtained using only Thomas phosphate powder and bentonite yielded 137g. Yields of 160 g were obtained.

It is therefore clear that the addition of calcium sulfate can significantly improve the humus soil in the form of increased yields.

[Comparative Experiment 2]

Comparative tests were conducted with horseradish seed to demonstrate the surprising industrial effect of the present invention as compared to the object of DE-OS 3 614 183.

Batch A was made of 1 L of caustic soil thoroughly mixed with 3.8 g of gypsum, 3.8 g of Thomas phosphate and 1.5 g of bentonite.

Batch B was made from 5 g of dihydrate stone powder, 1.5 g of dolomite powder, 0.5 g of soda, 0.175 g of borax, and 1 L of humus soil thoroughly mixed with 0.05 g of citric acid.

From each of batches A and B, 4 g of each was mixed with 50 ml of water to make sludge, and 4 g of horseradish seeds were placed therein to inflate for 90 minutes.

Two seeded sludges were sprayed onto the corroded vegetation lattice and placed in the atmosphere of a place protected from rainwater. Water was automatically supplied by a cultivation water supply that ensures a constant level in the soil.

result :

Batch A Batch B

PH of seed sludge 8.0 8.6

Number of seeds germinated after 24 hours 78 69

Number of seeds germinated after 3 days

Average length of plants germinated after 10 days 45㎜ 35㎜

Raw weight 31 g 24 g after 10 days including seed nuclei

Claims (16)

Use of calcium sulfate with montmorillonite and at least one phosphate for improving fermentation of organic waste and / or soil improvement. 2. Use of calcium sulfate according to claim 1, wherein the calcium sulfate is calcium sulfate produced upon desulfurization of waste gas. 3. Use of calcium sulfate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of calcium sulfate to montmorillonite is from 1: 0.1 to 10 and the weight ratio of calcium sulfate to phosphate is from 1: 0.1 to 10. 3. Use of calcium sulfate according to claim 1 or 2, in combination with at least one poorly soluble phosphate. 3. Use of calcium sulfate according to claim 1 or 2, in combination with further other alkaline earth metal compounds. 3. Use of calcium sulfate according to claim 1 or 2, which is used in a mixture with montmorillonite and phosphate. 3. Use of calcium sulfate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is used in an amount of 100 kg to 50 kg per cubic meter of organic waste to be fermented. 3. Use of calcium sulfate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is used in an amount of 50 g to 5 kg per square meter for surface composting. A medicament for improving fermentation and / or soil improvement of organic wastes containing calcium sulfate, wherein the montmorillonite and at least one phosphate are also contained. 10. The modifier according to claim 9, which contains calcium sulfate produced during desulfurization of waste gas as calcium sulfate. The modifier according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the calcium sulfate to montmorillonite is contained in a weight ratio of 1: 0.1 to 10 and calcium sulfate to phosphate in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 10. The improving agent according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the soluble phosphate contains poorly soluble phosphate. The modifier according to claim 9 or 10, which further contains an alkaline earth metal compound. The modifier according to claim 9 or 10, which further contains trace elements. The modifier according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the foam flakes (sea sponges) are also contained. The modifier according to claim 15, characterized in that it contains 3 to 6 parts by volume of foam flakes and 0.025 to 0.25 parts by volume of the mixture according to claim 9 or 10, per volume of humus soil.